Background
Methods
Study design
Setting
Study period
Study participants
Sample size calculations
Study procedures
Statistical analysis
Results
Frequency | Percentage (%) | |
---|---|---|
First visiting hospital
| ||
Yes | 45 | 33 |
No | 90 | 67 |
Tribe
| ||
Baganda | 93 | 69 |
Others | 42 | 31 |
Age group of the child(in years)
| ||
2- < 4 | 89 | 66 |
4- < 6 | 23 | 17 |
6-12 | 23 | 17 |
Sex
| ||
Male | 66 | 49 |
Female | 69 | 51 |
Caregiver education level
| ||
No schooling/primary | 51 | 38 |
O level/A level/Higher | 84 | 62 |
Disorder of initiating and maintaining of sleep (DIMS) | Sleep-Wake Transition Disorder (WTD) | Sleep hyperhidrosis (SHY) | Sleep Breathing Disorder (SBD) | Disorder of Excessive Somnolence (DOES) | Disorder of Arousal (DA) | Total Score (TS) | 95% Confidence Interval (CI) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Score range | 7-35 | 6-30 | 2-10 | 3-15 | 5-25 | 3-15 | 26-130 | |
Mean ± SD | 12.5 ± 7.5 | 8.2 ± 4.0 | 2.9 ± 2.3 | 3.8 ± 2.1 | 6.4 ± 2.9 | 3.2 ± 0.92 | 37.24 ± 15.6 | |
Cut off | ≥ 17 | ≥ 14 | ≥ 7 | ≥ 7 | ≥ 13 | ≥ 6 | ≥ 51 | |
Normal sleep n (%) | 98 (73) | 117 (87) | 121 (90) | 122 (90) | 124 (92) | 129 (96) | 92 (68) | 60.3-76.0 |
Pathological sleep n (%) | 37 (27) | 18 (13) | 14 (10) | 13 (10) | 11 (8) | 6 (4) | 43 (32) | 24.0-39.7 |
Variables | Sleep disorders | OR (95% CI) | p-value | Chi square p-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes (%) | No (%) | |||||
Types of CP | Bilateral spastic CP | 25(58) | 36(39) | 3.299(1.0-10.9) | 0.05 | 0.152 |
Unilateral spastic CP | 6(14) | 19(21) | 1.5(0.4-6.2) | 0.575 | ||
Dyskinetic CP | 8(19) | 18(20) | 2.111(0.5-8.2) | 0.282 | ||
Ataxic CP/non classified | 4(9) | 19(21) | 1 | |||
Gross Motor Function Classification (GMFC) | level I | 4(9) | 22(24) | 1 | 0.011 | |
level II | 5(12) | 20(22) | 1.375(0.3-5.8) | 0.666 | ||
level III | 2(5) | 11(12) | 1.000(0.2-6.3) | 1 | ||
level IV | 10(23) | 16(17) | 3.438(0.9-13.0) | 0.068 | ||
level V | 22(52) | 23(25) | 5.261(1.6-17.7) | 0.007 | ||
Manual Ability Classification (MAC) | level I | 9(21) | 33(36) | 1 | 0.007 | |
level II | 4(9) | 16(17) | 0.917(0.2-3.4) | 0.897 | ||
level III | 0(0) | 4(4) | 1 | |||
level IV | 5(12) | 15(16) | 1.222(0.3-4.3) | 0.753 | ||
level V | 25(58) | 24(26) | 3.819(1.5-9.6) | 0.005 | ||
Communication Function Classification (CFC) | level I | 4(9) | 27(29) | 1 | < 0.001 | |
level II | 4(9) | 17(18) | 1.588(0.3-7.2) | 0.549 | ||
level III | 3(7) | 13(14) | 1.558(0.3-8.0) | 0.596 | ||
level IV | 7(16) | 18(20) | 2.625(0.7-10.3) | 0.166 | ||
level V | 25(58) | 17(18) | 9.926(2.9-33.5) | < 0.001 | ||
Epilepsy | Yes | 19(44) | 26(28) | 2.010(0.9-4.3) | 0.07 | 0.067 |
No | 24(56) | 66(72) | 1 |
Variables | Sleep disorders | OR (95% CI) | p-value | Chi square p-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes (%) | No (%) | |||||
Antiepileptic drugs (AED) | Sodium-valproate | 13(68) | 15(58) | 1 | 0.638 | |
Carbamazepine | 6(32) | 9(35) | 0.769(0.2-2.7) | 0.686 | ||
Phenytoin | 0(0) | 1(4) | – | |||
Phenobarbitone | 0(0) | 1(4) | – | |||
Child educational level | No-school | 43(10) | 87(95) | 0.119 | ||
Nursery-school | 0(0) | 5(5) | ||||
Caregiver educational level | No schooling/primary | 15(35) | 36(39) | 1 | 0.635 | |
O level/A level/Higher | 28(65) | 56(61) | 1.2(0.6-2.6) | 0.636 | ||
Relationship with the child | Mother | 34(79) | 78(85) | 1 | 0.411 | |
Other | 9(21) | 14(15) | 1.475(0.6-3.7) | 0.413 | ||
Bed sharing all night more than 6 months | Yes | 29(67) | 71(77) | 0.613(0.3-1.4) | 0.231 | 0.229 |
No | 14(33) | 21(23) | 1 |
Sleep disorders | OR | 95% CI | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Types of CP | Bilateral spastic CP | 11.193 | 2.1-59.0 | 0.004 |
Unilateral spastic CP | 7.725 | 1.2-51.3 | 0.034 | |
Dyskinetic CP | 3.570 | 0.7-18.8 | 0.134 | |
Ataxic CP/non classified | 1 | |||
Gross motor function | level I | 1 | ||
level II | 5.714 | 1.0-31.3 | 0.045 | |
Level III | 1.000 | |||
level IV | 12.921 | 2.0-82.3 | 0.007 | |
level V | 13.182 | 3.7-47.0 | < 0.001 | |
Manual ability | level I | 1 | ||
level II | 2.338 | 0.4-12.5 | 0.322 | |
level III | 1.546 | 0.2-12.4 | 0.681 | |
level IV | 4.509 | 0.9-22.5 | 0.066 | |
level V | 11.162 | 2.2-56.4 | 0.004 | |
Relationship with the child | Mother | 1 | ||
Other | 2.300 | 0.7-7.3 | 0.159 | |
Bed sharing all night more than 6 months | Yes | 1 | ||
No | 2.130 | 0.8-5.8 | 0.138 | |
Epilepsy | Yes | 3.865 | 1.4-10.9 | 0.011 |
No | 1 |