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Erschienen in: Der Schmerz 1/2021

20.01.2021 | Schwerpunkt

Prädiktion und Prävention chronischer postoperativer Schmerzen

verfasst von: Univ.-Prof. Dr. med. Esther Pogatzki-Zahn

Erschienen in: Der Schmerz | Ausgabe 1/2021

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Zusammenfassung

Chronische postoperative Schmerzen sind ein klinisch und gesellschaftspolitisch relevantes Problem. Eine Prävention der Chronifizierungsprozesse ist potenziell möglich und könnte schon perioperativ beginnen. Die Evidenz für die Wirksamkeit bestimmter Präventionsmaßnahmen ist aber weitestgehend gering. Wichtige Gründe für dieses Dilemma sind eine fehlende Identifikation von Risikofaktoren sowie effektiven und mechanismenbasierten Präventionsmaßnahmen für den Chronifizierungsprozess, eine fehlende Stratifizierung der Behandlung und eine bisher kaum untersuchte Kombination verschiedener Behandlungsansätze. In diesem Übersichtsbeitrag werden neue Erkenntnisse zur geeigneten Identifikation von Risikopatienten für eine Schmerzchronifizierung nach Operationen vorgestellt, prädiktive Modelle zur validen Einschätzung des individuellen Risikos von Patienten bewertet und Studien zur medikamentösen und regionalanalgetischen Beeinflussung des Schmerzchronifizierungsprozesses diskutiert. Da ein Chronifizierungsprozess komplex und dynamisch ist und im Verlauf des Prozesses auch Anpassungen der Prävention erfordert, haben möglicherweise nur Kombinationstherapien, interdisziplinäre und gegebenenfalls sogar längerfristige Maßnahmen Erfolg. Studien müssen zeigen, mit welchen präventiven Maßnahmen bei welchen Risikopatienten chronische Schmerzen nach Operationen effektiv verhindert werden können.
Fußnoten
1
Da die Literatur zu diesem Thema umfassend ist, die Zeitschrift Der Schmerz aber eine Limitierung der Zitate setzt, werden vorwiegend Übersichtsbeiträge, systematische Reviews und Cochrane-Analysen zitiert. Informationen zu Einzelstudien können bei der Autorin erfragt werden.
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Prädiktion und Prävention chronischer postoperativer Schmerzen
verfasst von
Univ.-Prof. Dr. med. Esther Pogatzki-Zahn
Publikationsdatum
20.01.2021
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Der Schmerz / Ausgabe 1/2021
Print ISSN: 0932-433X
Elektronische ISSN: 1432-2129
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00482-020-00525-2

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