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Erschienen in: Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz 9/2014

01.09.2014 | Leitthema

Pränatale, geschlechtsspezifische Programmierung und chronische Erkrankungen oder Finis Ab Orígine Pendet

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. P.C. Arck, K. Hecher

Erschienen in: Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz | Ausgabe 9/2014

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Zusammenfassung

Über die letzten 5 Jahrzehnte wurden erhöhte Prävalenzen/Inzidenzen für chronisch immunologische Erkrankungen, wie beispielsweise Allergien, multiple Sklerose, Diabetes mellitus vom Typ 2, aber auch für Adipositas, kardiovaskuläre und psychiatrische Erkrankungen verzeichnet. Da sich das menschliche Genom während der letzten Jahrzehnte auf DNA-Ebene nicht signifikant verändert hat, werden Gen-Umwelt-Interaktionen und damit assoziierte epigenetische Prozesse als ursächlich für diese Erhöhung diskutiert. In diesem Zusammenhang wird der Pränatalphase eine besondere Vulnerabilität zugesprochen, da das Risiko für die Ausprägung von Erkrankungen im späteren Leben über vorgeburtlich wirkende Umwelteinflüsse erhöht werden kann. Dieses als „pränatale Programmierung von Gesundheit oder Krankheit“ beschriebene Phänomen wird derzeit auf wissenschaftlicher und klinischer Ebene intensiv beforscht, um zukünftig Richtlinien zur primären Krankheitsprävention ableiten zu können. Während die Erkenntnisse aus diesen Forschungsansätzen graduell Einblicke in die der fetalen Programmierung zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen erlauben, sind hier geschlechtsspezifische Zusammenhänge noch weitestgehend unklar. Eine stärkere Berücksichtigung des Geschlechts in aktuellen und zukünftigen Studien ist daher dringend erforderlich.
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Metadaten
Titel
Pränatale, geschlechtsspezifische Programmierung und chronische Erkrankungen oder Finis Ab Orígine Pendet
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. P.C. Arck
K. Hecher
Publikationsdatum
01.09.2014
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz / Ausgabe 9/2014
Print ISSN: 1436-9990
Elektronische ISSN: 1437-1588
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-014-2015-3

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