Background
Methods
Search strategy
Search terms | |
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1. Set of entry criteria | ((((((mass casualty incident) OR major incident) OR multiple casualty incident) OR mass casualty event) OR terrorism) OR terrorist attack)) |
2. Set of entry criteria | ((((mass shooting) OR shooting) OR gunshot) OR firearm) OR active shooter) |
3. Set of entry crtieria | ((((pre hospital management) OR pre hospital care) OR emergency medical services) OR emergency medical management) |
4. Final search | 1 AND 2 AND 3 |
Selection criteria
Data extraction and quality appraisal
Results
Identification
Quality appraisal
Civilian Mass Shooting | Fair Child base | Dunblane School | Columbine School | West Nickles Mines | Virginia Tech | Mumbai | Fort Hood Base 1 | Cumbria | Utoya Island | Tuscon | Dark Knight Cinema | Minneapolis Work Place | Westgate Shopping Centre | Columbia Mall | Fort Hood Base 2 | Charlie Hebdo | Paris attacks | ||||||
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Author | Beyersdorf et al. | Cullen et al. | Mell et al. | Ressel et al. | Kaplowitz et al. | Timothy et al. | Roy et al. | Wild et al. | Chesterman et al. | Sollid et al. | Waage et al. | Barr et al. | Lindique et al. | Johnson et al. | Koehler et al. | Autrey et al. | Wachira et al. | Levy et al. | Strommen et al. | Tourtier et al. | Hirsch et al. | Phillipe et al. | Lawrence et al. |
Year of shooting | 1994 | 1996 | 1999 | 2006 | 2007 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2011 | 2011 | 2012 | 2012 | 2012 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2014 | 2015 | 2015 | 2015 | 2015 |
1. Number of studies describing the incidents? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | ||||||
2. Literature indexed? |
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3. Authors involved in medical response? |
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4. Reference to data sources provided? |
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5. Conflict of interests depicted? |
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6. Ethical approval provided? |
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7. EMS structure described? |
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8. Incident clearly described? |
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9. Indications of missing data? |
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10. Other limitations discussed? |
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11. Study design clearly described? |
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Data extraction
Year of shooting | Author | Mass shooting | Manuscript | Use of TEMS | Scene safety concerns for EMS and delay of treatment | Triage identified as an area for improvement or concern | Type of triage tool used | Support for triage performed by experienced practitioners | Disaster preparedness training important | Communication improvement |
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2015 | Tourtier et al. | Charlie Hebdo | Commentary | N | - | - | - | - | - | - |
2015 | Hirsch et al. | Paris attacks | Case report | N | Y | - | - | Y | Y | - |
2015 | Phillipe et al. | Paris attacks | Case report | N | - | - | - | - | Y | Y |
2015 | Lawrence et al. | Paris attacks | Commentary | Y | Y | N | FTS | Y | - | - |
2014 | Levy et al. | Columbia Mall | Commentary | Y | Y | - | - | - | - | - |
2014 | Strommen et al. | Fort Hood Base 2 | Case report | N | - | Y | SMART | _ | Y | Y |
2013 | Wachira et al. | Westgate Shopping Centre | Case report | N | Y | Y | - | - | Y | - |
2012 | Johnson et al. | Dark Knight Cinema | Commentary | N | Y | - | - | - | Y | Y |
2012 | Koehler et al. | Dark Knight cinema | Case report | N | - | - | - | - | Y | Y |
2012 | Autrey et al. | Minneapolis Work Place | Case report | Y | N | - | - | - | Y | N |
2011 | Sollid et al. | Utoya Island | Case report | N | Y | Y | - | Y | Y | Y |
2011 | Waage et al. | Utoya Island | Case report | N | - | Y | - | - | - | Y |
2011 | Barr et al. | Tuscon | Commentary | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
2010 | Chesterman et al. | Cumbria | Judicial report | Y | Y | N | - | - | Y | Y |
2009 | Wild et al. | Fort Hood Base 1 | Case report | N | Y | Y | LTP | - | - | Y |
2008 | Roy et al. | Mumbai | Case report | N | Y | N | - | - | - | - |
2007 | Kaplowitz et al. | Virginia Tech | Case report | - | - | Y | START | - | Y | Y |
2007 | Timothy et al. | Virginia Tech | Case report | Y | Y | - | START | Y | Y | |
2006 | Ressel R et al. | West Nickles Mines | Case report | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
1999 | Mell H et al. | Columbine School | Case report | N | Y | Y | - | - | Y | Y |
1996 | Cullen, et al. | Dunblane School | Judicial report | N | - | N | - | - | Y | y |
1994 | Beyersdorf, et al. | Fair Child Base | Case report | N | Y | Y | P | Y | Y | Y |
Number of supporting manuscripts | 5 | 12 | 8 | 4 | 14 | 13 |