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Erschienen in: Der Gynäkologe 1/2018

08.11.2017 | Ultraschall | Leitthema

Das Ersttrimester-Screening

Ein Auslaufmodell in der Ära der zellfreien DNA?

verfasst von: Dr. P. Wagner, Prof. Dr. M. Hoopmann, Prof. Dr. K. O. Kagan

Erschienen in: Die Gynäkologie | Ausgabe 1/2018

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Im Lauf der letzten Jahrzehnte hat sich das Ersttrimesterscreening (ETS) zu einem komplexen Test entwickelt, der auf zahlreiche Komplikationen abzielt. Durch die zellfreie DNA-Analyse (cfDNA) ist nun für die häufigsten Chromosomenstörungen ein weiteres nichtinvasives Testverfahren mit beeindruckender Detektions- und Falsch-positiv-Rate verfügbar. Da seine Testgüte besser ist als die des ETS wird zunehmend ein Wechsel auf die cfDNA-Analyse diskutiert.

Fragestellung

Sollte des ETS durch die cfDNA-Analyse abgelöst werden?

Ergebnisse

Auch wenn die Testgüte der cfDNA-Analyse im Screening auf Trisomie 21 besser ist als die des ETS, sollte doch die Relevanz des ETS nicht unterschätzt werden. Die dem ETS vorangestellte eingehende Ultraschalluntersuchung ermöglicht es, das Risiko für andere, nicht durch die cfDNA-Analyse erkennbare Chromosomenstörungen zu beurteilen. Als Hinweiszeichen sind vor allem die erhöhte Nackentransparenzdicke (NT) und das Vorliegen fetaler Fehlbildungen zu nennen; in diesen Fällen sollte eine diagnostische Punktion erwogen werden. Zudem ist die frühe Diagnose von Fehlbildungen per se sinnvoll, um bei der Planung nicht in Zeitdruck zu geraten. Des Weiteren gewinnt das Präeklampsiescreening im Rahmen des ETS zunehmend an Bedeutung, da mit Acetylsalicylsäure auch eine Therapieoption zur Verfügung steht. Daneben sollten der unschätzbare Wert der Bestimmung des Gestationsalters sowie das Erkennen von Mehrlingen und deren Chorionizität durch das ETS nicht unerwähnt bleiben.

Schlussfolgerung

Das Screening auf Trisomie 21 wird absehbar mithilfe der cfDNA-Analyse erfolgen. Dennoch ist das vorangestellte ETS mit seinen Möglichkeiten von großer Bedeutung für das Management der Schwangerschaft und sollte auch künftig weiter Bestand haben.
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Metadaten
Titel
Das Ersttrimester-Screening
Ein Auslaufmodell in der Ära der zellfreien DNA?
verfasst von
Dr. P. Wagner
Prof. Dr. M. Hoopmann
Prof. Dr. K. O. Kagan
Publikationsdatum
08.11.2017
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die Gynäkologie / Ausgabe 1/2018
Print ISSN: 2731-7102
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7110
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00129-017-4165-5

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