Introduction
Methods
Questionnaire
Statistical Analysis
Compliance with Ethics Guidelines
Results
Patients
Characteristics | Overall | CD | UC |
p value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Patients | 1035 | 235 (23) | 800 (77) | |
Age (mean ± SD) | 45.35 ± 10.74 | 42.27 ± 9.95 | 46.19 ± 10.83 | <0.001 |
≤40 years | 353 (34) | 102 (43) | 251 (31) | |
41–60 years | 590 (57) | 124 (53) | 466 (58) | |
>60 years | 92 (9) | 9 (4) | 83 (11) | |
Gender | 0.022 | |||
Male | 675 (65) | 168 (71) | 507 (63) | |
Female | 360 (35) | 67 (29) | 293 (37) | |
Marital status | <0.001 | |||
Single | 385 (37) | 124 (53) | 261 (33) | |
Married | 650 (63) | 111 (47) | 539 (67) | |
Highest education | 0.023 | |||
College or less | 519 (50) | 136 (58) | 383 (48) | |
Bachelor’s degree | 447 (43) | 84 (36) | 363 (45) | |
Master’s degree | 69 (7) | 15 (6) | 54 (7) | |
Occupation | ||||
Full time | 580 (56) | 130 (55) | 450 (56) | 0.800 |
Part time | 95 (9) | 19 (8) | 76 (10) | 0.509 |
Self-employed | 79 (8) | 20 (9) | 59 (7) | 0.564 |
Housewife | 127 (12) | 24 (10) | 103 (13) | 0.274 |
Student | 5 (0) | 2 (1) | 2 (0) | 0.355 |
Unemployed/pensioners | 132 (13) | 38 (16) | 94 (12) | 0.074 |
Others | 17 (2) | 2 (1) | 15 (2) | 0.873 |
Household incomes | 0.911 | |||
Less than 2 M JPY | 95 (9) | 23 (10) | 72 (9) | |
2–4 M JPY | 191 (18) | 47 (20) | 144 (18) | |
4–6 M JPY | 240 (23) | 55 (24) | 185 (23) | |
6–8 M JPY | 171 (17) | 36 (15) | 135 (17) | |
8–10 M JPY | 99 (10) | 24 (10) | 75 (9) | |
More than 10 M JPY | 104 (10) | 19 (8) | 85 (11) | |
Do not want to reveal | 135 (13) | 31 (13) | 104 (13) | |
Comorbidity | ||||
Dyslipidemia | 117 (11) | 34 (14) | 83 (10) | 0.081 |
Hypertension | 146 (14) | 38 (16) | 108 (14) | 0.301 |
COPD asthma | 41 (4) | 13 (6) | 28 (4) | 0.160 |
Diabetes | 72 (7) | 16 (7) | 56 (7) | 0.919 |
Depression | 65 (6) | 17 (7) | 48 (6) | 0.493 |
OA and RA | 44 (5) | 12 (5) | 32 (4) | 0.460 |
Gastrointestinal disease | 64 (6) | 15 (6) | 49 (6) | 0.885 |
Surgical history | ||||
Yes | 240 (23) | 146 (62) | 94 (12) | <0.001 |
Time since diagnosis | <0.001 | |||
0–2 years | 161 (16) | 27 (11) | 134 (17) | |
3–8 years | 361 (35) | 66 (28) | 296 (37) | |
9–15 years | 241 (23) | 44 (19) | 197 (25) | |
>15 years | 272 (26) | 99 (42) | 173 (22) | |
Current treatment | ||||
Nutritional | 244 (24) | 137 (58) | 107 (13) | <0.001 |
5-ASA | 824 (79) | 168 (71) | 656 (82) | <0.001 |
Steroid | 166 (16) | 39 (17) | 127 (16) | 0.791 |
Immunosuppressant | 144 (14) | 53 (23) | 91 (11) | <0.001 |
Biologic agents | 176 (17) | 113 (48) | 63 (8) | <0.001 |
Cytapheresis | 17 (2) | 1 (0) | 16 (2) | 0.095 |
Others | 70 (7) | 8 (3) | 62 (8) | 0.020 |
Type of hospitals | <0.001 | |||
University hospital | 252 (24) | 92 (39) | 160 (20) | |
General/specialist hospital | 538 (52) | 128 (55) | 410 (51) | |
Clinics | 244 (24) | 15 (6) | 229 (29) | |
Others | 1 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0) | |
Frequency of visit | <0.001 | |||
More than once in a month | 99 (9) | 38 (16) | 61 (8) | |
Once every month | 354 (34) | 73 (31) | 281 (35) | |
Once every 2 months | 341 (33) | 94 (40) | 247 (31) | |
Once every 3 months | 172 (17) | 23 (10) | 149 (19) | |
Less than every 3 months | 69 (7) | 7 (3) | 62 (8) |
Patient Preferences
Characteristics | Very important | Not very important |
p value |
---|---|---|---|
Patients | 575 | 460 | |
Age (mean ± SD) | 45.57 + 10.48 | 45.06 + 11.07 | 0.866 |
≤40 years | 193 (33) | 160 (35) | |
41–60 years | 332 (57) | 258 (56) | |
>60 years | 50 (10) | 42 (9) | |
Gender | 0.358 | ||
Male | 368 (64) | 307 (67) | |
Female | 207 (36) | 153 (33) | |
Marital status | 0.307 | ||
Single | 206 (36) | 179 (39) | |
Married | 369 (64) | 281 (61) | |
Highest education | 0.170 | ||
College or less | 303 (53) | 216 (47) | |
Bachelor’s degree | 234 (41) | 213 (46) | |
Master’s degree | 38 (6) | 31 (7) | |
Occupation | |||
Full time | 319 (55) | 261 (57) | 0.685 |
Part time | 51 (9) | 44 (9) | 0.700 |
Self-employed | 94 (6) | 45 (10) | 0.020 |
Housewife | 79 (14) | 48 (10) | 0.107 |
Student | 3 (1) | 2 (1) | 0.841 |
Unemployed/pensioners | 80 (13) | 52 (11) | 0.211 |
Others | 9 (2) | 8 (2) | 0.812 |
Household incomes | 0.404 | ||
Less than 2 M JPY | 53 (9) | 42 (9) | |
2–4 M JPY | 114 (20) | 77 (17) | |
4–6 M JPY | 127 (22) | 113 (25) | |
6–8 M JPY | 96 (17) | 75 (16) | |
8–10 M JPY | 47 (8) | 52 (11) | |
More than 10 M JPY | 64 (11) | 40 (9) | |
Do not want to reveal | 74 (13) | 61 (13) | |
Comorbidity | |||
Dyslipidemia | 81 (14) | 36 (8) | 0.002 |
Hypertension | 89 (15) | 57 (12) | 0.156 |
COPD asthma | 34 (5) | 7 (2) | <0.001 |
Diabetes | 44 (8) | 28 (6) | 0.325 |
Depression | 44 (8) | 21 (5) | 0.042 |
OA and RA | 32 (6) | 12 (3) | 0.019 |
Gastrointestinal disease | 41 (7) | 23 (5) | 0.157 |
Surgical history | <0.001 | ||
Yes | 164 (28) | 76 (16) | |
Time since diagnosis | 0.167 | ||
0–2 years | 98 (17) | 63 (14) | |
3–8 years | 190 (33) | 171 (37) | |
9–15 years | 127 (22) | 114 (25) | |
>15 years | 160 (28) | 112 (24) | |
Current treatment | |||
Nutritional | 162 (28) | 82 (18) | <0.001 |
5-ASA | 449 (78) | 375 (81) | 0.173 |
Steroid | 108 (18) | 58 (13) | 0.007 |
Immunosuppressant | 88 (15) | 56 (12) | 0.148 |
Biologic agents | 123 (21) | 53 (12) | <0.001 |
Cytapheresis | 13 (2) | 4 (1) | 0.080 |
Others | 39 (7) | 31 (7) | 0.978 |
Type of hospitals | 0.053 | ||
University hospital | 170 (29) | 82 (18) | |
General/specialist hospital | 287 (50) | 251 (55) | |
Clinics | 117 (21) | 127 (27) | |
Others | 1 (0) | 0 (0) | |
Frequency of visit | 0.028 | ||
More than once a month | 69 (12) | 30 (7) | |
Once every month | 190 (33) | 164 (36) | |
Once every 2 months | 189 (33) | 152 (33) | |
Once every 3 months | 95 (16) | 77 (17) | |
Less than every 3 months | 32 (6) | 37 (7) |
Characteristics | Overall [ORs (95% CI)] | CD [ORs (95% CI)] | UC [ORs (95% CI)] |
---|---|---|---|
Age (reference ≤40 years) | |||
41–60 years | 1.26 (0.92–1.73) | 1.62 (0.72–3.62) | 1.24 (0.87–1.78) |
>60 years | 1.00 (0.56–1.80) | 0.52 (0.06–4.24) | 1.05 (0.55–1.99) |
Gender (reference male) | |||
Female | 1.17 (0.82–1.68) | 1.12 (0.39–3.19) | 1.21 (0.81–1.82) |
Marital status (reference single) | |||
Married | 1.40 (1.00–1.92) | 1.45 (0.61–3.43) |
1.48 (1.01–2.17)
|
Highest education (reference college or less) | |||
Bachelor’s degree | 0.79 (0.59–1.06) | 0.72 (0.32–1.66) | 0.73 (0.53–1.02) |
Master’s degree | 1.07 (0.61–1.89) | 0.94 (0.20–4.39) | 1.07 (0.56–2.02) |
Occupation | |||
Full time | 1.38 (0.47–4.01) | 0 (Omitted) | 0.97 (0.30–4.39) |
Part time | 1.13 (0.36–3.50) | 0 (Omitted) | 0.65 (0.19–2.26) |
Self-employed | 0.72 (0.23–2.27) | 0 (Omitted) | 0.62 (0.17–2.20) |
Housewife | 1.56 (0.50–4.86) | 0 (Omitted) | 0.99 (0.29–3.44) |
Student | 1.56 (0.16–14.72) | 0 (Omitted) | 0 (Omitted) |
Unemployed/pensioners | 1.70 (0.56–5.15) | 0 (Omitted) | 1.28 (0.37–4.39) |
Household incomes (reference less than 2 M JPY) | |||
2–4 M JPY | 1.41 (0.48–4.12) | 0 (Omitted) | 1.00 (0.31–3.26) |
4–6 M JPY | 1.13 (0.37–3.56) | 0 (Omitted) | 0.66 (0.19–2.31) |
6–8 M JPY | 0.73 (0.23–2.31) | 0 (Omitted) | 0.63 (0.18–2.27) |
8–10 M JPY | 1.58 (0.50–4.97) | 0 (Omitted) | 1.01 (0.29–3.54) |
More than 10 M JPY | 1.59 (0.17–15.10) | 0 (Omitted) | 0 (Omitted) |
Comorbidity | |||
Dyslipidemia |
1.82 (1.08–3.08)
| 0.73 (0.10–5.08) | 1.66 (0.93–2.98) |
Hypertension | 0.95 (0.61–1.49) | 2.65 (0.47–15.09) | 0.83 (0.50–1.36) |
COPD asthma |
3.61 (1.41–9.26)
| 0 (Omitted) | 2.26 (0.83–6.17) |
Diabetes | 0.59 (0.32–1.10) | 0 (Omitted) |
0.44 (0.22–0.88)
|
Depression | 1.64 (0.91–2.96) | 1.10 (0.21–5.74) | 1.69 (0.87–3.30) |
OA and RA | 0.61 (0.12–3.16) | 0 (Omitted) | 1.00 (0.16–6.27) |
Gastrointestinal disease | 0.68 (0.34–1.34) | 0.11 (0.01–1.24) | 0.82 (0.39–1.75) |
Surgical history | |||
Previous surgical |
1.66 (1.13–2.42)
| 1.49 (0.67–3.31) |
1.94 (1.12–3.36)
|
Time since diagnosis (reference 0–2 years) | |||
3–8 years | 0.70 (0.46–1.08) | 0.54 (0.09–3.21) | 0.75 (0.46–1.18) |
9–15 years | 0.67 (0.42–1.07) | 0.30 (0.05–1.93) | 0.78 (0.47–1.29) |
>15 years | 0.79 (0.49–1.27) | 0.93 (0.15–5.56) | 0.71 (0.42–1.20) |
Current treatment | |||
Nutritional | 1.20 (0.82–1.75) | 1.50 (0.69–3.26) | 1.12 (0.66–1.91) |
5-ASA | 1.08 (0.72–1.63) | 1.25 (0.53–2.99) | 1.01 (0.60–1.72) |
Steroid | 1.40 (0.95–2.09) | 4.20 (0.98–17.98) | 1.18 (0.75–1.84) |
Immunosuppressant | 0.93 (0.62–1.41) | 0.64 (0.28–1.48) | 1.09 (0.65–1.82) |
Biologic agents |
1.76 (1.17–2.65)
| 1.81 (0.78–4.23) |
1.89 (1.02–3.50)
|
Cytapheresis | 1.61 (0.44–5.85) | 0 (Omitted) | 1.82 (0.49–6.78) |
Type of hospitals (reference university hospital) | |||
General/specialist hospital |
0.64 (0.46–0.90)
| 1.06 (0.48–2.33) |
0.52 (0.35–0.78)
|
Clinics |
0.61 (0.40–0.92)
|
0.12 (0.02–0.57)
|
0.61 (0.38–0.97)
|
Frequency of visits (reference more than once in a month) | |||
Once every month | 0.85 (0.49–1.48) | 0.65 (0.16–2.66) | 1.02 (0.53–1.96) |
Once every 2 months | 0.90 (0.51–1.60) | 0.62 (0.15–2.56) | 1.09 (0.55–2.18) |
Once every 3 months | 1.06 (0.57–2.00) | 0.36 (0.69–1.92) | 1.41 (0.68–2.94) |
Less than every 3 months | 0.62 (0.30–1.30) | 0.13 (0.01–1.91) | 0.86 (0.36–2.01) |