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Erschienen in: Indian Journal of Gastroenterology 2/2019

09.05.2019 | Technical Notes

Post-infection irritable bowel syndrome in the tropical and subtropical regions: Vibrio cholerae is a new cause of this well-known condition

verfasst von: Uday C. Ghoshal, M. Masudur Rahman

Erschienen in: Indian Journal of Gastroenterology | Ausgabe 2/2019

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Excerpt

Following acute infective gastroenteritis, 4% to 37% of patients develop new-onset persistent bowel symptoms fulfilling the Rome criteria for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), an entity recently named as post-infection IBS (PI-IBS) [1]. The acute episode of gastroenteritis should fulfill at least two of the four criteria, namely diarrhea, fever, vomiting, and positive stool culture. PI-IBS develops mostly following acute infectious diarrhea due to multiple etiological agents, more so due to invasive pathogens (Table 1). However, a few studies did report the occurrence of PI-IBS following infection due to less invasive pathogens causing diarrhea such as viruses [19, 22]. Hence, the conventional belief that the PI-IBS occurs predominantly following acute gastroenteritis due to invasive pathogen is no more tenable. Moreover, two recent studies, one from Bangladesh and another one published in this issue of the Journal from India, showed the occurrence of PI-IBS following infection with Vibrio cholerae (V. cholerae), conventionally known as a noninvasive pathogen, challenging this belief further [27, 28].
Table 1
Incidence, etiology of acute gastroenteritis, and risk factors for post-infection irritable bowel syndrome in cases and controls
Study details
Country
Cause of gastroenteritis
IBS in cases (%)
IBS in controls
Risk factors for post-infection IBS
McKendrick and Read (1994) [2]
UK
Salmonella
12/38 (31.6)
No control
Severity of acute illness, vomiting, and weight loss
Gwee et al. (1996) [3]
UK
Shigella, Campylobacter, Salmonella
20/75 (26.6)
No control
Anxiety, depression, somatisation, and neurotic trait
Neal et al. (1997) [4]
UK
Bacteria
23/347 (6.6)
No control
Longer duration of diarrhea, younger age, and female sex
Gwee et al. (1999) [5]
UK
19/109 (17.4)
Psychological and rectal biopsy: 21 HS
Psychological factors and persistent rectal inflammation
Rodriguez and Ruigomez (1999) [6]
UK
Bacteria
14/318 (4.4)
2027/584308 (0.3%)
Not evaluated
Mearin et al. (2005) [7]
Spain
Salmonella
13.2%
1.5%
No risk factor identified
Ilnyckyj et al. (2003) [8]
Canada
Traveler’s diarrhea
2/48 (4.2)
1/61 (1.6%)
Not evaluated
Dunlop et al. (2003) [9]
UK
Campylobacter
103/747 (13.8)
No control
Increased enterochromaffin cells in lamina propria and depression
Parry et al. (2003) [10]
UK
Campylobacter, Salmonella
18/108 (16.7)
4/219 (1.9%)
Not evaluated
Wang et al. (2004) [11]
China
Shigella
24/295 (8.1)
2/243 (0.8%)
Longer diarrhea, IL-1β mRNA expression, and mast cell in ileum and rectosigmoid
Okhuysen et al. (2004) [12]
USA
Traveler’s diarrhea
60 (6)
No control
More diarrhea, medical consultation, and stool negative for the pathogen
Ji et al. (2005) [13]
Korea
Shigellosis
15/101 (14.8)
6/102 (5.8%)
Diarrhea duration
Parry et al. (2005) [14]
UK
Bacteria
16/107 (15)
No control
Smoking
Kim et al. (2006) [15]
Korea
Shigella
13/95 (13.6)
4/105 (3.8%)
Pre-existing FBD other than IBS
Marshall et al. (2006) [16]
Canada
E. coli, Campylobacter
417/1368 (30.5)
71/701 (10.2%)
Young age, female, bloody stools, weight loss, and long diarrhea
Borgaonkar et al. (2006) [17]
Canada
Bacteria
7/191 (3.7)
No control
Fever during gastroenteritis
Stermer et al. (2006) [18]
Israel
Traveler’s diarrhea
16/118 (13.6)
7/287 (2.4%)
Female gender, abdominal pain, prolonged diarrhea, and antibiotic use
Marshall et al. (2007) [19]
Canada
Viral diarrhea
21/89 (23.6)
1/29 (3.4%)
Vomiting during gastroenteritis
Spence et al. (2007) [20]
New Zealand
Campylobacter
86/581 (14.8)
No control
Psychological co-morbidity and lack or rest during gastroenteritis
Hanevik et al. (2009) [21]
Norway
Giardia
66/82 (80.5)
No control
Not evaluated
Zanini et al. (2012) [22]
Italy
Norovirus
40/186 (21.5)
3/198 (1.5%)
Not evaluated
Cremon et al. (2014) [23]
Italy
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi
75/204 (36.8)
44/189 (23.3%)
Anxiety and functional dyspepsia
Persson et al. (2015) [24]
Norway
Giardia
224/724 (32)
96/847 (11.4%)
Not evaluated
Wadhwa et al. (2016) [25]
USA
Clostridium difficile
52/205 (25)
No control
Longer infection duration, current anxiety, and higher BMI
Andresen et al. (2016) [26]
Germany
Shiga-like toxin-producing E. coli
98/389 (25.3)
No control
Higher somatization and anxiety scores
Rahman and Ghoshal (2018) [27]
Bangladesh
E. coli, Campylobacter V. Cholera, Salmonella, Shigella, Aeromonas
57/345 (16.5)
9/345 (2.6%)
Dyspeptic symptoms, continuing bowel dysfunction, and weight loss
Current study (2019) [28]
India
E. coli, Campylobacter V. Cholerae, Salmonella, Shigella, Y. enterocolitica
35/136 (25.7)
No control
Younger age, prolonged duration of diarrhea, and abdominal cramps
IBS irritable bowel syndrome, HS healthy subject, FBD functional bowel disease, BMI body mass index
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Metadaten
Titel
Post-infection irritable bowel syndrome in the tropical and subtropical regions: Vibrio cholerae is a new cause of this well-known condition
verfasst von
Uday C. Ghoshal
M. Masudur Rahman
Publikationsdatum
09.05.2019
Verlag
Springer India
Erschienen in
Indian Journal of Gastroenterology / Ausgabe 2/2019
Print ISSN: 0254-8860
Elektronische ISSN: 0975-0711
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12664-019-00959-2

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