Background
Methods
Design and sample
Design
Care home settings
Data collection procedure
Measures
Dependent variable: Involvement in activities
Activities MDS-RAI
|
Range time involved
|
Mean
|
SD
| |
---|---|---|---|---|
1
|
Playing cards, games, puzzles
|
0–420
|
18.25
|
44.60
|
2
|
Using the computer
|
0–90
|
0.16
|
3.35
|
3
|
Talking or making a phone call
a
|
0–600
|
45.15
|
66.21
|
4
|
Handwork or art
|
0–360
|
6.66
|
28.42
|
5
|
Dancing
|
0–120
|
1.61
|
9.70
|
6
|
Exercise or sports
|
0–180
|
9.82
|
21.04
|
7
|
Gardening, taking care of plants
|
0–120
|
1.07
|
7.59
|
8
|
Helping others
|
0–90
|
1.99
|
8.69
|
9
|
Music or singing
a
|
0–540
|
30.91
|
52.92
|
10
|
Pets
|
0–360
|
4.40
|
20.43
|
11
|
Reading, writing, cross-word puzzles
|
0–630
|
17.72
|
52.99
|
12
|
Spiritual or religious activities
|
0–360
|
14.76
|
35.82
|
13
|
Excursion or shopping
|
0–720
|
15.87
|
52.42
|
14
|
Take a walk outside
|
0–540
|
25.38
|
50.08
|
15
|
Watching TV or listening to the radio
a
|
0–2100
|
140.43
|
205.93
|
16
|
Domestic tasks
|
0–370
|
6.84
|
24.12
|
17
|
Cooking
|
0–300
|
5.57
|
19.31
|
18
|
Conversation groups
|
0–360
|
6.42
|
22.36
|
19
|
‘Snoezelen’ or sensory stimulation
|
0–420
|
5.34
|
22.57
|
20
|
Beauty activities (manicure, hairdressing, make-up)
|
0–240
|
9.74
|
19.30
|
Predictor variables
Proposed factor in literature
|
Selected variables in LAD-study
|
Measurement specifications
|
---|---|---|
Characteristics of residents with dementia
| ||
Age
|
1. Age
|
Years acquired by date of birth (42 to 101)
|
Gender
|
2. Gender
|
Male or female
|
Marital status
|
3. Having a life partner
|
Life partner yes or no/diseased
|
Length of stay
|
5. Length of stay
|
< 6 months or >6 months
|
ADL dependency
|
6. ADL dependency
|
Katz ADL dependency scale (1 to 7)
|
Immobility
|
7. Immobility
|
Transfer-item of Katz scale was dichotomized in mobile (being able to transfer independently with or without instrumental means) and immobile (hardly or not able to transfer independently)
|
Cognitive functioning
|
8. Cognitive impairment
|
Cognitive Performance Scale (CPS; 0 to 6)
|
Behavioral symptoms
|
9. Challenging behavior
|
Short version Neuropsychiatric Inventory questionnaire (NPI-Q; 0 to 36)
|
depression
|
10. Depression
|
The separate NPI-Q items for depression, agitation, anxiety, and apathy were dichotomized into no or rare occurrence, and frequent occurrence.
|
agitation
|
11. Agitation
| |
anxiety
|
12. Anxiety
| |
passivity, apathy (loss of interest or lack of motivation)
|
13. Apathy
| |
Characteristics of resources of finances, staff ratio and educational level
| ||
Staff ratio / shortness of time and resources
|
14. Staffing levels
|
Hours of care staff available per week per resident on dementia care wards (13.86 to 30.48)
|
Insufficient knowledge of dementia / lack of skills / Formal staff training
|
15. Educational level of care staff
|
Percentage of scheduled care staff with education level 3 (certified nursing assistant) or higher (22.70 to 100)
|
Ratio receiving professional or unprofessional treatment / Involvement of physicians or paramedics in care planning
|
16. Availability of (para)medics
|
Number of available hours of (para)medic staff per week per resident of dementia care wards (0 to 5.06)
|
Instability of care team / High staff turnover / leave of skilled staff that were not replaced
|
17. Number of vacancies
|
Number of care staff vacancies per resident of dementia ward that were not yet fulfilled (0 to 0.22)
|
18. Average sick leave
|
Average percentage of sick leave of the past 6 months concerning staff working on dementia care wards (0.82 to 17.0)
| |
Characteristics of modern or traditional care culture of the care facility
| ||
Strong management and leadership
|
19. Transformational leadership
|
Global Transformational Leadership (GTL) scale (1 to 5)
|
Person centered care / approach to people with dementia/ positive person work / insufficient attention to resident’s occupational needs, initiatives and capabilities / Lack of understanding importance of occupation / Task oriented working / Prioritization of physical over psychosocial needs / Organizational routines limiting autonomy of residents/ Family involved in assessment activities
|
20. Person-centered care
|
Person-centered Care Assessment Tool (P-CAT; 1 to 5). 12 of the 14 items were used based on factor analyses: items 4 and 13 were dropped
|
21. Family perceived involvement
|
Family Perception of Caregiver Role (FPCR) instrument (1 to 7). 23 of the 31 items were used based on factor analyses: items 3–6, 8, 13, 14 and 17 were dropped.
| |
Philosophy of care
|
22. Philosophy of care
|
Unanimity in care philosophy questionnaire (1 to 5)
|
Psychotropic / anticholinergic / antipsychotic / sedative drug use
|
23. Psychotropic drug use
|
Average number of prescribed psychotropic drugs per resident (0.17 to 2.38)
|
Use of physical restraints
|
24. Physical restraint use
|
Average number of physical restraints applied per resident (bed rails not included; 0 to 0.74)
|
Characteristics of job strain as perceived by care staff
| ||
Perceived high workload / lack of time / emotional and task related demands / work stress
|
25. Job demands
|
Work and time pressure subscale of the Leiden Quality of Work Questionnaire (LQWQ; 1 to 4)
|
26. Decision authority
|
Decision authority subscale of the LQWQ (1 to 4)
| |
27. Burn-out complaints
|
emotional exhaustion subscale Utrecht Burn-out Scale-C (UBOS; 0 to 6)
| |
Work satisfaction
|
28. Job satisfaction
|
Job satisfaction subscale LQWQ (1 to 4)
|
Perceived support of staff
|
29. Social support colleagues
|
Social support co-workers subscales LQWQ (1 to 4)
|
Perceived support of manager
|
30. Social support supervisor
|
Social support supervisor subscales LQWQ (1 to 4)
|
Competence to provide suited activities / Perceived success in treatment of residents
|
31. Feelings of competence
|
Feelings of competence subscale UBOS (0 to 6)
|
Characteristics of the physical care environment
| ||
Number of residents in facility / smaller size of facility
|
32. Total number of residents of care home
|
Total number of residents of the dementia care wards of care home (6 to 161)
|
Small scale living facility / Familiar environment / homelike environment or atmosphere / household environment / social interaction enhancing environment / small group of people
|
33. Group living home care characteristics
|
14-item version of the Questionnaire ‘Group Living Home Characteristics’ (0 to 56)
|
Characteristics of the organization of activities
| ||
(Absence of) large group activity offer or standardized activities/ Individual and small group activity offer / lack of organized activities / activity choices / availability of various and ongoing or continuous activities / focus on everyday occupation
|
34. Central activity program
|
Are there activities organized by a central activity program, are there activities that are offered in the living rooms, and are there activities organized in the form of in clubs (more options are possible) – all variables dichotomized in yes or no.
|
35. Activities that are offered in the living rooms
| ||
36. Activities in the form of in clubs
| ||
Activity provision not restricted to activity workers / no specialized worker perspective
|
37. Activities are (also) offered by care staff
|
yes or no
|
Activities provided by recreational staff / absence of activity staff
|
38. Availability of recreational or activity staff
|
Number of available hours per week per resident of dementia care wards (0 to 4.71)
|
Family involvement (hr/week)
|
39. Availability of help of family caregivers
|
Number of hours of help from family caregivers per week per resident (0 to 4.20)
|
40. Availability of help of volunteers
|
Number of hours of help from volunteers per week per resident (0 to 6.67)
|
Analysis
Results
Sample
Characteristics of the participants
Overall sample
|
Type 1 CH
a
|
Type 2 CH
a
|
Type 3 CH
a
|
Type 4 CH
a
|
Type 5 CH
a
| |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables
(if applicable: range)
|
M (SD) or n (%)
|
M (SD) or n (%)
|
M (SD) or n (%)
|
M (SD) or n (%)
|
M (SD) or n (%)
|
M (SD) or n (%)
|
1. Resident characteristics
|
n = 1218
|
n = 249
|
n = 268
|
n = 242
|
n = 236
|
n = 223
|
Age
(42–101)
|
M 84.10 (SD 7.42)
|
M 82.77 (SD 8.51)
|
M 85.62 (SD 6.10)
|
M 83.65 (SD 7.49
|
M 84.19 (SD 6.41)
|
M 84.16 (SD 8.21)
|
Female residents
|
n 921 (% 75.7)
|
n 189 (% 75.9)
|
n 213 (% 79.5)
|
n 165 (% 68.2)
|
n 178 (% 75.4)
|
n 176 (% 78.9)
|
Residents with life partner
|
n 301 (% 24.7)
|
n 72 (% 28.9)
|
n 64 (% 23.9)
|
n 57 (% 23.6)
|
n 50 (% 21.2)
|
n 58 (% 26.0)
|
Residents with length of stay 6 months or more
|
n 1067 (% 87.6)
|
n 218 (% 87.5)
|
n 231 (% 85.8)
|
n 216 (% 89.2)
|
n 207 (% 87.7)
|
n 196 (% 87.9)
|
CPS overall score
(0–6)
|
M 3.99 (SD 1.46)
|
M 4.11 (SD 1.46)
|
M 4.00 (SD 1.49)
|
M 4.14 (SD 1.44
|
M 3.80 (SD 1.49)
|
M 3.87 (SD 1.40)
|
Residents with mild to moderate cognitive impairment
(CPS 0–3)
|
n 408 (% 33.6)
|
n 76 (% 30.5)
|
n 95 (% 35.4)
|
n 67 (% 27.7)
|
n 89 (% 37.7)
|
n 81 (% 36.3)
|
Residents moderate to severe cognitive impairment
(CPS 4)
|
n 297 (% 24.4)
|
n 61 (% 24.5)
|
n 55 (% 20.5)
|
n 57 (% 23.6)
|
n 62 (% 26.3)
|
n 27.8 (% 27.8)
|
Residents with severe to very severe cognitive impairment
(CPS 5–6)
|
n 513 (% 42.1)
|
n 112 (% 45.0)
|
n 118 (% 44.0)
|
n 118 (% 48.8)
|
n 85 (% 36.0)
|
n 35.9 (% 35.9)
|
NPIQ
(0–36)
|
M 11.52 (SD 6.31)
|
M 11.50 (SD 6.87)
|
M 11.29 (SD 6.33)
|
M 11.75 (SD 6.09
|
M 11.45 (SD 6.19)
|
M 11.66 (SD 6.03)
|
Residents with agitation symptoms
|
n 329 (% 27.1)
|
n 73 (% 29.6)
|
n 80 (% 29.9)
|
n 66 (% 27.3)
|
n 60 (% 25.4)
|
n 50 (% 22.4)
|
Residents with depression symptoms
|
n 318 (% 26.1)
|
n 69 (% 27.5)
|
n 58 (% 21.6)
|
n 61 (% 25.3)
|
n 74 (% 31.4)
|
n 56 (% 25.1)
|
Residents with anxiety symptoms
|
n 262 (% 21.5)
|
n 47 (% 19.0)
|
n 60 (% 22.4)
|
n 52(% 21.5)
|
n 54 (% 22.9)
|
n 49 (% 22.0)
|
Residents with apathy symptoms
|
n 541 (% 44.5)
|
n 122 (% 49.0)
|
n 113 (% 42.2)
|
n 108 (% 44.6)
|
n 46.2 (% 46.2)
|
n 90 (% 40.4)
|
Katz ADL dependency
(1–7)
|
M 5.35 (SD 1.65)
|
M 5.49 (SD 1.61)
|
M 5.51 (SD 1.56)
|
M 5.35 (SD 1.69
|
M 5.20 (SD 1.71)
|
M 5.19 (SD 1.67)
|
Residents without or low ADL dependency
(Katz 1–3)
|
n 181 (% 14.9)
|
n 32 (% 12.9)
|
n 32(% 11.9)
|
n 40(% 16.5)
|
n 18.2(% 18.2)
|
n 34(% 15.2)
|
Residents dependent in various ADL domains
(Katz 4–6)
|
n 627 (% 51.5)
|
n 125 (% 50.2)
|
n 139(% 51.9)
|
n 117(% 48.3)
|
n 50.4(% 50.4)
|
n 127(% 57.0)
|
Residents dependent in all ADL domains
(Katz = 7)
|
n 410 (% 33.7)
|
n 92 (% 36.9)
|
n 97(% 36.2)
|
n 35.1(% 35.1)
|
n31.4(% 31.4)
|
n 62(% 27.8)
|
Residents independent in transferring (with or without aids)
|
n 651 (% 53.6)
|
n 125 (% 50.2)
|
135 (% 50.4)
|
133 (% 55.0)
|
129 (% 54.7)
|
94 (% 57.8)
|
Minutes involved in 17 listed activities during the past 3 days
(0–1125)
|
M 152.49 (SD 166.80)
|
M 120.66 (SD 150.32)
|
M 143.53 (SD 156.71)
|
M 136.08 (SD 163.07)
|
M 191.03 (SD 177.60)
|
M 175.84 (SD 178.46)
|
Residents ≤3 h involved in activities during past 3 days
|
n 822 (% 67.5)
|
n 186 (% 74.7)
|
n 180 (% 67.3)
|
n 183 (% 75.6)
|
n 133 (% 56.4)
|
n 140 (% 62.8)
|
Residents >3 h involved in activities during past 3 days
|
n 396 (% 32.5)
|
n 63 (% 25.3)
|
n 88 (% 32.7)
|
n 59 (% 24.4)
|
n 103 (% 43.6)
|
n 83 (% 37.2)
|
2. Characteristics of resources of finances, staff ratio and educational level
|
n = 139
|
n = 28
|
n = 30
|
n = 28
|
n = 28
|
n = 25
|
Staff ratio
(13.86–30.48)
|
M 20.86 (SD 3.61)
|
M 18.89 (SD 3.46)
|
M 20.49 (SD 3.57)
|
M 21.55 (SD 3.52)
|
M 21.59 (SD 3.24)
|
M 21.92 (SD 3.69)
|
Staff with education level 3 or higher
(22.70–100)
|
M 63.55 (SD 15.58)
|
M 58.27 (SD 13.83)
|
M 63.58 (SD 13.65)
|
M 67.49 (SD 18.76)
|
M 61.85 (SD 12.69)
|
M 66.97 (SD 17.67)
|
Average % of sickness leave
(0.82–17.0)
|
M 6.22 (SD 3.09)
|
M 7.10 (SD 2.00)
|
M 5.12 (SD 2.60)
|
M 5.96 (SD 2.62)
|
M 6.22 (SD 3.49)
|
M 6.86 (SD 3.51)
|
Number of vacancies per resident
(0–0.22)
|
M 0.016 (SD 0.034)
|
M 0.015 (SD 0.023)
|
M 0.013 (SD 0.028)
|
M 0.022 (SD 0.036)
|
M 0.022 (SD 0.052)
|
M 0.008 (SD 0.022)
|
Hours / week (para) medics per resident
(0–5.06)
|
M 1.32 (SD 0.93)
|
M 1.70 (SD 1.11)
|
M 1.24 (SD 0.92)
|
M 1.38 (SD 0.88)
|
M 0.91 (SD 0.55)
|
M 1.38 (SD 0.99)
|
3. Characteristics of modern or traditional care culture of the care facility
|
n = 139
|
n = 28
|
n = 30
|
n = 28
|
n = 28
|
n = 25
|
GTL
(1.55–4.81)
|
M 3.23 (SD 0.63)
|
M 3.13 (SD 0.67)
|
M 3.10 (SD 0.69)
|
M 3.29 (SD 0.65)
|
M 3.35 (SD 0.62)
|
M 3.30 (SD 0.54)
|
P-CAT
(2.76–4.35)
|
M 3.62 (SD 0.34)
|
M 3.36 (SD 0.33)
|
M 3.50 (SD 0.24)
|
M 3.73 (SD 0.26)
|
M 3.87 (SD 0.31)
|
M 3.62 (SD 0.31)
|
Unanimity in care philosophy
(2.39–4.57)
|
M 3.38 (SD 0.39)
|
M 3.19 (SD 0.33)
|
M 3.28 (SD 0.37)
|
M 3.53 (SD 0.32)
|
M 3.54 (SD 0.42)
|
M 3.35 (SD 0.37)
|
FPCR (
3.98–6.47)
|
M 5.51 (SD 0.46)
|
M 5.31 (SD 0.42)
|
M 5.38 (SD 0.45)
|
M 5.50 (SD 0.44)
|
M 5.74 (SD 0.39)
|
M 5.66 (SD 0.43)
|
Number of psychotropic drugs per resident
(0.17–2.38)
|
M 0.90 (SD 0.36)
|
M 1.08 (SD 0.41)
|
M 0.84 (SD 0.33)
|
M 0.92 (SD 0.29)
|
M 0.74 (SD 0.36)
|
M 0.95 (SD 0.35)
|
Number of physical restraints per resident
(0–0.74)
|
M 0.11 (SD 0.13)
|
M 0.17 (SD 0.14)
|
M 0.12 (SD 0.18)
|
M 0.09 (SD 0.08)
|
M 0.09 (SD 0.12)
|
M 0.11 (SD 0.11)
|
4. Characteristics of workload as perceived by care staff (mean scores per care home)
|
n = 139
|
n = 28
|
n = 30
|
n = 28
|
n = 28
|
n = 25
|
LWQ Job satisfaction
(2.28–3.75)
|
M 3.04 (SD 0.26)
|
M 2.85 (SD 0.24)
|
M 3.04 (SD 0.22)
|
M 3.09 (SD 0.25)
|
M 3.20 (SD 0.25)
|
M 3.04 (SD 0.25)
|
LWQ Job demands
(1.70–3.20)
|
M 2.45 (SD 0.29)
|
M 2.70 (SD 0.25)
|
M 2.50 (SD 0.19)
|
M 2.41 (SD 0.27)
|
M 2.22 (SD 0.25)
|
M 2.41 (SD 0.27)
|
LWQ Autonomy
(2.33–4.00)
|
M 2.95 (SD 0.21)
|
M 2.82 (SD 0.21)
|
M 2.88 (SD 0.14)
|
M 2.98 (SD 0.17)
|
M 3.11 (SD 0.16)
|
M 2.98 (SD 0.25)
|
LWQ Social support manager
(2.17–3.68)
|
M 3.04 (SD 0.30)
|
M 2.97 (SD 0.35)
|
M 3.00 (SD 0.30)
|
M 3.06 (SD 0.34)
|
M 3.08 (SD 0.26)
|
M 3.09 (SD 0.26)
|
LWQ Social support coworkers
(2.40–3.88)
|
M 3.21 (SD 0.23)
|
M 3.15 (SD 0.23)
|
M 3.20 (SD 0.21)
|
M 3.25 (SD 0.20)
|
M 3.22 (SD 0.28)
|
M 3.20 (SD 0.48)
|
UBOS emotional exhaustion
(0.61–3.46)
|
M 1.76 (SD 0.52)
|
M 2.08 (SD 0.49)
|
M 1.82 (SD 0.57)
|
M 1.74 (SD 0.45)
|
M 1.47 (SD 0.41)
|
M 1.68 (SD 0.48)
|
UBOS Burnout personal competence (
3.71–5.79)
|
M 4.73 (SD 0.31)
|
M 4.53 (SD 0.30)
|
M 4.72 (SD 0.32)
|
M 4.76 (SD 0.25)
|
M 4.84 (SD 0.29)
|
M 4.82 (SD 0.33)
|
5. Characteristics of the physical care environment
|
n = 139
|
n = 28
|
n = 30
|
n = 28
|
n = 28
|
n = 25
|
Number of residents in facility
(6–161)
|
M 40.43 (SD 32.44)
|
M 69.54 (SD 38.68)
|
M 23.37 (SD 8.63)
|
M 60.61 (SD 34.03)
|
M 20.71 (SD 15.49)
|
M 27.80 (SD 16.14)
|
Number of residents per living room
(5–28)
|
M 9.26 (SD 3.88)
|
M 12.18 (SD 2.99)
|
M 12.09 (SD 4.84)
|
M 8.07 (SD 2.91)
|
M 6.41 (SD 0.87)
|
M 7.12 (SD 1.37)
|
Group living home care characteristics
(9–51)
|
M 31.32 (SD 10.59)
|
M 22.58 (SD 7.29)
|
M 22.47 (SD 5.74)
|
M 33.64 (SD 8.04)
|
M 42.04 (SD 5.48)
|
M 37.12 (SD 8.77)
|
6. Characteristics of the organization of activities
|
n = 139
|
n = 28
|
n = 30
|
n = 28
|
n = 28
|
n = 25
|
Care homes with activities arranged in clubs
|
75 (% 54.0)
|
n 21 (% 75.0)
|
n 11 (% 36.7)
|
n 19 (% 67.9)
|
n 9 (% 32.1)
|
n 15 (% 60.0)
|
Care homes with central activity program
|
119 (% 85.6)
|
n 25 (% 89.3)
|
n 25 (% 83.3)
|
n 26 (% 92.9)
|
n 23 (% 82.1)
|
n 20 (% 80.0)
|
Care homes with activities in living room
|
132 (% 95.0)
|
n 28 (% 100)
|
n 28 (% 93.3)
|
n 27 (% 96.4)
|
n 27 (% 96.4)
|
n 22 (% 88.0)
|
Care homes where activities are (also) offered by care staff
|
124 (% 89.2)
|
n 24 (% 85.7)
|
n 26 (% 86.7)
|
n 27 (% 96.4)
|
n 24 (% 85.7)
|
n 23 (% 92.0)
|
Hours / week recreational staff per resident
(0–4.71)
|
M 0.78 (SD 0.78)
|
M 1.12 (SD 0.85)
|
M 1.17 (SD 0.92)
|
M 0.75 (SD 0.50
|
M 0.12 (SD 0.19)
|
M 0.74 (SD 0.69)
|
Hours of help from family caregivers per resident per week
(0–4.20)
|
M 0.36 (SD 0.68)
|
M 0.24 (SD 0.53)
|
M 0.16 (SD 0.28)
|
M 0.33 (SD 0.67
|
M 0.66 (SD 0.81)
|
M 0.39 (SD 0.90)
|
Hours of help from volunteers per resident per week
(0–6.67)
|
M 1.06 (SD 1.08)
|
M 0.62 (SD 0.78)
|
M 0.89 (SD 0.57)
|
M 1.21 (SD 1.25
|
M 1.58 (SD 1.46)
|
M 0.95 (SD 0.93)
|
Residents’ characteristics
Staff ratio and educational level
Traditional vs. modern care culture
Job strain as perceived by staff
Physical care environment
Organization of activities
Results of blockwise analyses of predictors of activity involvement
Higher activity involvement
| |||
---|---|---|---|
B
|
SE
|
OR
| |
Block 1: characteristics of residents with dementia
| |||
Agitation
|
−.715***
|
.161
|
.489
|
Katz
|
−.212***
|
.047
|
.809
|
CPS
|
−.293***
|
.055
|
.746
|
Block 2: characteristics of resources of finances, staff ratio and educational level
| |||
Staff ratio
|
.040*
|
.017
|
1.492
|
Education level
|
.009*
|
.004
|
1.009
|
Block 3: characteristics of modern or traditional care culture
| |||
GTL
|
−.286*
|
.104
|
.751
|
FPCR
|
.315*
|
.141
|
1.370
|
Unity in Care Philosophy questionnaire
|
.484*
|
.170
|
1.623
|
Block 4: characteristics of job strain as perceived by staff
| |||
LQWQ Working demands
|
−1.100***
|
.247
|
.333
|
LQWQ Social support supervisor
|
−.784***
|
.232
|
.457
|
Block 5: characteristics of physical care environment
| |||
Total # of residents
|
−.008***
|
.002
|
.992
|
Group living home characteristics
|
.015*
|
.006
|
1.015
|
Block 6: characteristics of organization of activities
| |||
Activities in clubs
|
−.281*
|
.123
|
.755
|
Help of volunteers
|
.125*
|
.056
|
1.142
|
Resident characteristics
Resources of finances, staff ratio and educational level
Traditional vs. modern care culture
Job strain as perceived by staff
Physical care environment
Organization of activities
Results of the end model of predictors of activity involvement
Higher activity involvement
| |||
---|---|---|---|
B
|
SE
|
OR
| |
Agitation
|
−.713***
|
0.163
|
.490
|
Katz
|
−.217***
|
0.048
|
.805
|
CPS
|
−.293***
|
.056
|
.746
|
Education level staff
|
.012**
|
.004
|
1.012
|
LWQ Working demands
|
−.833**
|
.271
|
.435
|
LWQ Social supervisor support
|
−.822**
|
.251
|
.440
|
Number of residents at facility site
|
−.006**
|
.002
|
.994
|