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Erschienen in: Die Gynäkologie 12/2020

23.11.2020 | Präeklampsie | Leitthema

Die etwas andere Dopplersonographie – Zeichen der Pulswellenreflexion bei Mutter und (ungeborenem) Kind

verfasst von: PD Dr. med. Markus Gonser

Erschienen in: Die Gynäkologie | Ausgabe 12/2020

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Die Bilder einer systolischen Schulter im Dopplermuster der A. cerebri media (ACM) des Feten oder der A. uterina (A. ut.) der Mutter bei schwerer Präeklampsie (PE) sind sicher vielen Untersuchern begegnet. Bisher scheint es keine schlüssige Erklärung für diese Veränderungen zu geben.

Fragestellung

Hämodynamische Untersuchungen belegen, dass Vasokonstriktion und PW(Pulswellen)-Reflexion im systemischen Kreislauf mit dem Auftreten einer systolischen Schulter in systemischen und v. a. in zerebralen Gefäßen einhergehen. Damit stellt sich die Frage, ob diese Dopplerveränderungen bei Mutter und (ungeborenem) Kind als Folge erhöhter peripherer Vasokonstriktion interpretiert werden können.

Material und Methode

In der Hämodynamik ist das Modell der PW-Ausbreitung und -Reflexion gut etabliert. Bei schwerer PE wird damit die PW-Reflexionszeit Tr (= Transitzeit bis zur Reflexion und zurück) ermittelt und mit dem Intervall bis zur systolischen Schulter in der A. ut. verglichen. Übertragen auf den fetalen Kreislauf werden mithilfe der PW-Geschwindigkeit in der Aorta und der funktionellen Reflexionsdistanz die PW-Reflexionszeit beim Feten ermittelt und mit dem Intervall bis zur ACM-Schulter verglichen.

Ergebnisse

Die Berechnung der jeweiligen PW-Reflexionszeit Tr ergab eine gute Übereinstimmung mit den beobachteten Zeitintervallen ∆t bis zur systolischen Schulter im Dopplerbefund. Die Gabe von Vasodilatatoren führte zur Abnahme bzw. zum Verschwinden der systolischen Schulter.

Diskussion

Die Ergebnisse belegen die Validität des PW-Modells, d. h.: Die systolische Schulter im Dopplerbefund der A. ut. und der ACM kann als Zeichen der PW-Reflexion infolge peripherer Vasokonstriktion interpretiert werden. Dies ist prospektiv von Nutzen beim Monitoring der progredienten PE und in der ACM als Indikator für fetale Stressreaktionen.
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Metadaten
Titel
Die etwas andere Dopplersonographie – Zeichen der Pulswellenreflexion bei Mutter und (ungeborenem) Kind
verfasst von
PD Dr. med. Markus Gonser
Publikationsdatum
23.11.2020
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Schlagwort
Präeklampsie
Erschienen in
Die Gynäkologie / Ausgabe 12/2020
Print ISSN: 2731-7102
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7110
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00129-020-04712-1

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