Background
Methods
Sampling of participants
Measurements
Physical and mental health
Socio-demographic variables
Personal factors
Statistical analysis
Results
Study population and sample
Attrition analysis
Demographic characteristics of the sample
Characteristics | Scale | All | Men | Women | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N = 59 |
n = 16 |
n = 43 | ||||
Socio-demographic variables |
M (SD)
|
M (SD)
|
M (SD)
|
t
|
p
| |
Age | 44.2 (9.7) | 46.3 (7.7) | 43.5 (10.4) | 0.98 | 0.33 | |
n (%) |
n (%) |
n (%) | χ2
|
p
| ||
Working | 41 (69.5) | 12 (75.0) | 29 (67.4) | 0.31 | 0.58 | |
Education >12 years | 22 (37.3) | 5 (31.3) | 17 (39.5) | 0.34 | 0.56 | |
Paired relationship | 41 (69.5) | 14 (87.5) | 27 (62.8) | 3.36 | 0.07 | |
Personal variables |
M (SD) |
M (SD) |
M (SD) |
t
|
p
| |
Self-esteem (RSES-4, high scores = low self-esteem) | 4–16 | 9.3 (2.7) | 9.1 (2.5) | 9.4 (2.8) | −0.42 | 0.68 |
Self-efficacy (GSE, high scores = high self-efficacy) | 10–40 | 26.9 (6.2) | 26.6 (6.4) | 27.0 (6.2) | −0.23 | 0.82 |
Clinical variables |
n (%) |
n (%) |
n (%) | χ2
|
p
| |
Performed surgery | 31.3 (66.1) | 11 (68.8) | 44 (74.6) | 0.39a
| 0.52 | |
Health-related quality of life (high scores = high quality) |
M (SD)
|
M (SD)
|
M (SD)
|
t
|
p
| |
Physical health | 0–100 | 32.8 (12.5) | 31.9 (11.7) | 33.2 (12.9) | −0.35 | 0.73 |
Mental health | 0–100 | 45.9 (11.5) | 46.2 (9.6) | 45.8 (12.2) | 0.12 | 0.91 |
Physical and mental health
Correlates of physical and mental health
Independent variables | Physical health at baseline | Mental health at baseline | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
r
|
β
|
p
|
r
|
β
|
p
| |
Step 1. Socio-demographic and personal variables at baseline | ||||||
Work status (reference = working) | −0.13 | −0.19 | 0.19 | −0.25 | −0.08 | 0.52 |
Self-esteem (RSES-4, high scores = low self-esteem) | 0.07 | 0.22 | 0.18 | −0.58** | −0.48 | <0.01 |
Self-efficacy (GSE, high scores = high self-efficacy) | 0.07 | 0.16 | 0.30 | 0.40** | 0.13 | 0.31 |
Explained variance (R
2
)
| 5.1% | 0.41 | 34.8% | <0.001 |
Independent variables | Physical health at two-year follow-up | Mental health at two-year follow-up | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
r
|
β
|
p
|
r
|
β
|
p
| |
Step 1. Socio-demographic and personal variables at baseline | ||||||
Work status (reference = working) | −0.32* | −0.33 | 0.007 | −0.29* | −0.16 | 0.22 |
Self-esteem (RSES-4, high scores = low self-esteem) | 0.18 | 0.27 | 0.05 | −0.39** | −0.20 | 0.23 |
Self-efficacy (GSE, high scores = high self-efficacy) | −0.10 | 0.01 | 0.97 | 0.17 | −0.65 | 0.52 |
Explained variance (R
2) | 19.9% | 0.01 | 18.2% | 0.01 | ||
Step 2. Subsequent treatment | ||||||
Surgery (reference = no surgery) | 0.41** | 0.29 | 0.01 | 0.01 | −0.09 | 0.52 |
Change in explained variance | 4.9% | 0.07 | 0.8% | 0.47 | ||
Explained variance (R2) | 24.7% | 19.0% | ||||
Step 3. Baseline quality of life (high scores = high quality) | ||||||
Baseline physical health | 0.39** | 0.37 | 0.002 | −0.11 | - | - |
Baseline mental health | −0.13 | - | - | 0.45** | 0.33 | 0.03 |
Change in explained variance | 12.6% | 0.002 | 7.2% | 0.03 | ||
Explained variance (R2) | 37.4% | 26.3% |
Independent variables | Physical health two-year follow-up | Mental health two-year follow-up | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
r
|
β
|
p
|
r
|
β
|
p
| |
Step 1. Socio-demographic variables and change in personal variables | ||||||
Work status (reference = working) | −0.32* | −0.19 | 0.14 | −0.29* | −0.16 | 0.18 |
Self-esteem change (RSES-4, high scores = decreased self-esteem) | −0.23 | −0.15 | 0.36 | −0.27* | −0.32 | 0.03 |
Self-efficacy change (GSE, high scores = increased self-efficacy) | 0.11 | −0.05 | 0.74 | 0.39** | 0.34 | 0.02 |
Explained variance (R
2
)
| 18.9% | 0.01 | 21.0% | <0.01 | ||
Step 2. Subsequent treatment | ||||||
Surgery (reference = no surgery) | 0.41** | 0.38 | <0.01 | 0.01 | −0.20 | 0.10 |
Change in explained variance | 5.5% | 0.07 | 2.4% | 0.22 | ||
Explained variance (R2) | 24.4% | 23.4% | ||||
Step 3. Baseline quality of life (high scores = high quality) | ||||||
Baseline physical health | 0.39** | 0.42 | 0.001 | −0.11 | - | - |
Baseline mental health | −0.13 | - | - | 0.45** | 0.58 | 0.001 |
Change in explained variance | 16.4% | 0.001 | 28.4% | <0.001 | ||
Explained variance (R2
| 40.8% | 51.8% |