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Erschienen in: Der Orthopäde 1/2012

01.01.2012 | Leitthema

Prävention von Infektionen bei offenen Frakturen heute

Ein evidenzbasierter systematischer Review

verfasst von: Dr. S. Grote, H. Polzer, W.C. Prall, S. Gill, S. Shafizadeh, M. Banerjee, B. Bouillon, H. Bäthis

Erschienen in: Die Orthopädie | Ausgabe 1/2012

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Die Behandlung offener Frakturen stellt immer noch eine interdisziplinäre Herausforderung dar. Über den Erfolg insbesondere neuartiger Behandlungsmaßnahmen offener Frakturen ist kaum etwas bekannt.

Methode

Die systematische Literaturanalyse erfolgte in den elektronischen Datenbanken für die Jahre 1974 bis September 2011. Eingeschlossen wurden klinische Studien mit >5 erwachsenen Patienten in deutscher, englischer und französischer Sprache. Die Bewertung der Studien erfolgte nach den Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine(CEBM)-Kriterien.

Ergebnisse

Von über 855 analysierten Artikeln konnten nach den Einschluss-/Ausschluss Kriterien 49 in unsere evidenzbasierten Empfehlungen einfließen.
Empfehlungsgrad A: Frühzeitige Antibiotikatherapie bei allen offenen Frakturen gegen grampositives Keimspektrum und ab offenen Frakturen Typ III zusätzliche Antibiotika gegen das gramnegatives Keimspektrum. Frühzeitiges radikales, operatives Débridement
Empfehlungsgrad B: Antibiotikatherapie offener Frakturen Typ III für mindestens 72 bzw. bis 24 h nach Wundverschluss. Eine Vakuumtherapie sollte ab offenen Frakturen Typ III erwogen werden, sofern ein Wundverschluss nicht spannungsfrei möglich ist.
Empfehlungsgrad C: Lokale Antibiotika können in Kombination mit systemischen Antibiotika eventuell die Infektrate reduzieren. Eine definitive Defektdeckung auch bei Vakuumtherapie soll möglichst innerhalb einer Woche erfolgen.

Diskussion

Die evidenzbasierte Analyse der Behandlung offener Frakturen zeigt, dass v. a. im Bereich der Antibiotikatherapie und des operativen Débridements sehr gute Evidenz vorliegt. Neuartige Therapieverfahren wie die Vakuumtherapie können, falls Hautdefekte nach Débridement bestehen bleiben, empfohlen werden.
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Metadaten
Titel
Prävention von Infektionen bei offenen Frakturen heute
Ein evidenzbasierter systematischer Review
verfasst von
Dr. S. Grote
H. Polzer
W.C. Prall
S. Gill
S. Shafizadeh
M. Banerjee
B. Bouillon
H. Bäthis
Publikationsdatum
01.01.2012
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Die Orthopädie / Ausgabe 1/2012
Print ISSN: 2731-7145
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7153
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00132-011-1839-x

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