Background
Biomedical versus socio-psychological research on TB
Knowledge about TB as an infectious disease
Methods
Study design, sample and procedures
Data collection relevant to the TB module of SANHANES I
Knowledge questionnaire
Measures
Ethics
Data analysis
Results
Characteristics of the sample
% | 95 % CI | n | |
---|---|---|---|
Total | 100.0 | 5945 | |
Age (Years) | |||
18 to 24 | 17.7 | [16.4–19.2] | 1168 |
25 to 34 | 28.0 | [26.0–30.2] | 1405 |
35 to 44 | 24.6 | [22.7–26.6] | 1283 |
45 to 54 | 18.4 | [16.3–20.6] | 1218 |
55 to 64 | 11.2 | [9.8–12.8] | 871 |
Sex | |||
Female | 52.6 | [50.7–54.5] | 3509 |
Male | 47.4 | [45.5–49.3] | 2436 |
Race | |||
African | 76.5 | [71.8–80.6] | 3824 |
White | 10.8 | [7.5–15.3] | 312 |
Coloured | 10.6 | [8.9–12.6] | 1394 |
Indian | 2.1 | [1.3–3.4] | 415 |
Urban / Rural | |||
Rural | 32.0 | [27.3–37.1] | 1850 |
Urban | 68.0 | [62.9–72.7] | 4095 |
Completion of high school/equivalent | |||
Did not complete high school | 56.9 | [53.9–59.8] | 3774 |
Completed high school (Grade 12 or higher) | 43.1 | [40.2–46.1] | 2171 |
Employment Status | |||
Unemployed | 50.4 | [47.4–53.4] | 3183 |
Employed | 49.6 | [46.6–52.6] | 2762 |
Annual income | |||
No income | 34.6 | [32.1–37.1] | 2118 |
<–R9 600 | 11.4 | [10.0–13.1] | 682 |
R9 601–R38 400 | 28.8 | [26.6–31.2] | 1896 |
>–R38 401 | 25.2 | [22.2–28.4] | 1249 |
Ever been diagnosed with TB | 7.0 | [5.9–8.2] | 458 |
Source of information on TB: Where did you first learn about TB? | |||
Newspapers and magazines | 23.2 | [20.7–25.9] | 1377 |
Radio | 49.2 | [46.1–52.3] | 2849 |
Television | 45.8 | [42.6–49.0] | 2588 |
Brochures, pamphlets or other printed materials | 8.9 | [7.4–10.6] | 495 |
Health workers | 38.2 | [35.7–40.7] | 2235 |
Family, friends, colleagues, neighbours | 17.7 | [15.9–19.7] | 1090 |
Teachers | 23.9 | [21.9–26.1] | 1508 |
Other sources of information | 10.6 | [9.1–12.4] | 657 |
Never heard of or don’t know about TB | 0.7 | [0.4–1.0] | 39 |
Correct knowledge on individual knowledge items (See Additional file 3)
Knowledge of TB symptoms
Knowledge of TB transmission
Knowledge of the prevention of TB onset
Knowledge of the curability of TB disease and the correct TB treatment method
Knowledge that TB patients should be tested for HIV
Knowledge that people with HIV are more likely to develop TB
Composite TB knowledge score
Total knowledge score | |||
---|---|---|---|
Mean | 95 % CI | n | |
Total | 4.07 | [3.99–4.14] | 5945 |
Age | |||
18 to 24 | 4.07 | [3.95–4.19] | 1168 |
25 to 34 | 4.11 | [4.01–4.22] | 1405 |
35 to 44 | 4.09 | [3.98–4.19] | 1283 |
45 to 54 | 4.02 | [3.89–4.15] | 1218 |
55 to 64 | 3.98 | [3.83–4.12] | 871 |
Sex | |||
Female | 4.10 | [4.02–4.18] | 3509 |
Male | 4.03 | [3.93–4.12] | 2436 |
Race | |||
African | 4.02 | [3.93–4.10] | 3824 |
White | 4.22 | [3.97–4.47] | 312 |
Coloured | 4.26 | [4.16–4.36] | 1394 |
Indian | 4.15 | [3.86–4.43] | 415 |
Urban/Rural | |||
Rural | 3.91 | [3.79–4.02] | 1850 |
Urban | 4.14 | [4.05–4.24] | 4095 |
Completion of high school/equivalent | |||
Did not complete high school | 3.91 | [3.82–3.99] | 3774 |
Completed high school (attained Gr12 or higher) | 4.28 | [4.17–4.39] | 2171 |
Employment Status | |||
Unemployed | 3.94 | [3.85–4.03] | 3183 |
Employed | 4.19 | [4.10–4.28] | 2762 |
Annual income | |||
No income | 4.00 | [3.88–4.12] | 2118 |
1–9600 | 4.05 | [3.90–4.20] | 682 |
9601–38400 | 3.91 | [3.80–4.02] | 1896 |
>–38401 | 4.35 | [4.24–4.45] | 1249 |
Have you ever been diagnosed with TB | |||
No | 4.05 | [3.98–4.13] | 5487 |
Yes | 4.27 | [4.09–4.44] | 458 |
Source of Knowledge: Where did you first learn about TB? | |||
Newspapers and magazines | |||
No | 4.06 | [3.98–4.14] | 4568 |
Yes | 4.08 | [3.94–4.23] | 1377 |
Radio | |||
No | 3.97 | [3.88–4.07] | 3096 |
Yes | 4.16 | [4.06–4.27] | 2849 |
Television | |||
No | 3.92 | [3.82–4.01] | 3357 |
Yes | 4.24 | [4.15–4.34] | 2588 |
Brochures, pamphlets or other printed materials | |||
No | 4.03 | [3.96–4.11] | 5450 |
Yes | 4.40 | [4.20–4.60] | 495 |
Health workers | |||
No | 3.95 | [3.86–4.05] | 3710 |
Yes | 4.25 | [4.17–4.33] | 2235 |
Family, friends, neighbours, colleagues | |||
No | 4.09 | [4.01–4.17] | 4855 |
Yes | 3.96 | [3.80–4.13] | 1090 |
Teachers | |||
No | 3.99 | [3.90–4.07] | 4437 |
Yes | 4.32 | [4.21–4.44] | 1508 |
Other sources of information | |||
No | 4.08 | [4.00–4.15] | 5288 |
Yes | 3.96 | [3.78–4.14] | 657 |
Determinants of composite TB knowledge score
Background characteristics | Composite TB Knowledge score | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Simple regression | Multiple regression | |||||
Unstandardized co–eff (β) | s.e. |
p-value | Unstandardized co-eff (β) | s.e. |
p-value | |
Age (years) | ||||||
18 to 24 | ||||||
25 to 34 | 0.044 | 0.071 | 0.539 | −0.01 | 0.066 | 0.875 |
35 to 44 | 0.017 | 0.075 | 0.825 | −0.055 | 0.077 | 0.475 |
45 to 54 | −0.05 | 0.07 | 0.476 | −0.084 | 0.072 | 0.245 |
55 to 64 | −0.094 | 0.089 | 0.292 | 0.027 | 0.087 | 0.756 |
Sex: Male vs Female | −0.074 | 0.043 | 0.084 | −0.101* | 0.044 | 0.022 |
Race | ||||||
African | ref | - | - | |||
White | 0.201 | 0.131 | 0.127 | −0.021 | 0.125 | 0.867 |
Coloured | 0.246*** | 0.064 | <0.001 | 0.245*** | 0.067 | <0.001 |
Indian | 0.13 | 0.151 | 0.388 | 0.047 | 0.119 | 0.69 |
Urban vs Rural | 0.236** | 0.075 | 0.002 | 0.069 | 0.073 | 0.345 |
Completion of high school/equivalent | ||||||
Did not complete high school | ref | - | - | |||
Completed high school (attained Gr12 or higher) | 0.369*** | 0.066 | <0.001 | 0.249*** | 0.061 | <0.001 |
Employed vs Unemployed | 0.25*** | 0.053 | <0.001 | 0.224** | 0.079 | 0.005 |
Annual Income | ||||||
No income | ref | - | - | |||
<= R 9 600 | 0.051 | 0.085 | 0.545 | 0.004 | 0.086 | 0.961 |
R 9 601 - R 38 400 | −0.087 | 0.078 | 0.265 | −0.193 | 0.098 | 0.05 |
> = R 38 401 | 0.346*** | 0.076 | <0.001 | 0.058 | 0.122 | 0.637 |
Ever diagnosed with TB | 0.213* | 0.094 | 0.023 | 0.364*** | 0.089 | <0.001 |
Source of Knowledge: Where did you first learn about TB? | ||||||
Newspapers and magazines | 0.021 | 0.082 | 0.803 | |||
Radio | 0.193** | 0.066 | 0.004 | 0.14 | 0.072 | 0.052 |
Television | 0.327*** | 0.061 | <0.001 | 0.28*** | 0.066 | <0.001 |
Brochures, pamphlets, other printed materials | 0.367** | 0.112 | 0.001 | 0.261* | 0.115 | 0.023 |
Health Workers | 0.299*** | 0.054 | <0.001 | 0.366*** | 0.049 | <0.001 |
Family, friends, neighbours, colleagues | −0.124 | 0.093 | 0.184 | |||
Teachers | 0.338*** | 0.069 | <0.001 | 0.37*** | 0.072 | <0.001 |
Other sources of information | −0.119 | 0.089 | 0.182 | |||
(constant) | 3.42*** | 0.089 | <0.001 |
Opinions on most effective sources of information on TB
% | 95 % CI | n | |
---|---|---|---|
Radio | 69 | [66.5–71.4] | 4048 |
Television | 64.8 | [61.9–67.5] | 3844 |
Health workers | 43.3 | [40.5–46.2] | 2643 |
Newspapers and magazines | 39.2 | [36.2–42.4] | 2294 |
Brochures, posters and other printed materials | 16.3 | [14.7–18.1] | 960 |
Teachers | 15 | [13.2–16.9] | 983 |
Billboards | 8.4 | [7.2–9.8] | 549 |
Family, friends, neighbours and colleagues | 8.1 | [6.9–9.5] | 493 |
Religious leaders | 7.7 | [6.5–9.0] | 514 |
Other | 2.3 | [1.6–3.3] | 100 |