Background
Methods
Selection of surveillance sites
Surveillance target population
Specimen collection and preparation for testing
Storage and transportation of DBS
Social-demographic information
Syphilis testing and treatment
HIV testing and quality assurance
Ethical considerations
Data analysis
Results
Distribution of ANC attendees by region and locality
Region | ANC attendees | **Estimated pregnant women | % Enrolled |
---|---|---|---|
Arusha | 2812 | 55,551 | 5.1 % |
Coast | 1848 | 37,507 | 4.9 % |
Dar es Salaam | 3780 | 96,812 | 3.9 % |
Dodoma | 1789 | 77,580 | 2.3 % |
Iringa | 1221 | 50,667 | 2.4 % |
Kagera | 1533 | 125,594 | 1.2 % |
Kigoma | 1293 | 92,377 | 1.4 % |
Kilimanjaro | 1269 | 43,087 | 2.9 % |
Lindi | 1071 | 27,696 | 3.9 % |
Manyara | 1879 | 61,609 | 3.0 % |
Mara | 1255 | 88,145 | 1.4 % |
Mbeya | 2563 | 116,594 | 2.2 % |
Morogoro | 1576 | 70,087 | 2.2 % |
Mtwara | 867 | 45,159 | 1.9 % |
Mwanza | 2969 | 136,739 | 2.2 % |
Rukwa | 2033 | 71,855 | 2.8 % |
Ruvuma | 1651 | 50,986 | 3.2 % |
Shinyanga | 3385 | 190,957 | 1.8 % |
Singida | 1429 | 47,638 | 3.0 % |
Tabora | 1877 | 114,478 | 1.6 % |
Tanga | 1598 | 62,087 | 2.6 % |
National | 39,698 | 1,663,203 | 2.4 % |
HIV prevalence in association with socio-demographic characteristics of the ANC attendees
Variables | Number | HIV Prevalence (%) | cOR (95 % CI) | P-value | adOR (95 % CI) | P-value adOR |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Marital status | ||||||
Married | 34,543 | 5.4 | 1 | 1 | ||
Single | 4565 | 6.8 | 1.28(1.13–1.45) | <0.05 | 1.76(1.55–2.02) | <0.05 |
Divorced | 78 | 5.1 | 1.67(0.84–3.32) | 0.14 | 1.00(0.36–2.77) | 0.99 |
Other | 103 | 8.7 | 0.95(0.35–2.59) | 0.91 | 1.84(0.92–3.68) | 0.09 |
Age group | ||||||
15–24 | 19,316 | 3.9 | 1 | 1 | ||
25–34 | 16,321 | 7.3 | 1.97(1.791–2.16) | <0.05 | 1.90(1.70–2.13) | <0.05 |
35+ | 3725 | 7.0 | 1.88(1.62–2.17) | <0.05 | 2.30(1.93–2.76) | <0.05 |
Not stated | 336 | 4.1 | 1.08(0.63–1.85) | 0.77 | 1.03(0.59–1.82) | 0.90 |
Previous pregnancy | ||||||
0 | 10,487 | 3.45 | 1 | 1 | ||
1–2 | 16,401 | 6.48 | 1.94(1.71–2.19) | <0.05 | 1.67(1.45–1.91) | <0.05 |
3–4 | 8121 | 7.25 | 2.19(1.92–2.59) | <0.05 | 1.59(1.35–1.89) | <0.05 |
>5 | 4004 | 4.2 | 1.23(1.018–1.48) | <0.05 | 0.88(0.69–1.11) | 0.291 |
Not stated | 694 | 4.9 | 1.44(1.05–2.07) | <0.07 | 1.25(0.86–1.82) | 0.23 |
Residence | ||||||
Urban | 20,397 | 6.59 | 1 | 1 | ||
Semi Urban | 10,680 | 5.82 | 0.88(0.79–0.96) | <0.05 | 0.90(0.82–0.99) | <0.05 |
Rural | 8621 | 3.13 | 0.46(0.40–0.52) | <0.05 | 0.48(0.42–0.56) | <0.05 |
Education | ||||||
No formal education | 6017 | 4.5 | 1 | 1 | ||
Adult education | 255 | 3.9 | 0.75(033–1.74) | 0.51 | 1.22(0.44–3.38) | 0.71 |
Primary education | 27,222 | 6 | 0.65(0.23–1.85) | 0.42 | 0.99(0.29–3.23) | 0.99 |
Secondary | 5521 | 4.9 | 1.02(0.45–2.34) | 0.95 | 1.29(0.47–3.58) | 0.62 |
Post secondary | 581 | 2.9 | 0.83(0.36–1.91) | 0.66 | 1.04(0.37–2.89) | 0.94 |
Not stated | 102 | 5.9 | 0.48(0.19–1.25) | 0.14 | 0.55(0.18–1.68) | 0.29 |
Duration of stay | ||||||
Less than 6 months | 4991 | 5.3 | 1 | 1 | ||
6 months and above | 33,985 | 5.5 | 0.81(0.59–1.12) | 0.20 | 0.88(0.63–1.22) | 0.45 |
Not stated | 722 | 6.5 | 0.85(0.63–1.15) | 0.29 | 0.82(0.60–1.11) | 0.19 |
Syphilis prevalence in association with demographic characteristics of ANC attendees
Variables | Number | Syphilis Prevalence | cOR (95 % CI) | P-value | adOR (95 % CI) | P-value adOR |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Marital status | ||||||
Married | 34,543 | 2.5 | 1 | 1 | ||
Single | 4565 | 2.2 | 0.90(0.733–1.12) | 0.35 | 1.19(0.95–1.48) | 0.12 |
Divorced | 78 | 4 | 1.64(0.52–5.22) | 0.40 | 1.47(0.458–4.69) | 0.52 |
Other | 103 | 1.9 | 0.78(0.19–3.2) | 0.74 | 0.8(0.19–3.28) | 0.76 |
Age group | ||||||
15–24 | 19,316 | 2.4 | 1 | 1 | ||
25–34 | 16,321 | 2.8 | 1.37(1.19–1.57) | <0.05 | 1.12(0.94–1.33) | 0.20 |
35+ | 3725 | 3.3 | 1.66(1.34–2.03) | <0.05 | 1.06(0.81–1.39) | 0.67 |
Not stated | 336 | 1.6 | 0.77(0.31–1.86) | 0.56 | 0.76(0.31–1.86) | 0.55 |
Previous pregnancy | ||||||
0 | 10,487 | 1.7 | 1 | 1 | ||
1–2 | 16,401 | 2.1 | 1.23(1.03–1.48) | 0.06 | 1.13(0.93–1.39) | 0.23 |
3–4 | 8121 | 3.3 | 1.94(1.60–2.35) | <0.05 | 1.50(1.17–1.92) | <0.05 |
>5 | 4004 | 4.2 | 2.48(2.00–3.08) | <0.05 | 1.70(1.27–2.29) | < 0.05 |
Not stated | 694 | 1.6 | 0.95(0.52–1.76) | 0.88 | 0.78(0.41–1.49) | 0.46 |
Residence | ||||||
Urban | 20,397 | 1.69 | 1 | 1 | ||
Semi Urban | 10,680 | 3.13 | 1.88(1.62–2.19) | < 0.05 | 1.65(1.40–1.93) | < 0.05 |
Rural | 8621 | 3.2 | 1.89(1.61–2.24) | < 0.05 | 1.37(1.14–1.65) | <0.05 |
Education | ||||||
No Formal Education | 6017 | 4.5 | 1 | 1 | ||
Adult Education | 255 | 3.2 | 1.40(0.44–4.46) | 0.57 | 1.02(0.32–3.29) | 0.97 |
Primary education | 27,222 | 2.3 | 0.96(0.25–3.71) | 0.96 | 0.73(0.19–2.85) | 0.65 |
Secondary | 5521 | 1.3 | 0.69(0.22–2.17) | 0.52 | 0.58(0.18–1.87) | 0.37 |
Post Secondary | 581 | 0.7 | 0.39(0.12–1.28) | 0.12 | 0.39(0.12–1.26) | 0.12 |
Not stated | 102 | 3.3 | 0.21(0.05–0.96) | 0.04 | 0.22(0.05–0.99) | 0.05 |
Duration of stay | ||||||
Less than 6 months | 4991 | 2.2 | 1 | 1 | ||
6 months and above | 33,985 | 2.5 | 0.79(0.48–1.29) | 0.34 | 1.01(0.61–1.67) | 0.97 |
Not stated | 722 | 2.8 | 0.89(0.56–1.42) | 0.63 | 0.87(0.55–1.38) | 0.56 |
HIV and syphilis prevalence by location of ANC attendees
Region | HIV | SYPHILIS | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Positive | Prevalence (%) | 95 % CI | Total | Positive | Prevalence (%) | 95 % CI | |||
Arusha | 2812 | 80 | 2.84 | 2.2 | 3.5 | 2719 | 10 | 0.37 | 0.1 | 0.6 |
Coast | 1848 | 131 | 7.09 | 6 | 8.3 | 1845 | 62 | 3.36 | 2.5 | 4.2 |
Dar es salaam | 3780 | 230 | 6.08 | 5.3 | 6.8 | 3633 | 44 | 1.21 | 0.9 | 1.6 |
Dodoma | 1789 | 35 | 1.96 | 1.3 | 2.6 | 1769 | 63 | 3.56 | 2.7 | 4.4 |
Iringa | 1221 | 181 | 14.82 | 12.8 | 16.8 | 1206 | 23 | 1.91 | 1.1 | 2.7 |
Kagera | 1533 | 70 | 4.57 | 3.5 | 5.6 | 1488 | 70 | 4.7 | 3.6 | 5.8 |
Kigoma | 1293 | 17 | 1.31 | 1 | 2 | 1242 | 9 | 0.71 | 0.2 | 1.2 |
Kilimanjaro | 1269 | 40 | 3.15 | 2.2 | 4.1 | 1242 | 9 | 0.72 | 0.3 | 1.2 |
Lindi | 1071 | 58 | 5.42 | 4.1 | 6.8 | 1031 | 18 | 1.75 | 0.9 | 2.5 |
Manyara | 1879 | 45 | 2.39 | 1.7 | 3.1 | 1838 | 23 | 1.25 | 0.7 | 1.8 |
Mara | 1255 | 53 | 4.22 | 3.1 | 5.3 | 1232 | 23 | 1.87 | 1.1 | 2.6 |
Mbeya | 2563 | 290 | 11.31 | 10.1 | 12.5 | 2483 | 55 | 2.22 | 1.6 | 2.8 |
Morogoro | 1576 | 88 | 5.58 | 4.4 | 6.7 | 1570 | 12 | 0.76 | 0.3 | 1.2 |
Mtwara | 867 | 48 | 5.54 | 4 | 7.1 | 859 | 35 | 4.07 | 2.7 | 5.4 |
Mwanza | 2969 | 126 | 4.24 | 3.5 | 5 | 2942 | 197 | 6.7 | 5.8 | 7.6 |
Rukwa | 2033 | 170 | 8.36 | 7.2 | 9.6 | 2007 | 70 | 3.49 | 2.7 | 4.3 |
Ruvuma | 1651 | 122 | 7.39 | 6.1 | 8.7 | 1633 | 45 | 2.75 | 2 | 3.6 |
Shinyanga | 3385 | 195 | 5.76 | 5 | 6.5 | 3360 | 80 | 2.38 | 1.9 | 2.9 |
Singida | 1429 | 70 | 4.9 | 3.8 | 6 | 1398 | 18 | 1.29 | 0.7 | 1.9 |
Tabora | 1877 | 89 | 4.74 | 3.8 | 5.7 | 1824 | 56 | 3.07 | 2.3 | 3.9 |
Tanga | 1598 | 76 | 4.76 | 3.7 | 5.8 | 1582 | 34 | 2.15 | 1.4 | 2.9 |
Total | 39,698 | 2214 | 5.58 | 5.35 | 5.80 | 38,920 | 956 | 2.46 | 2.3 | 3.6 |
Region | 2011 ANC HIV prevalence | 2011–12 THMIS HIV prevalence* | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Positive | Prevalence (%) | Women | Men | Total | ||||
Prevalence | Number | Prevalence | Number | Prevalence | Number | ||||
Arusha | 2812 | 80 | 2.84 | 3.9 | 290 | 2.3 | 245 | 3.2 | 535 |
Coast | 1848 | 131 | 7.09 | 9.2 | 187 | 2.1 | 159 | 5.9 | 346 |
Dar es salaam | 3780 | 230 | 6.08 | 8.2 | 962 | 5.3 | 802 | 6.9 | 1764 |
Dodoma | 1789 | 35 | 1.96 | 2.1 | 373 | 3.7 | 332 | 2.7 | 705 |
Iringa | 1221 | 181 | 14.82 | 10.9 | 183 | 6.9 | 145 | 9.1 | 328 |
Kagera | 1533 | 70 | 4.57 | 5.5 | 399 | 4.1 | 355 | 4.8 | 754 |
Kigoma | 1293 | 17 | 1.31 | 4.5 | 405 | 2.0 | 305 | 3.4 | 270 |
Kilimanjaro | 1269 | 40 | 3.15 | 4.9 | 343 | 2.2 | 244 | 3.8 | 587 |
Lindi | 1071 | 58 | 5.42 | 4.3 | 167 | 1.1 | 123 | 2.9 | 290 |
Manyara | 1879 | 45 | 2.39 | 2.7 | 232 | 0.3 | 227 | 1.5 | 459 |
Mara | 1255 | 53 | 4.22 | 5.2 | 385 | 3.5 | 321 | 4.5 | 706 |
Mbeya | 2563 | 290 | 11.31 | 11.0 | 619 | 6.7 | 538 | 9.0 | 1157 |
Morogoro | 1576 | 88 | 5.58 | 5.3 | 352 | 2.1 | 322 | 3.8 | 674 |
Mtwara | 867 | 48 | 5.54 | 6.0 | 333 | 1.5 | 237 | 4.1 | 570 |
Mwanza | 2969 | 126 | 4.24 | 4.7 | 509 | 3.7 | 411 | 4.2 | 920 |
Rukwa | 2033 | 170 | 8.36 | 6.8 | 164 | 5.5 | 131 | 6.2 | 295 |
Ruvuma | 1651 | 122 | 7.39 | 9.1 | 619 | 4.1 | 441 | 7.1 | 1061 |
Shinyanga | 3385 | 195 | 5.76 | 8.1 | 368 | 6.6 | 313 | 7.4 | 681 |
Singida | 1429 | 70 | 4.9 | 4.5 | 370 | 1.8 | 320 | 3.3 | 690 |
Tabora | 1877 | 89 | 4.74 | 5.8 | 383 | 4.5 | 390 | 5.1 | 774 |
Tanga | 1598 | 76 | 4.76 | 3.5 | 508 | 0.7 | 325 | 2.4 | 833 |
Total | 39,698 | 2214 | 5.58 | 6.2 | 9756 | 3.8 | 7989 | 5.1 | 17, 745 |