Background
Methods
Study population
Laboratory analysis
Echocardiography
Statistical analysis
Results
Patient characteristics
Variables | Women (n = 331) | Men (n = 910) |
---|---|---|
Age, years | 71.1 ± 10.9 | 68.3 ± 10.8 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 22.9 ± 4.1 | 23.7 ± 3.5 |
Chronic hemodialysis, n (%) | 8 (2.4) | 45 (4.9) |
Ever smoker | 55 (16.6) | 721 (79.2) |
Cardiac rhythm | ||
Sinus rhythm, n (%) | 258 (77.9) | 750 (82.4) |
Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 45 (13.6) | 107 (11.8) |
Pacemaker, n (%) | 17 (5.1) | 38 (4.2) |
Others, n (%) | 11 (3.3) | 15 (1.6) |
Cardiovascular disease | ||
Ischemic heart disease, n (%) | 173 (52.3) | 681 (74.8) |
Arrhythmic disease, n (%) | 35 (10.6) | 70 (7.7) |
Cardiomyopathy, n (%) | 113 (34.1) | 217 (23.8) |
Peripheral artery disease, n (%) | 15 (4.5) | 82 (9.0) |
Valvular heart disease, n (%) | 34 (10.3) | 71 (7.8) |
Medication | ||
ACE inhibitors/ARB, n (%) | 150 (45.3) | 524 (57.6) |
Beta blockers, n (%) | 123 (37.2) | 372 (40.9) |
Calcium channel blockers, n (%) | 162 (48.9) | 389 (42.7) |
Loop diuretics, n (%) | 102 (30.8) | 202 (22.2) |
Thiazide diuretics, n (%) | 25 (7.6) | 38 (4.2) |
Aldosterone antagonist, n (%) | 35 (10.6) | 79 (8.7) |
Aspirin, n (%) | 166 (50.2) | 658 (72.3) |
Clopidogrel, n (%) | 88 (26.6) | 393 (43.2) |
Any antiplatelet drug, n (%) | 176 (53.2) | 689 (75.7) |
Warfarin, n (%) | 78 (23.6) | 202 (22.2) |
NOAC, n (%) | 40 (12.1) | 79 (8.7) |
Any anticoagulants, n (%) | 118 (35.6) | 281 (30.9) |
Laboratory data | ||
White blood cell count, x103/μL | 5.67 (4.60–6.86) | 6.07 (4.98–7.27) |
Hemoglobin, g/dL | 12.4 (11.2–13.5) | 13.6 (12.3–14.8) |
Platelet count, x103/μL | 212 (172–259) | 201 (171–239) |
Mean platelet volume, fL | 8.1 (7.7–8.7) | 8.2 (7.7–8.8) |
Platelet distribution width, % | 52.0 (47.3–56.2) | 53.1 (48.3–58.0) |
Serum creatinine, mg/dL | 0.72 (0.62–0.93) | 0.92 (0.80–1.13) |
eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 60.4 (45.9–71.8) | 47 (37.3–55.9) |
Echocardiographic data | ||
LV diastolic dimension, cm | 4.6 (4.2–5.1) | 4.9 (4.6–5.5) |
LV systolic dimension, cm | 2.9 (2.5–3.5) | 3.3 (2.9–3.9) |
LV ejection fraction, % | 61 (54–68) | 59 (51.0–65) |
LV mass index, g/m2 | 99 (83–123) | 106 (89.9–128) |
Relationship between antithrombotic drug usage and platelet indices
Relationship between platelet indices and left ventricular systolic function and hypertrophy
Univariate | Multivariate (stepwise) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Std β | P value | Std β | P value | |
Dependent variable: LVEF | ||||
Sex (male = 1) | −0.10 | <0.001 | - | |
Age | 0.07 | 0.011 | 0.14 | <0.001 |
Systolic blood pressure | 0.07 | 0.009 | 0.06 | 0.021 |
Chronic kidney disease | −0.12 | <0.001 | −0.12 | <0.001 |
White blood cell count | −0.09 | 0.001 | −0.06 | 0.034 |
Hemoglobin | 0.06 | 0.047 | 0.08 | 0.007 |
Platelet | 0.08 | 0.004 | - | |
MPV | −0.19 | <0.001 | −0.12 | <0.001 |
PDW | −0.18 | <0.001 | −0.13 | <0.001 |
Dependent variable: LVMI | ||||
Sex (male = 1) | 0.05 | 0.078 | - | |
Age | 0.09 | 0.002 | - | |
Systolic blood pressure | 0.09 | 0.002 | 0.09 | 0.001 |
Chronic kidney disease | 0.15 | <0.001 | 0.12 | <0.001 |
White blood cell count | 0.07 | 0.014 | - | |
Hemoglobin | −0.17 | <0.001 | −0.15 | <0.001 |
Platelet count | −0.09 | 0.001 | - | |
MPV | 0.15 | <0.001 | 0.08 | 0.015 |
PDW | 0.10 | <0.001 | 0.07 | 0.016 |
Multivariate logistic regression analysis of the relationship with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and hypertrophy
Independent variables | Odds ratio (95 % CI) | P value | Odds ratio (95 % CI) | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|
model 1 | model 2 | |||
Sex (male = 1) | 1.08 (0.74–1.58) | 0.700 | 1.07 (0.73–1.56) | 0.743 |
Age, per 1SD | 0.83 (0.71–0.97) | 0.018 | 0.83 (0.71–0.97) | 0.017 |
Systolic blood pressure, per 1SD | 0.87 (0.75–1.01) | 0.059 | 0.87 (0.75–1.01) | 0.062 |
Chronic kidney disease | 1.56 (1.03–2.36) | 0.036 | 1.60 (1.05–2.43) | 0.027 |
Any antiplatelet drugs | 1.00 (0.72–1.38) | 0.997 | 0.98 (0.71–1.35) | 0.888 |
Warfarin | 2.18 (1.58–2.99) | <0.001 | 2.18 (1.58–2.99) | <0.001 |
White blood cell count, per 1SD | 1.19 (1.03–1.37) | 0.016 | 1.18 (1.03–1.36) | 0.017 |
Hemoglobin, per 1SD | 0.78 (0.67–0.90) | 0.001 | 0.79 (0.68–0.91) | 0.001 |
Platelet count, per 1SD | 0.90 (0.76–1.06) | 0.206 | ||
MPV, per 1SD | 1.15 (0.98–1.35) | 0.096 | ||
PDW, per 1SD | 1.25 (1.06–1.46) | 0.007 | ||
Middle platelet tertile | 0.80 (0.56–1.14) | 0.218 | ||
Highest platelet tertile | 0.83 (0.56–1.23) | 0.346 | ||
Middle MPV tertile | 1.18 (0.80–1.73) | 0.412 | ||
Highest MPV tertile | 1.53 (1.04–2.27) | 0.033 | ||
Middle PDW tertile | 1.80 (1.22–2.64) | 0.003 | ||
Highest PDW tertile | 2.03 (1.37–3.02) | <0.001 |
Independent variables | Odds ratio (95 % CI) | P value | Odds ratio (95 % CI) | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|
model 1 | model 2 | |||
Sex (male = 1) | 0.87 (0.63–1.19) | 0.386 | 0.86 (0.62–1.18) | 0.356 |
Age, per 1SD | 0.93 (0.81–1.06) | 0.264 | 0.93 (0.81–1.06) | 0.276 |
Systolic blood pressure, per 1SD | 1.22 (1.08–1.37) | 0.002 | 1.22 (1.08–1.38) | 0.001 |
Chronic kidney disease | 1.69 (1.20–2.36) | 0.002 | 1.75 (1.25–2.46) | 0.001 |
Any antiplatelet drugs | 0.80 (0.61–1.05) | 0.103 | 0.79 (0.60–1.04) | 0.092 |
Warfarin | 1.30 (0.97–1.74) | 0.075 | 1.30 (0.97–1.74) | 0.074 |
White blood cell count, per 1SD | 1.12 (0.99–1.27) | 0.074 | 1.11 (0.98–1.26) | 0.101 |
Hemoglobin, per 1SD | 0.72 (0.63–0.82) | <0.001 | 0.72 (0.63–0.82) | <0.001 |
Platelet count, per 1SD | 0.93 (0.81–1.07) | 0.303 | ||
MPV, per 1SD | 1.10 (0.96–1.27) | 0.171 | ||
PDW, per 1SD | 1.12 (0.98–1.29) | 0.095 | ||
Middle platelet tertile | 0.80 (0.59–1.09) | 0.160 | ||
Highest platelet tertile | 0.94 (0.67–1.31) | 0.697 | ||
Middle MPV tertile | 1.15 (0.84–1.56) | 0.388 | ||
Highest MPV tertile | 1.28 (0.92–1.77) | 0.139 | ||
Middle PDW tertile | 1.39 (1.02–1.88) | 0.035 | ||
Highest PDW tertile | 1.56 (1.13–2.15) | 0.007 |
Relationship between platelet indices and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction
Independent variables | Odds ratio (95 % CI) | P value | Odds ratio (95 % CI) | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|
model 1 | model 2 | |||
Sex (male = 1) | 0.42 (0.21–0.84) | 0.014 | 0.37 (0.18–0.75) | 0.006 |
Age, per 1SD | 1.34 (0.95–1.89) | 0.095 | 1.30 (0.92–1.83) | 0.139 |
Systolic blood pressure, per 1SD | 1.17 (0.89–1.56) | 0.263 | 1.20 (0.91–1.60) | 0.200 |
Chronic kidney disease | 2.43 (1.12–5.30) | 0.025 | 2.78 (1.24–6.24) | 0.013 |
Any antiplatelet drugs | 0.59 (0.30–1.15) | 0.123 | 0.65 (0.33–1.29) | 0.220 |
Warfarin | 1.11 (0.47–2.61) | 0.810 | 1.11 (0.47–2.62) | 0.811 |
White blood cell count, per 1SD | 1.54 (1.14–2.07) | 0.005 | 1.52 (1.13–2.03) | 0.005 |
Hemoglobin, per 1SD | 0.50 (0.37–0.66) | <0.001 | 0.51 (0.38–0.67) | <0.001 |
Platelet count, per 1SD | 0.62 (0.46–0.86) | 0.003 | ||
MPV, per 1SD | 0.92 (0.66–1.29) | 0.641 | ||
PDW, per 1SD | 1.41 (1.03–1.92) | 0.031 | ||
Middle platelet tertile | 0.42 (0.21–0.82) | 0.011 | ||
Highest platelet tertile | 0.32 (0.15–0.67) | 0.003 | ||
Middle MPV tertile | 1.00 (0.49–2.04) | 0.991 | ||
Highest MPV tertile | 0.88 (0.42–1.86) | 0.738 | ||
Middle PDW tertile | 1.91 (0.90–4.05) | 0.092 | ||
Highest PDW tertile | 3.34 (1.54–7.25) | 0.002 |