Background
Methods
Study population
Outcomes
Statistical methods
Results
Characteristic | Total (%)a |
---|---|
Province | |
British Columbia | 854 (30) |
Ontario | 1045 (37) |
Quebec | 959 (34) |
Age (years) | 40 (34–46) |
Ethnicity | |
Caucasian | 1320 (46) |
Black | 51 (2) |
Aboriginal | 70 (2) |
Other | 371 (13) |
Unknown | 1046 (37) |
History of IDU | |
No | 2555 (89) |
Yes | 247 (9) |
Unknown | 56 (2) |
Hepatitis C status | |
No | 2413 (84) |
Yes | 331 (12) |
Unknown | 114 (4) |
Era of cART initiation | |
2000–2003 | 729 (26) |
2004–2007 | 931 (33) |
2008–2012 | 1198 (42) |
Number of viral load tests per year | |
Less than 3 | 583 (20) |
3–4 | 1590 (56) |
5–6 | 360 (13) |
More than 6 | 325 (11) |
Initial 3rd ARV class | |
NNRTI | 1277 (45) |
Unboosted PI | 128 (4) |
Boosted PI | 1239 (43) |
Other | 214 (7) |
Initial 3rd ARV | |
Nevirapine | 252 (9) |
Efavirenz | 1033 (36) |
Lopinavir | 424 (15) |
Atazanavir | 578 (20) |
Other | 571 (20) |
NRTI combination | |
Tenofovir/emtricitabine | 1217 (43) |
Zidovudine/lamivudine | 594 (21) |
Tenofovir/lamivudine | 207 (7) |
Abacavir/lamivudine | 468 (16) |
Stavudine/lamivudine | 212 (7) |
Other | 160 (6) |
AIDS-defining illness | |
No | 2284 (80) |
Yes | 459 (16) |
Unknown | 115 (4) |
Viral load (log10 copies/mL) | 4.96 (4.51–5.00) |
CD4 count (cells/uL) | 230 (130–321) |
Characteristic | Viral Suppression , n (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|
No (n = 410) | Yes (n = 2448) | P-value | |
Province | |||
British Columbia | 140 (34) | 714 (29) | 0.011 |
Ontario | 158 (39) | 887 (36) | |
Quebec | 112 (27) | 847 (35) | |
Age (years) | 38 (33–44) | 40 (34–46) | 0.002 |
Ethnicity | |||
Caucasian | 216 (53) | 1104 (45) | 0.002 |
Black | 8 (2) | 43 (2) | |
Aboriginal | 17 (4) | 53 (2) | |
Other | 40 (10) | 331 (14) | |
Unknown | 129 (31) | 917 (37) | |
History of IDU | |||
No | 336 (82) | 2219 (91) | <0.001 |
Yes | 60 (15) | 187 (8) | |
Unknown | 14 (3) | 42 (2) | |
Hepatitis C status | |||
No | 321 (78) | 2092 (85) | 0.001 |
Yes | 68 (17) | 263 (11) | |
Unknown | 21 (5) | 93 (4) | |
Era of cART initiation | |||
2000–2003 | 152 (37) | 577 (24) | <0.001 |
2004–2007 | 127 (31) | 804 (33) | |
2008–2012 | 131 (32) | 1067 (44) | |
Number of viral load tests per year | |||
Less than 3 | 115 (28) | 468 (19) | <0.001 |
3–4 | 188 (46) | 1402 (57) | |
5–6 | 48 (12) | 312 (13) | |
More than 6 | 59 (14) | 266 (11) | |
Initial 3rd ARV class | |||
NNRTI | 140 (34) | 1137 (46) | <0.001 |
Unboosted PI | 39 (10) | 89 (4) | |
Boosted PI | 194 (47) | 1045 (43) | |
Other | 37 (9) | 177 (7) | |
Initial 3rd ARV | |||
Nevirapine | 41 (10) | 211 (9) | <0.001 |
Efavirenz | 105 (26) | 928 (38) | |
Lopinavir | 73 (18) | 351 (14) | |
Atazanavir | 79 (19) | 499 (20) | |
Other | 112 (27) | 459 (19) | |
NRTI combination | |||
Tenofovir/emtricitabine | 134 (33) | 1083 (44) | <0.001 |
Zidovudine/lamivudine | 114 (28) | 480 (20) | |
Tenofovir/lamivudine | 27 (7) | 180 (7) | |
Abacavir/lamivudine | 58 (14) | 410 (17) | |
Stavudine/lamivudine | 43 (10) | 169 (7) | |
Other | 34 (8) | 126 (5) | |
AIDS-defining illness | |||
No | 307 (75) | 1977 (81) | 0.006 |
Yes | 88 (21) | 371 (15) | |
Unknown | 15 (4) | 100 (4) | |
Viral load (log10 copies/mL) | 5.00 (4.75–5.00) | 4.93 (4.48–5.00) | <0.001 |
CD4 count (cells/uL) | 190 (100–310) | 231 (134–327) | 0.001 |
Unadjusted hazard ratio (95 % confidence interval) | P-value | Adjusted hazard ratio (95 % confidence interval) | P-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Province | ||||
British Columbia | 1.00 | 0.004 | 1.00 | 0.126 |
Ontario | 1.04 (0.93–1.15) | 0.98 (0.88–1.10) | ||
Quebec | 1.19 (1.07–1.32) | 1.09 (0.98–1.22) | ||
Baseline age (per 10 year increment) | 1.06 (1.02–1.11) | 0.007 | 1.08 (1.03–1.13) | 0.001 |
Ethnicity | ||||
Caucasian | 1.00 | 0.001 | ||
Black | 0.97 (0.68–1.39) | |||
Aboriginal | 0.75 (0.55–1.01) | |||
Other | 1.23 (1.07–1.40) | |||
Unknown | 1.13 (1.03–1.25) | |||
History of IDU | ||||
No | 1.00 | <0.001 | 1.00 | <0.001 |
Yes | 0.70 (0.60–0.83) | 0.71 (0.60–0.85) | ||
Unknown | 0.63 (0.44–0.89) | 0.71 (0.50–1.02) | ||
Era of cART initiation | ||||
2000–03 | 1.00 | <0.001 | 1.00 | <0.001 |
2004–07 | 1.24 (1.11–1.39) | 1.26 (1.11–1.42) | ||
2008–12 | 1.42 (1.27–1.58) | 1.32 (1.17–1.48) | ||
Initial 3rd ARV class | ||||
NNRTI | 1.00 | <0.001 | 1.00 | <0.001 |
Unboosted PI | 0.53 (0.42–0.67) | 0.60 (0.48–0.76) | ||
Boosted PI | 0.82 (0.75–0.90) | 0.81 (0.74–0.90) | ||
Other | 0.81 (0.67–0.97) | 0.83 (0.69–1.00) | ||
Baseline AIDS-defining illness | ||||
No | 1.00 | 0.011 | ||
Yes | 0.84 (0.74–0.94) | |||
Unknown | 1.04 (0.84–1.29) | |||
Baseline viral load (per log10 copies/mL) | 0.73 (0.66–0.80) | <0.001 | 0.73 (0.66–0.80) | <0.001 |
Baseline CD4 count (per 100 cells/mm3) | 1.04 (1.02–1.07) | <0.001 |
Unadjusted hazard ratio (95 % confidence interval) | P-value | Adjusted hazard ratio (95 % confidence interval) | P-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Province | ||||
British Columbia | 1.00 | <0.001 | 1.00 | <0.001 |
Ontario | 0.54 (0.42–0.71) | 0.50 (0.38–0.67) | ||
Quebec | 0.48 (0.36–0.64) | 0.51 (0.38–0.69) | ||
Baseline age (per 10 year increment) | 0.75 (0.66–0.86) | <0.001 | 0.70 (0.62–0.80) | <0.001 |
Ethnicity | ||||
Caucasian | 1.00 | 0.008 | ||
Black | 1.35 (0.60–3.06) | |||
Aboriginal | 1.67 (0.93–3.00) | |||
Other | 0.98 (0.70–1.38) | |||
Unknown | 0.67 (0.51–0.89) | |||
History of IDU | ||||
No | 1.00 | <0.001 | 1.00 | <0.001 |
Yes | 2.67 (1.96–3.64) | 2.52 (1.82–3.50) | ||
Unknown | 2.02 (1.04–3.93) | 2.18 (1.09–4.36) | ||
Era of cART initiation | ||||
2000–03 | 1.00 | <0.001 | 1.00 | <0.001 |
2004–07 | 0.71 (0.56–0.92) | 0.69 (0.53–0.91) | ||
2008–12 | 0.49 (0.35–0.69) | 0.43 (0.30–0.61) | ||
Initial 3rd ARV class | ||||
NNRTI | 1.00 | 0.082 | 1.00 | 0.057 |
Unboosted PI | 1.60 (0.99–2.59) | 1.48 (0.90–2.42) | ||
Boosted PI | 1.16 (0.91–1.49) | 1.13 (0.86–1.48) | ||
Other | 1.53 (1.01–2.31) | 1.70 (1.12–2.59) | ||
Baseline AIDS-defining illness | ||||
No | 1.00 | |||
Yes | 0.99 (0.73–1.34) | |||
Unknown | 1.00 (0.58–1.72) | 0.999 | ||
Baseline viral load (per log10 copies/mL) | 1.11 (0.85–1.45) | 0.454 | ||
Baseline CD4 count (per 100 cells/mm3) | 1.05 (0.97–1.13) | 0.227 | 1.13 (1.05–1.22) | 0.001 |
Time to suppression (months) | 1.04 (0.99–1.09) | 0.118 | 1.04 (0.99–1.09) | 0.144 |