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26.02.2025 | Postoperative nausea and vomiting | CME

Update PO(N)V – Was gibt es Neues zu Prophylaxe und Therapie von Übelkeit und Erbrechen nach Operationen?

verfasst von: S. Knoth, B. Weber, H. Lotz, B. Vojnar, L. H. J. Eberhart

Erschienen in: Die Anaesthesiologie | Ausgabe 3/2025

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Zusammenfassung

Übelkeit und Erbrechen nach Operationen („postoperative nausea and vomiting“, PONV) ist definiert als gemeinsames oder einzelnes Auftreten von Übelkeit, Würgen und Erbrechen innerhalb von 24–48 h postoperativ. An der Entstehung von PONV sind peripheres und zentrales Nervensystem beteiligt. Die Pathogenese des PONV ist multifaktoriell. Es können patienten-, anästhesie- und operationsbedingte Risikofaktoren vorliegen. Einige der PONV-Risikofaktoren wurden zu PONV-Risikoscores (z. B. vereinfachter PONV-Risikoscore von Apfel et al.) zusammengefasst, mithilfe derer das PONV-Risiko mit einer Sensitivität und Spezifizität von 65–70 % geschätzt werden kann. Für bestimmte Kollektive sind spezialisierte PONV-Risikoscores zu bevorzugen. Die antiemetische Strategie gliedert sich in drei Bereiche: Modifikation des Anästhesieverfahrens sowie pharmakologische und nichtpharmakologische Interventionen. Diese können einzeln oder im Sinne einer multimodalen PONV-Prophylaxe kombiniert angewandt werden.

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Titel: Update PO(N)V – Was gibt es Neues zu Prophylaxe und Therapie von Übelkeit und Erbrechen nach Operationen?
verfasst von: S. Knoth
B. Weber
H. Lotz
B. Vojnar
L. H. J. Eberhart
Publikationsdatum: 26.02.2025
Verlag: Springer Medizin
Schlagwörter: Postoperative nausea and vomiting
Erbrechen
Übelkeit
Dexamethason
AINS
Erschienen in: Die Anaesthesiologie / Ausgabe 3/2025
Print ISSN: 2731-6858
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-6866
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00101-025-01510-z

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