Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Die Diabetologie 4/2021

04.03.2021 | Pneumologie | Leitthema

Bedeutung des Mikrobioms für Adipositas und Glukosestoffwechsel

verfasst von: Miriam Ecker, Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Dirk Haller

Erschienen in: Die Diabetologie | Ausgabe 4/2021

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Zusammenfassung

Metabolische Erkrankungen wie Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 und Adipositas führen zu Veränderungen im mikrobiellen Ökosystem des Darms, sowohl auf kompositioneller als auch funktioneller Ebene. Nach über 10 Jahren intensiver Forschung scheint eine kausale Beteiligung der Mikrobiota an der Entstehung und Progression von Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 und Adipositas möglich, wobei die zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen noch immer unklar sind. Vermutet wird, dass Mikroorganismen allein oder in Gemeinschaften (Dysbiose) den Insulin- und Glukosestoffwechsel, die Energieextraktion aus der Nahrung sowie die Barriere- und Immunfunktion des Darms beeinflussen. Auf dieser Grundlage werden derzeit mikrobielle Therapien wie Stuhltransplantationen bei metabolischen Erkrankungen erprobt. Allerdings ist die Studienlage noch lückenhaft und widersprüchlich, sodass es weiterer klinischer Validierung bedarf.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Backhed F, Manchester JK, Semenkovich CF et al (2007) Mechanisms underlying the resistance to diet-induced obesity in germ-free mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:979–984CrossRef Backhed F, Manchester JK, Semenkovich CF et al (2007) Mechanisms underlying the resistance to diet-induced obesity in germ-free mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:979–984CrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Bazanella M, Maier TV, Clavel T et al (2017) Randomized controlled trial on the impact of early-life intervention with bifidobacteria on the healthy infant fecal microbiota and metabolome. Am J Clin Nutr 106:1274–1286PubMed Bazanella M, Maier TV, Clavel T et al (2017) Randomized controlled trial on the impact of early-life intervention with bifidobacteria on the healthy infant fecal microbiota and metabolome. Am J Clin Nutr 106:1274–1286PubMed
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Berg G, Rybakova D, Fischer D et al (2020) Microbiome definition re-visited: old concepts and new challenges. Microbiome 8:103CrossRef Berg G, Rybakova D, Fischer D et al (2020) Microbiome definition re-visited: old concepts and new challenges. Microbiome 8:103CrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Burkitt DP (1969) Related disease—related cause? Lancet 2:1229–1231CrossRef Burkitt DP (1969) Related disease—related cause? Lancet 2:1229–1231CrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Carding S, Verbeke K, Vipond DT et al (2015) Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in disease. Microb Ecol Health Dis 26:26191PubMed Carding S, Verbeke K, Vipond DT et al (2015) Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in disease. Microb Ecol Health Dis 26:26191PubMed
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen X, Yang W (2015) Branched-chain amino acids and the association with type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Investig 6:369–370CrossRef Chen X, Yang W (2015) Branched-chain amino acids and the association with type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Investig 6:369–370CrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Clavel T, Lagkouvardos I, Hiergeist A (2016) Microbiome sequencing: challenges and opportunities for molecular medicine. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 16:795–805CrossRef Clavel T, Lagkouvardos I, Hiergeist A (2016) Microbiome sequencing: challenges and opportunities for molecular medicine. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 16:795–805CrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat de Groot P, Scheithauer T, Bakker GJ et al (2020) Donor metabolic characteristics drive effects of faecal microbiota transplantation on recipient insulin sensitivity, energy expenditure and intestinal transit time. Gut 69:502–512CrossRef de Groot P, Scheithauer T, Bakker GJ et al (2020) Donor metabolic characteristics drive effects of faecal microbiota transplantation on recipient insulin sensitivity, energy expenditure and intestinal transit time. Gut 69:502–512CrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Duncan SH, Lobley GE, Holtrop G et al (2008) Human colonic microbiota associated with diet, obesity and weight loss. Int J Obes (Lond) 32:1720–1724CrossRef Duncan SH, Lobley GE, Holtrop G et al (2008) Human colonic microbiota associated with diet, obesity and weight loss. Int J Obes (Lond) 32:1720–1724CrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Gensollen T, Iyer SS, Kasper DL et al (2016) How colonization by microbiota in early life shapes the immune system. Science 352:539–544CrossRef Gensollen T, Iyer SS, Kasper DL et al (2016) How colonization by microbiota in early life shapes the immune system. Science 352:539–544CrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat He Y, Wu W, Zheng HM et al (2018) Regional variation limits applications of healthy gut microbiome reference ranges and disease models. Nat Med 24:1532–1535CrossRef He Y, Wu W, Zheng HM et al (2018) Regional variation limits applications of healthy gut microbiome reference ranges and disease models. Nat Med 24:1532–1535CrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Human Microbiome Project Consortium (2012) Structure, function and diversity of the healthy human microbiome. Nature 486:207–214CrossRef Human Microbiome Project Consortium (2012) Structure, function and diversity of the healthy human microbiome. Nature 486:207–214CrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat InterAct Consortium (2015) Dietary fibre and incidence of type 2 diabetes in eight European countries: the EPIC-InterAct study and a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Diabetologia 58:1394–1408CrossRef InterAct Consortium (2015) Dietary fibre and incidence of type 2 diabetes in eight European countries: the EPIC-InterAct study and a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Diabetologia 58:1394–1408CrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Koh A, Backhed F (2020) From association to causality: the role of the gut microbiota and its functional products on host metabolism. Mol Cell 78:584–596CrossRef Koh A, Backhed F (2020) From association to causality: the role of the gut microbiota and its functional products on host metabolism. Mol Cell 78:584–596CrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Kootte RS, Levin E, Salojarvi J et al (2017) Improvement of insulin sensitivity after lean donor feces in metabolic syndrome is driven by baseline intestinal microbiota composition. Cell Metab 26:611–619.e6CrossRef Kootte RS, Levin E, Salojarvi J et al (2017) Improvement of insulin sensitivity after lean donor feces in metabolic syndrome is driven by baseline intestinal microbiota composition. Cell Metab 26:611–619.e6CrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Kubeck R, Bonet-Ripoll C, Hoffmann C et al (2016) Dietary fat and gut microbiota interactions determine diet-induced obesity in mice. Mol Metab 5:1162–1174CrossRef Kubeck R, Bonet-Ripoll C, Hoffmann C et al (2016) Dietary fat and gut microbiota interactions determine diet-induced obesity in mice. Mol Metab 5:1162–1174CrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Li SS, Zhu A, Benes V et al (2016) Durable coexistence of donor and recipient strains after fecal microbiota transplantation. Science 352:586–589CrossRef Li SS, Zhu A, Benes V et al (2016) Durable coexistence of donor and recipient strains after fecal microbiota transplantation. Science 352:586–589CrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Maier L, Pruteanu M, Kuhn M et al (2018) Extensive impact of non-antibiotic drugs on human gut bacteria. Nature 555:623–628CrossRef Maier L, Pruteanu M, Kuhn M et al (2018) Extensive impact of non-antibiotic drugs on human gut bacteria. Nature 555:623–628CrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Nauck MA, Meier JJ (2018) Incretin hormones: their role in health and disease. Diabetes Obes Metab 20(1):5–21CrossRef Nauck MA, Meier JJ (2018) Incretin hormones: their role in health and disease. Diabetes Obes Metab 20(1):5–21CrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Newgard CB, An J, Bain JR et al (2009) A branched-chain amino acid-related metabolic signature that differentiates obese and lean humans and contributes to insulin resistance. Cell Metab 9:311–326CrossRef Newgard CB, An J, Bain JR et al (2009) A branched-chain amino acid-related metabolic signature that differentiates obese and lean humans and contributes to insulin resistance. Cell Metab 9:311–326CrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Nicholson JK, Holmes E, Kinross J et al (2012) Host-gut microbiota metabolic interactions. Science 336:1262–1267CrossRef Nicholson JK, Holmes E, Kinross J et al (2012) Host-gut microbiota metabolic interactions. Science 336:1262–1267CrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat O’toole PW, Jeffery IB (2015) Gut microbiota and aging. Science 350:1214–1215CrossRef O’toole PW, Jeffery IB (2015) Gut microbiota and aging. Science 350:1214–1215CrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Perry RJ, Peng L, Barry NA et al (2016) Acetate mediates a microbiome-brain-beta-cell axis to promote metabolic syndrome. Nature 534:213–217CrossRef Perry RJ, Peng L, Barry NA et al (2016) Acetate mediates a microbiome-brain-beta-cell axis to promote metabolic syndrome. Nature 534:213–217CrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Qin J, Li R, Raes J et al (2010) A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing. Nature 464:59–65CrossRef Qin J, Li R, Raes J et al (2010) A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing. Nature 464:59–65CrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Qin J, Li Y, Cai Z et al (2012) A metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes. Nature 490:55–60CrossRef Qin J, Li Y, Cai Z et al (2012) A metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes. Nature 490:55–60CrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Reitmeier S, Kiessling S, Clavel T et al (2020) Arrhythmic gut microbiome signatures predict risk of type 2 diabetes. Cell Host Microbe 28:258–272.e6CrossRef Reitmeier S, Kiessling S, Clavel T et al (2020) Arrhythmic gut microbiome signatures predict risk of type 2 diabetes. Cell Host Microbe 28:258–272.e6CrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Ridaura VK, Faith JJ, Rey FE et al (2013) Gut microbiota from twins discordant for obesity modulate metabolism in mice. Science 341:1241214CrossRef Ridaura VK, Faith JJ, Rey FE et al (2013) Gut microbiota from twins discordant for obesity modulate metabolism in mice. Science 341:1241214CrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Rinott E, Youngster I, Yaskolka Meir A et al (2021) Effects of diet-modulated autologous fecal microbiota transplantation on weight regain. Gastroenterology 160:158–173.e10CrossRef Rinott E, Youngster I, Yaskolka Meir A et al (2021) Effects of diet-modulated autologous fecal microbiota transplantation on weight regain. Gastroenterology 160:158–173.e10CrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Rodriguez JM, Murphy K, Stanton C et al (2015) The composition of the gut microbiota throughout life, with an emphasis on early life. Microb Ecol Health Dis 26:26050PubMed Rodriguez JM, Murphy K, Stanton C et al (2015) The composition of the gut microbiota throughout life, with an emphasis on early life. Microb Ecol Health Dis 26:26050PubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Sender R, Fuchs S, Milo R (2016) Are we really vastly outnumbered? Revisiting the ratio of bacterial to host cells in humans. Cell 164:337–340CrossRef Sender R, Fuchs S, Milo R (2016) Are we really vastly outnumbered? Revisiting the ratio of bacterial to host cells in humans. Cell 164:337–340CrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Tims S, Derom C, Jonkers DM et al (2013) Microbiota conservation and BMI signatures in adult monozygotic twins. ISME J 7:707–717CrossRef Tims S, Derom C, Jonkers DM et al (2013) Microbiota conservation and BMI signatures in adult monozygotic twins. ISME J 7:707–717CrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Turnbaugh PJ, Hamady M, Yatsunenko T et al (2009) A core gut microbiome in obese and lean twins. Nature 457:480–484CrossRef Turnbaugh PJ, Hamady M, Yatsunenko T et al (2009) A core gut microbiome in obese and lean twins. Nature 457:480–484CrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Turnbaugh PJ, Ley RE, Mahowald MA et al (2006) An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest. Nature 444:1027–1031CrossRef Turnbaugh PJ, Ley RE, Mahowald MA et al (2006) An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest. Nature 444:1027–1031CrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Udayappan S, Manneras-Holm L, Chaplin-Scott A et al (2016) Oral treatment with eubacterium hallii improves insulin sensitivity in db/db mice. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2:16009CrossRef Udayappan S, Manneras-Holm L, Chaplin-Scott A et al (2016) Oral treatment with eubacterium hallii improves insulin sensitivity in db/db mice. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2:16009CrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Vrieze A, Van Nood E, Holleman F et al (2012) Transfer of intestinal microbiota from lean donors increases insulin sensitivity in individuals with metabolic syndrome. Gastroenterology 143:913–916.e7CrossRef Vrieze A, Van Nood E, Holleman F et al (2012) Transfer of intestinal microbiota from lean donors increases insulin sensitivity in individuals with metabolic syndrome. Gastroenterology 143:913–916.e7CrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang TJ, Larson MG, Vasan RS et al (2011) Metabolite profiles and the risk of developing diabetes. Nat Med 17:448–453CrossRef Wang TJ, Larson MG, Vasan RS et al (2011) Metabolite profiles and the risk of developing diabetes. Nat Med 17:448–453CrossRef
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Wortelboer K, Nieuwdorp M, Herrema H (2019) Fecal microbiota transplantation beyond clostridioides difficile infections. EBioMedicine 44:716–729CrossRef Wortelboer K, Nieuwdorp M, Herrema H (2019) Fecal microbiota transplantation beyond clostridioides difficile infections. EBioMedicine 44:716–729CrossRef
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Wu GD, Compher C, Chen EZ et al (2016) Comparative metabolomics in vegans and omnivores reveal constraints on diet-dependent gut microbiota metabolite production. Gut 65:63–72CrossRef Wu GD, Compher C, Chen EZ et al (2016) Comparative metabolomics in vegans and omnivores reveal constraints on diet-dependent gut microbiota metabolite production. Gut 65:63–72CrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Yu EW, Gao L, Stastka P et al (2020) Fecal microbiota transplantation for the improvement of metabolism in obesity: The FMT-TRIM double-blind placebo-controlled pilot trial. PLoS Med 17:e1003051CrossRef Yu EW, Gao L, Stastka P et al (2020) Fecal microbiota transplantation for the improvement of metabolism in obesity: The FMT-TRIM double-blind placebo-controlled pilot trial. PLoS Med 17:e1003051CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Bedeutung des Mikrobioms für Adipositas und Glukosestoffwechsel
verfasst von
Miriam Ecker
Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Dirk Haller
Publikationsdatum
04.03.2021
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die Diabetologie / Ausgabe 4/2021
Print ISSN: 2731-7447
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7455
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11428-021-00735-x

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 4/2021

Die Diabetologie 4/2021 Zur Ausgabe

Einführung zum Thema

Mikrobiom und Mensch

Mitteilungen des BDI

Mitteilungen des BDI

Praxisempfehlungen der Deutschen Diabetes Gesellschaft

Kurz, prägnant und aktuell: Die Praxisempfehlungen der Deutschen Diabetes Gesellschaft.