Background
Methods
Patients
Definitions and groups
Statistical analysis
Results
Baseline characteristics
Total (n = 1744) | eGFR ≥ 90 (no renal dysfunction) (n = 829) | 60 ≤ eGFR < 90 (hidden renal dysfunction) (n = 857) | eGFR < 60 (known renal dysfunction) (n = 58) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-operation | ||||
Age | 53.00 ± 14.00 | 48 ± 15 | 58 ± 12 a | 61 ± 15 |
Gender (male) | 1003 (57.51%) | 485 (58.50%) | 483 (56.36%) | 35 (60.34%) |
BMI (kg/m2) | 22.8 ± 3.5 | 22.4 ± 3.6 | 23.1 ± 3.4 a | 23.5 ± 3.1 |
Hypertension (n, %) | 540 (30.96%) | 223 (26.90%) | 290 (33.84%)b | 27 (46.55%) |
DM (n, %) | 200 (11.47%) | 89 (10.74%) | 100 (11.67%) | 11 (18.97%) |
NYHA > II (n, %) | 1055 (60.49%) | 445 (53.68%) | 571 (66.63%) | 39 (67.24%) |
LVEF (%) | 63.00 ± 6.00 | 68.00 ± 6.00 | 61.00 ± 5.00 a | 60.00 ± 5.00 |
BUN (mmol/L) | 6.60 ± 2.20 | 5.90 ± 1.60 | 7.00 ± 2.20 ab | 9.60 ± 3.40 |
SCr (mg/dL) | 0.87 ± 0.22 | 0.74 ± 0.12 | 0.96 ± 0.15 ab | 1.09 ± 0.12 |
Uric acid (μmol/L) | 366.40 ± 114.30 | 334.10 ± 98.80 | 390.20 ± 112.50 ab | 457.20 ± 126.70 |
Proteinuria (n, %) | 140 (8.03%) | 65 (7.84%) | 63 (7.35%)b | 12 (20.69%) |
Urinalysis abnormal (n, %) | 279 (16.00%) | 132 (15.92%) | 134 (15.64%) | 13 (22.41%) |
Renal ultrasound abnormal (n, %) | 32 (1.83%) | 9 (1.09%) | 17 (1.98%) b | 6 (10.34%) |
Hemoglobin (g/L) | 133.80 ± 19.60 | 134.30 ± 20.40 | 133.50 ± 18.60 | 130.40 ± 21.50 |
Platelet (10 9/L) | 181.00 ± 61.20 | 183.90 ± 64.40 | 178.10 ± 57.40 | 181.10 ± 68.10 |
Intra-operation | ||||
Types of surgery (n, %) | ||||
− Valve | 903 (51.78%) | 434 (52.35%) | 445 (51.93%) | 24 (41.38%) |
− CABG/OPCAB | 309 (17.72%) | 111 (13.39%) | 185 (21.59%) | 13 (22.41%) |
− Aneurysm | 108 (6.19%) | 57 (6.88%) | 42 (4.90%) | 9 (15.52%) |
− Combined | 140 (8.03%) | 58 (7.00%) | 74 (8.63%) | 8 (13.79%) |
CPB duration (min) | 96.10 ± 40.90 | 94.40 ± 39.70 | 96.70 ± 41.20 b | 112.70 ± 50.10 |
Aortic clamping time (min) | 47.40 ± 42.30 | 47.90 ± 43.40 | 46.90 ± 41.30 | 47.10 ± 39.30 |
Intra-operative hypotension (n, %) | 135 (7.7%) | 58 (7.0%) | 68 (7.9%) b | 9 (15.5%) |
Post-operation | ||||
High dose of vasoactive agents (n, %) | 271 (15.5%) | 104 (12.5%) | 153 (17.9%) | 14 (24.1%) |
LCOS (n, %) | 118 (6.8%) | 51 (6.1%) | 59 (6.9%) | 8 (13.9%) |
AKI incidence and 3-year outcomes
eGFR ≥ 90 (no renal dysfunction) | 60 ≤ eGFR < 90 (hidden renal dysfunction) | eGFR < 60 (known renal dysfunction) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
All (n = 1744) | N | 829 (47.53%) | 857 (49.14%) | 58 (3.33%) |
AKI incidence | 271 (32.69%) | 301 (35.12%) | 26 (44.83%) | |
In-hospital mortality | 19 (2.29%) | 40 (4.67%) a | 3 (5.17%) | |
3-year mortality | 61 (7.36%) | 103 (12.02%) ab | 18 (31.03%) | |
Progressive CKD incidence | 22 (2.65%) | 52 (6.07%) ab | 9 (15.52%) | |
< 65 years (n = 1356) | N | 728 (53.69%) | 597 (44.03%) | 31 (2.29%) |
AKI incidence | 223 (30.63%) | 187 (31.32%) | 13 (41.94%) | |
In-hospital mortality | 15 (2.06%) | 28 (4.69%) a | 1 (3.23%) | |
3-year mortality | 36 (4.95%) | 37 (6.20%)b | 5 (16.13%) | |
Progressive CKD incidence | 18 (2.47%) | 32 (5.36%) a | 4 (12.90%) | |
≥ 65 years (n = 388) | N | 101 (26.03%) | 260 (67.01%) | 27 (6.96%) |
AKI incidence | 48 (47.52%) | 114 (43.85%) | 13 (48.15%) | |
In-hospital mortality | 4 (3.96%) | 12 (4.62%) | 2 (7.41%) | |
3-year mortality | 25 (24.75%) | 66 (25.38%)b | 13 (48.15%) | |
Progressive CKD incidence | 4 (3.96%) | 20 (7.69%) | 5 (18.52%) |
Age < 65 years
Age ≥ 65 years
Analysis of risk factors for postoperative AKI
Age < 65 years
Age < 65 years | Age ≥ 65 years | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | P value | OR | 95% CI | P-value | |
Age | 1.030 | 1.012–1.078 | < 0.01 | 1.108 | 1.017–1.230 | < 0.01 |
Gender (male) | 2.451 | 1.890–3.378 | < 0.01 | 2.125 | 1.435–4.160 | < 0.01 |
BMI | 1.078 | 1.011–1.146 | 0.023 | |||
Hypertension | 1.389 | 1.028–1.785 | 0.022 | |||
Aorta surgery | 1.809 | 1.088–2.847 | 0.013 | |||
CPB time | 1.010 | 1.006–1.013 | < 0.01 | |||
eGFR ≥90 mL/min/1.73 m2 | Reference | – | – | |||
60 ≤ eGFR < 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 | 1.729 | 0.764–3.021 | 0.257 | |||
eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 | 1.326 | 1.078–2.897 | < 0.01 | |||
Intraoperative hypotension | 3.338 | 1.204–6.016 | < 0.01 | 2.013 | 1.034–3.145 | < 0.01 |
LCOS | 2.834 | 1.124–4.576 | < 0.01 | 2.126 | 1.018–3.896 | < 0.01 |
Age < 65 years | Age ≥ 65 years | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95%CI | P-value | OR | 95%CI | P-value | |
Age | 1.030 | 1.001–1.052 | 0.044 | |||
DM | 4.090 | 2.476–6.751 | < 0.01 | 3.670 | 2.475–5.455 | < 0.01 |
Postoperative AKI | 4.970 | 2.849–8.661 | < 0.01 | |||
ICU stay | 1.002 | 1.001–1.004 | < 0.01 | 1.002 | 1.001–1.002 | < 0.01 |
eGFR ≥ 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 | Reference | – | – | |||
60 ≤ eGFR < 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 | 1.160 | 0.726–1.843 | 0.541 | |||
eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 | 2.190 | 1.118–4.316 | 0.022 |
Age < 65 years | Age ≥ 65 years | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95%CI | P-value | OR | 95% CI | P-value | |
Age | 1.040 | 1.010–1.064 | 0.007 | 1.050 | 1.008–1.090 | 0.018 |
DM | 3.310 | 2.020–5.435 | < 0.01 | 3.510 | 2.381–5.173 | < 0.01 |
eGFR ≥ 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 | Reference | – | – | Reference | – | – |
60 ≤ eGFR < 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 | 1.690 | 1.071–2.669 | 0.024 | 1.380 | 0.856–2.209 | 0.187 |
eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 | 2.890 | 1.204–6.964 | 0.018 | 2.870 | 1.472–5.580 | < 0.01 |
Postoperative AKI | 4.940 | 3.035–8.042 | < 0.01 | |||
ICU stay | 1.002 | 1.001–1.004 | < 0.01 | 1.002 | 1.001–1.003 | < 0.01 |