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Erschienen in: Der Anaesthesist 11/2003

01.11.2003 | Allgemeinanästhesie

Präoperative Nahrungskarenz

Ein update

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. C. D. Spies, J. P. Breuer, R. Gust, M. Wichmann, M. Adolph, M. Senkal, U. Kampa, W. Weissauer, A. Schleppers, E. Soreide, E. Martin, U. Kaisers, K. J. Falke, N. Haas, W. J. Kox

Erschienen in: Die Anaesthesiologie | Ausgabe 11/2003

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Zusammenfassung

Die Anordnung einer strikten Nahrungskarenz nach Mitternacht vor operativen Eingriffen in Narkose ist die geläufige Praxis in chirurgischen Einrichtungen in Deutschland. Das damit verfolgte Ziel ist eine Reduktion des perioperativen Aspirationsrisikos. Seit mehreren Jahren wird die wissenschaftliche Grundlage dieser Verfahrensweise zunehmend kritisch diskutiert. Insbesondere für die präoperative Einnahme von Wasser und klarer Flüssigkeit zeigen experimentelle wie klinische Untersuchungen, dass von einer vollständigen Magenpassage innerhalb von 2 h sicher ausgegangen werden kann und das Risiko nach begrenztem Trinken bis 2 h vor elektiven Operationen in Allgemeinanästhesie nicht erhöht ist. Zudem sind perioperative Aspirationszwischenfälle sehr selten, haben eine gute Prognose und sind eher auf Faktoren wie mangelnde Narkosetiefe oder unzureichende Atemwegsprotektion zurückzuführen als auf den Nüchternheitsstatus des Patienten. Folglich haben zahlreiche nationale anästhesiologische Gesellschaften im Sinne eines verbesserten perioperativen Wohlbefindens der Patienten ihre offiziellen Leitlinien zur präoperativen Nüchternheit geändert und empfehlen unter Berücksichtigung definierter Einschränkungen und Kontraindikationen einen gelockerten Umgang mit der Einnahme flüssiger wie fester Nahrung vor elektiven Eingriffen. Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt eine zusammenfassende Übersicht über die Hintergründe, auf denen diese national erstellten Leitlinien beruhen, mit der Absicht auch für Deutschland eine Empfehlung zur Lockerung der präoperativen Nüchternheit für klare Flüssigkeiten vorzuschlagen.
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Metadaten
Titel
Präoperative Nahrungskarenz
Ein update
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. C. D. Spies
J. P. Breuer
R. Gust
M. Wichmann
M. Adolph
M. Senkal
U. Kampa
W. Weissauer
A. Schleppers
E. Soreide
E. Martin
U. Kaisers
K. J. Falke
N. Haas
W. J. Kox
Publikationsdatum
01.11.2003
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Die Anaesthesiologie / Ausgabe 11/2003
Print ISSN: 2731-6858
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-6866
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00101-003-0573-0

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