Background
Methods
Study population
Study center | Overall sample | Contacted | Subjects participated | Overall response P13 program | Drop-outs* | Recruitment: Additional approach | Persons for paper analysis |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Augsburg
| N = 920 | N = 750 for P13 | ROS**: N = 228 | 24.8% (228/920) | N = 522 | N = 44 | |
Greifswald (Neu-Brandenburg)
| N = 291 | N = 291 for P13 | ROS: N = 148 | 50.9% (148/291) | N = 143 | a.) Phone calls (30%), b.) House visits and media campains 70% | N = 107 |
Berlin
| N = 1667 | N = 1667 1. (N = 967 for P13, 2. N = 700, Basic program only) | ROS: N = 13 CS***: N = 63 | 7.9% (76/967) | N = 891 | a.) ROS | N = 70 |
b.) CS | |||||||
Heidelberg
| N = 600 | 600 | ROS: N = 143 of 600 (23.83%) | 16% (96/600) | N = 75 | a.) Phone calls 40.3% (242/600) | N = 90 |
b.) Contacted without phone number (358/600) |
Dental examination
Anthropometric and socio-economic variables
Lifestyle factors
Blood parameters and pre-existing diseases
Statistical methods
Results
Augsburg | Berlin | Greifswald | Heidelberg | Total | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male
| N (%) | 19 (43.2) | 22 (31.4) | 37 (34.6) | 42 (46.7) | 120 (38.6) |
(s. d.) | 56.8 (10.8) | 41.4 (13.9) | 51.3 (13.7) | 43.1 (15.4) | 47.5 (14.9) | |
Range | (35–70) | (20–67) | (28–77) | (21–69) | (20–77) | |
Female
| N (%) | 25 (56.8) | 48 (68.6) | 70 (65.4) | 48 (53.3) | 191 (61.4) |
(s. d.) | 53.7 (11.9) | 41.0 (14.5) | 48.3 (13.7) | 42.6 (14.7) | 45.7 (14.5) | |
Range | (28–69) | (21–68) | (21–76) | (21–69) | (21–76) | |
Total
| N (%) | 44 (14.2) | 70 (22.5) | 107 (34.4) | 90 (28.9) | 311 (100.0) |
(s. d.) | 55.0 (11.4) | 41.1 (14.2) | 49.3 (13.7) | 42.8 (15.0) | 46.4 (14.7) | |
Range | (28–70) | (20–68) | (21–77) | (21–69) | (20–77) |
Augsburg | Berlin | Greifswald | Heidelberg | Total | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | Mean BOP sites in %), Min-Max in % | N | Mean BOP sites in %), Min-Max in % | N | Mean BOP sites in %), Min-Max in % | N | Mean BOP sites in %), Min-Max in % | N | Mean BOP sites in %), Min-Max in % | |
PD Level
| ||||||||||
<4mm | 15 | 3.5 | 44 | 10.0 | 62 | NA* | 44 | 4.4 | 165 | 6.7 |
0.0-15.0 | 0.0-46.4 | 0.0-25.0 | 0.0-46.4 | |||||||
4+5mm | 16 | 9.9 | 21 | 22.1 | 38 | NA | 26 | 15.0 | 101 | 16.1 |
0.0-25.0 | 0.0-82.1 | 0.0-40.0 | 0.0-82.1 | |||||||
≥6mm | 13 | 14.8 | 5 | 30.0 | 7 | NA | 20 | 25.3 | 45 | 22.3 |
0.0-33.3 | 14.3-42.9 | 0.0-80.8 | 0.0-80.8 | |||||||
Total
| 44 | 70 | 107 | 90 | 311 |
PD | BOP | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | <4 mm | 4 + 5 mm | ≥6 mm | Total | P§ | No | Yes | Total | P§ |
166 | 101 | 44 | 311 | 59 | 150 | 209 | |||
Dental health care variables
| |||||||||
No of teeth | 25.8 (6–28) | 24.7 (4–28) | 22.3 (3–28) | 24.9 (3–28) | 0.0001 | 24.6 (13–28) | 26.4 (4–28) | 25.5 (4–28) | 0.05 |
No of teeth with caries | 0.10 (0–4) | 0.21 (0–4) | 0.41 (0–6) | 0.18 (0–6) | 0.01 | 0.27 (0–4) | 0.23 (0–6) | 0.24 (0–6) | 0.64 |
No of teeth with restorations | 7.45 (0–18) | 7.84 (0–16) | 7.39 (0–22) | 7.57 (0–22) | 0.65 | 7.68 (0–18) | 6.41 (0–16) | 6.77 (0–18) | 0.16 |
No of implants | 0.18 (0–4) | 0.22 (0–6) | 0.11 (0–2) | 0.18 (0–6) | 0.74 | 0.27 (0–6) | 0.13 (0–6) | 0.17 (0–6) | 0.45 |
No of teeth with bridges | 0.47 (0–7) | 1.11 (0–7) | 1.50 (0–8) | 0.82 (0–8) | <.0001 | 0.56 (0–7) | 0.85 (0–8) | 0.77 (0–8) | 0.26 |
No of teeth with crowns | 2.46 (0–20) | 5.19 (0–23) | 4.59 (0–18) | 3.65 (0–23) | <.0001 | 3.12 (0–22) | 4.06 (0–23) | 3.79 (0–23) | 0.08 |
Lifestyle, anthropometric, health related and sociodemographic variables
| |||||||||
BMI | 23.9 (16.6-36.3) | 26.1 (17.2-39.6) | 27.8 (17.4-43.0) | 25.2 (16.6-43.0) | <.0001 | 24.3 (17.6-36.3) | 25.1 (17.2-43.0) | 24.9 (17.2-43.0) | 0.45 |
Diabetes | |||||||||
Yes | 5 (3.0) | 10 (9.9) | 4 (9.1) | 19 (6.1) | 0.06 | 1 (1.7) | 8 (45.3) | 9 (4.3) | 0.24 |
No | 161 (97.0) | 91 (90.1) | 40 (90.9) | 292 (93.9) | 58 (98.3) | 142 (94.7) | 200 (95.7) | ||
Physical activity | |||||||||
<1500& | 52 (31.3) | 30 (29.7) | 12 (27.3) | 94 (30.2) | 0.83 | 16 (17.1) | 46 (30.7) | 62 (29.7) | 0.61 |
≥1500 | 114 (68.7) | 71 (70.3) | 32 (72.7) | 217 (69.8) | 43 (72.9) | 104 (69.3) | 147 (70.3) | ||
Sex | |||||||||
male | 61 (36.8) | 36 (35.6) | 23 (52.3) | 120 (38.6) | 0.14 | 19 (50.0) | 48 (42.9) | 67 (44.7) | 0.35 |
female | 105 (63.2) | 65 (64.4) | 21 (47.7) | 191 (61.4) | 19 (50.0) | 64 (57.1) | 83 (55.3) | ||
Age | 41.0 (21.0-76.0) | 52.1 (20.0-77.0) | 54.0 (26.0-69.0) | 46.4 (20.0-77.0) | <.0001 | 42.9 (21.0-68.0) | 45.5 (20.0-70.0) | 44.8 (20.0-70.0) | 0.25 |
Household income | |||||||||
<2000€ | 53 (31.9) | 36 (35.6) | 14 (31.8) | 103 (33.1) | 0.79 | 17 (28.8) | 53 (35.3) | 70 (33.5) | 0.37 |
≥2000€ | 113 (68.1) | 65 (64.4) | 30 (68.2) | 208 (66.9) | 42 (71.2) | 97 (64.7) | 139 (66.5) | ||
School education | |||||||||
<13 years | 70 (42.2) | 65 (64.4) | 35 (79.6) | 170 (54.7) | <.0001 | 25 (42.4) | 81 (54.0) | 106 (50.7) | 0.13 |
13 years | 96 (57.8) | 36 (35.6) | 9 (20.4) | 141 (45.3) | 34 (57.6) | 69 (46.0) | 103 (49.3) | ||
Smoking | |||||||||
Never | 98 (59.0) | 60 (59.4) | 16 (36.4) | 174 (55.9) | 0.001 | 32 (54.2) | 73 (48.7) | 105 (50.2) | 0.82 |
Ex-smoker | 36 (21.7) | 30 (29.7) | 8 (18.2) | 74 (23.8) | 9 (15.3) | 38 (25.3) | 47 (22.5) | ||
Current smoker | 32 (19.3) | 11 (10.9) | 20 (45.4) | 63 (20.3) | 18 (30.5) | 39 (26.0) | 57 (27.3) | ||
Alcohol | |||||||||
<2 times/week | 101 (60.8) | 65 (64.4) | 26 (59.1) | 192 (61.7) | 0.80 | 31 (52.5) | 92 (61.3) | 123 (58.8) | 0.25 |
≥2 times/week | 65 (39.2) | 36 (35.6) | 18 (40.9) | 119 (38.3) | 28 (47.5) | 58 (38.7) | 86 (41.2) | ||
Blood parameters
| |||||||||
Leukocytes | 6.2 (2.9-22.4) | 6.4 (3.4-12.4) | 7.0 (4.1-11.5) | 6.4 (2.9-22.4) | 0.04 | 6.1 (3.1-10.5) | 6.6 (2.9-22.4) | 6.4 (2.9-22.4) | 0.08 |
HbA1c | 33.8 (12.6-46.0) | 35.8 (22.4-66.0) | 40.0 (26.8-60.0) | 35.3 (12.6-66.0) | <.0001 | 37.0 (28.0-46.0) | 38.2 (25.0-66.0) | 37.3 (25.0-66.0) | 0.24 |
Erythrocytes | 4.5 (3.4-5.8) | 4.5 (3.8-5.5) | 4.6 (3.9-5.2) | 4.5 (3.4-5.8) | 0.89 | 4.5 (3.4-5.4) | 4.5 (3.8-5.6) | 4.5 (3.4-5.6) | 0.42 |
Mean corpuscular/cell volume (MCV) | 87.1 (70.0-96.3) | 87.7 (74.0-96.7) | 88.8 (81.0-99.9) | 87.5 (70.0-99.9) | 0.04 | 87.1 (76.8-94.7) | 87.5 (70.0-99.9) | 87.4 (70.0-99.9) | 0.27 |
PD | BOP | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Effect | OR | 95% CI | p | OR | 95% CI | p |
Lifestyle and anthropometric factors
| ||||||
BMI (increase by 5) | 1.66 | 1.25-2.21 | 0.0004 | 1.21 | 0.81-1.81 | 0.36 |
Alcohol (more or equal vs. less than 2 times per week) | 0.60 | 0.34-1.06 | 0.08 | 0.61 | 0.29-1.28 | 0.19 |
Physical activity (high vs. low) | 1.34 | 0.79-2.29 | 0.28 | 0.90 | 0.44-1.86 | 0.78 |
Smoking never | 1 | 1 | ||||
Ex-smoker | 1.13 | 0.61-2.09 | 0.69 | 1.94 | 0.79-4.80 | 0.15 |
Current | 2.44 | 1.24-4.80 | 0.01 | 1.03 | 0.46-2.29 | 0.95 |
Socio-economic factors
| ||||||
Household income ≥2000€ vs <2000€ | 0.86 | 0.51-1.46 | 0.58 | 0.77 | 0.38-1.53 | 0.45 |
School (13 years vs. <13 years) | 0.61 | 0.35-1.04 | 0.07 | 0.74 | 0.32-1.70 | 0.48 |