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Erschienen in: Herz 1/2020

28.01.2020 | Prävention und Rehabilitation in der Kardiologie | Schwerpunkt

Lebensstilintervention in der Primärprävention von kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen

verfasst von: Dr. med. Verena Heinicke, Univ.-Prof. Dr. med. Martin Halle

Erschienen in: Herz | Ausgabe 1/2020

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Zusammenfassung

Kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen sind die führende Todesursache weltweit. In der Primärprävention haben Lebensstilfaktoren einen hohen Stellenwert und können das Risiko für kardiale Erkrankungen um bis zu 70 % reduzieren. Zu diesem Lebensstil gehören sowohl nach europäischen als auch nach amerikanischen Leitlinien das lebenslange Nichtrauchen, eine kardioprotektive Ernährung (niedriger Anteil gesättigter Fettsäuren, hoher Anteil an ungesättigten Fettsäuren, salzarm), möglichst tägliche körperliche Aktivität von mindestens 150 min/Woche bei moderater oder 75 min/Woche bei höher intensiver körperlicher Aktivität, ein Körpergewicht mit einem Body-Mass-Index zwischen 20 und 25 kg/m2, arterielle Blutdruckwerte unter 140/90 mm Hg (optimal: <130/80 mm Hg) sowie LDL(„low-density lipoprotein“)-Cholesterin-Zielwerte in Abhängigkeit vom kardiovaskulären Risiko und ein normaler Glukosestoffwechsel bei Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 mit einer Einstellung des HbA1c unter 7 %. Lebensstilmaßnahmen mit Gewichtsreduktion und Intensivierung der körperlichen Aktivität können kardiometabolische Risikofaktoren verbessern. So sind Senkungen des systolischen und diastolischen Blutdrucks von etwa 10–15 mm Hg, HbA1c-Senkungen von etwa 1 % und Triglyzeridsenkungen von zirka 30–40 % möglich. LDL-Cholesterin und Lipoprotein(a) können kaum beeinflusst werden. Jenseits der Empfehlungen zum kardioprotektiven Lebensstil ist ggf. in Abhängigkeit vom kardiovaskulären Risikoprofil zusätzlich eine medikamentöse Therapie indiziert.
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Metadaten
Titel
Lebensstilintervention in der Primärprävention von kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen
verfasst von
Dr. med. Verena Heinicke
Univ.-Prof. Dr. med. Martin Halle
Publikationsdatum
28.01.2020

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Müdigkeit und Erschöpfung sind meist die ersten Symptome eines Vitamin-B12-Mangels. Wird das Defizit nicht rechtzeitig behandelt, drohen mitunter schwerwiegende Folgen. Lesen Sie hier, was bei der Therapie zu beachten ist.

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Vitamin-B12-Mangel durch Arzneimittel

Einige häufig verordnete Medikamente wie das orale Antidiabetikum Metformin oder Protonenpumpeninhibitoren (PPI) können einen Mangel an Vitamin B12 verursachen. Bei einer Langzeitmedikation mit diesen Wirkstoffen sollte daher an ein mögliches Defizit gedacht werden. Erfahren Sie hier, worauf dabei zu achten ist.

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Vitamin-B12-Mangel – Aktuelles Basiswissen für die Praxis.

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Ein Mangel an Vitamin B12 tritt in bestimmten Risikogruppen häufig auf. Diese Patienten sind auch regelmäßig in Ihrer Praxis. Wird der Mangel nicht rechtzeitig behandelt, drohen mitunter schwerwiegende Folgen. Erhalten Sie hier einen Überblick über aktuelles Basiswissen für den Praxisalltag.

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