Background
Methods
Study design
Inclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria
Testing indexes of plasma concentrations
Detailed assessment and grouping
Statistical analysis
Results
General patient characteristics
Characteristics | All Patients (n = 83) | PSD (n = 36) | Non-PSD (n = 47) |
P value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age, y, mean (SD) | 69.0(9.9) | 67.9(9.1) | 69.8(10.4) | 0.397 |
Sex | ||||
Male | 43(51.8) | 22(61.1) | 21(44.7) | 0.138 |
Female | 40(48.2) | 14(38.9) | 26(55.3) | |
Medical history | ||||
Hypertension | 59(71.1) | 24(66.7) | 35(74.5) | 0.437 |
Diabetes mellitus | 38(45.8) | 16(44.4) | 22(46.8) | 0.830 |
Atrial fibrillation | 13(15.7) | 4(11.1) | 9(19.2) | 0.318 |
Lesion location | ||||
Frontal | 24(28.9) | 15(41.7) | 9(19.2) | 0.025*
|
Temporal | 8(9.6) | 4(11.1) | 4(8.5) | 0.982 |
Parietal | 13(15.7) | 6(16.7) | 7(14.9) | 0.049*
|
Occipital | 7(8.4) | 3(8.3) | 4(8.5) | 1.000 |
Basal ganglia | 42(50.6) | 19(52.8) | 23(48.9) | 0.729 |
Cerebellum | 3(3.6) | 1(2.8) | 2(4.3) | 1.000 |
Brain stem | 12(14.2) | 4(11.1) | 8(17.0) | 0.448 |
Corona radiata | 34(41.0) | 16(44.4) | 18(38.3) | 0.573 |
Neurophysiological test scores, median (IQR) | ||||
NHISS | 1(1–2) | 3(1–6) | 1(0–2) | < 0.001#
|
HAMD | 2(0–6) | 9.4(8.5–10.8) | 0(0–1) | < 0.001#
|
HAMA | 2(0–7) | 6.5(5–9) | 0(0–1) | < 0.001#
|
MMSE | 27(25–30) | 25(22–27) | 29(26–30) | < 0.001#
|
Tests for biochemical indicators
Variables, mean(SD) | PSD (n = 36) | Non-PSD (n = 47) |
P value |
---|---|---|---|
TT3, μg/L | 1.1(0.2) | 1.3(0.2) | < 0.001#
|
TT4, μg/L | 79.8(10.6) | 81.1(11.0) | 0.587 |
TSH, uIU/mL | 1.6(0.9) | 1.5(0.7) | 0.629 |
LDL, mmol/L | 2.5(0.9) | 2.6(0.9) | 0.622 |
HDL, mmol/L | 1.2(0.3) | 1.2(0.4) | 0.549 |
FBG, mmol/L | 6.8(2.2) | 6.3(2.0) | 0.338 |
2hPBG, mmol/L | 10.2(4.6) | 9.6(4.5) | 0.548 |
HbAlc, % | 6.1(1.5) | 6.2(1.8) | 0.793 |
NE, ng/L | 931.8(172.9) | 1237.8(296.5) | < 0.001#
|
DA, ng/L | 46.7(10.2) | 64.7(8.9) | < 0.001#
|
5-HT, ng/L | 821.7(228.4) | 1065.9(144.3) | < 0.001#
|
IL-6, ng/L | 4.6(1.0) | 3.4(0.9) | < 0.001#
|
TNF-α, ng/L | 224.4(44.1) | 164.9(43.7) | < 0.001#
|
NGF, ng/L | 6.5(1.5) | 8.1(1.6) | < 0.001#
|
CGRP, pg/ml | 41.9(6.1) | 38.3(13.8) | 0.112 |
Logistic regression analysis
Univariate | Multivariate | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) |
P value | OR (95% CI) |
P value | |
Age, yrs | 0.98(0.94,1.03) | 0.392 | ||
Female vs. Male | 1.95(0.81,4.71) | 0.140 | ||
Hypertension | ||||
Yes vs. no | 0.69(0.26,1.78) | 0.438 | ||
Diabetes mellitus | ||||
Yes vs. no | 0.91(0.38,2.17) | 0.830 | ||
Atrial fibrillation | ||||
Yes vs. no | 0.53(0.15,1.88) | 0.323 | ||
Lesion location | ||||
Frontal | ||||
Yes vs. no | 3.02(1.13,8.06) | 0.028*
| ||
Temporal | ||||
Yes vs. no | 1.34(0.31,5.78) | 0.692 | ||
Parietal | ||||
Yes vs. no | 1.14(0.35,3.75) | 0.826 | ||
Occipital | ||||
Yes vs. no | 0.98(0.21,4.67) | 0.977 | ||
Basal ganglia | ||||
Yes vs. no | 1.17(0.49,2.78) | 0.729 | ||
Cerebellum | ||||
Yes vs. no | 0.64(0.06,7.38) | 0.723 | ||
Brain stem | ||||
Yes vs. no | 0.61(0.17,2.21) | 0.451 | ||
Corona radiata | ||||
Yes vs. no | 1.29(0.53,3.11) | 0.573 | ||
Neurophysiological test scores | ||||
NIHSS | 2.08(1.42,3.06) | < 0.001#
| 1.84(1.09,3.12) | 0.023*
|
HAMD | 2.63(1.74,3.96) | < 0.001#
| 2.38(1.61,3.50) | < 0.001#
|
HAMA | 2.10(1.56,2.83) | < 0.001#
| ||
MMSE | 0.77(0.65,0.90) | 0.001**
|
Univariate | Multivariate | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) |
P value | OR (95% CI) |
P value | |
TT3, μg/L | 0.00(0.000,0.04) | < 0.001#
| ||
TT4, μg/L | 0.99(0.95,1.03) | 0.582 | ||
TSH, uIU/mL | 1.15(0.66,2.03) | 0.625 | ||
LDL, mmol/L | 0.89(0.56,1.41) | 0.618 | ||
HDL, mmol/L | 0.66(0.17,2.56) | 0.438 | ||
FBG, mmol/L | 1.11(0.90,1.36) | 0.337 | ||
2hPBG, mmol/L | 1.03(0.94,1.13) | 0.543 | ||
HbA1c, % | 0.97(0.74,1.26) | 0.790 | ||
NE, ng/L | 0.99(0.99,0.99) | < 0.001#
| ||
DA, ng/L | 0.85(0.79,0.90) | < 0.001#
| 0.64(0.45,0.91) | 0.014*
|
5-HT, ng/L | 0.99(0.99,1.00) | < 0.001#
| 0.99(0.98,1.00) | 0.046*
|
IL-6, ng/L | 3.23(1.90,5.48) | < 0.001#
| ||
TNF-α, ng/L | 1.03(1.02,1.04) | < 0.001#
| 1.05(1.00,1.09) | 0.044*
|
NGF, ng/L | 0.55(0.41,0.76) | < 0.000#
| 0.06(0.01,0.67) | 0.022*
|
CGRP, pg/ml | 1.03(0.99,1.07) | 0.146 |