Introduction
Methods
Outcome of interest
Protocol and registration
Eligibility criteria
Search strategy and selection process
Assessment of the methodological quality and risk of bias of included studies
Data item and collection process
Analysis
Results
Included studies search process
Characteristics of included studies
Study participation
Author and publication year | Study design, settings, and year | Sex | Mean age (years) | Matched mean age (years) | HIV status | Hypertension definition criteria used for MetS estimate | MetS definition criteria | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HIV+ | HIV− | HIV+ | HIV− | |||||||
1 | Amusa et al., 2016 [33] | Cross sectional, Nigeria, NS | Both | 41 ± 7/40 ± 8 α | 41 ± 7 | 40 ± 8 | 150 | 50 | Not stated | Other |
2 | Ayodele et al., 2012 [32] | Cross sectional, Nigeria, NS | Both | 39.5–9.3 | NA | NA | 291 | NA | ≥ 130/85 and on antihypertensive treatment | IDF, ATP, JIS |
3 | Berhane et al., 2012 [34] | Cross-sectional, Ethiopia, 2010 | Both | 18 and above | NA | NA | 313 | NA | ≥140/90 and on antihypertensive treatment | ATP |
4 | Tesfaye et al., 2014 [42] | Cross sectional, Ethiopia, 2012–13 | Both | 32.7 ± 9.7 (ART) 32.6 ± 7.8 (naïve) | NA | NA | 374 | NA | ≥ 130/85 and on antihypertensive treatment | IDF, ATP |
5 | Sobieszczyk et al., 2016 [29] | Cross-sectional, South Africa, 2013 | Female | Median 24 years | NA | NA | 160 | NA | ≥ 130/85 and on antihypertensive treatment | ATP |
6 | Obirikorang et al., 2016 [41] | Cross sectional, Ghana,2013 | Both | 40.3 ± 0.8 | NA | NA | 433 | NA | ≥ 130/85 and on antihypertensive treatment | IDF, ATP, WHO |
7 | Ngatchou et al., 2013 [40] | Cross sectional, Cameroon, 2009–10 | Both | 41 ± 12α/39 ± 10 | 39.0 ± 10.0 | 41 ± 12 | 108 | 96 | ≥ 140/90 and on antihypertensive treatment | IDF |
8 | Fourie et al., 2010 [35] | Case control, South Africa, 2005 | Both | 44 ± 7.81α/44 ± 8.04 | 44.0 ± 8.04 | 44.0 ± 7.81 | 300 | 300 | ≥ 130/85 and on antihypertensive treatment | IDF, ATP |
9 | Muhammad et al., 2013 [45] | Cross sectional, Nigeria, 2009 | Both | 32.5 ± 7.55 | NA | NA | 200 | NA | ≥ 140/90 and on antihypertensive treatment | IDF |
10 | Mbunkah et al., 2014 [38] | Cross sectional, Cameroon, 2010–11 | Both | 18–70 | 41.1 ± 11.2 | 47.3 ± 13.7 | 173 | 50 | ≥ 130/85 and on antihypertensive treatment | ATP |
11 | Guehi et al., 2016 [30] | Randomized control trial, Ivory Coast, 2008–14 | Both | 29–42 | NA | NA | 755 | NA | ≥ 140/90 and on antihypertensive treatment | ATP |
12 | Mashinya et al., 2015 [37] | Cross sectional, South Africa, 2013–14 | Both | 44.8 ± 11.8 | NA | NA | 214 | NA | ≥ 140/90 and on antihypertensive treatment | ATP |
13 | Guira et al., 2016 [31] | Cross sectional, Burkina Faso, 2011 | Both | 44.8 + 7.4 | NA | NA | 300 | NA | ≥ 130/85 and on antihypertensive treatment | IDF |
14 | Hirigo et al., 2016 [36] | Cross sectional, Ethiopia, 2013 | Both | 26.5–38 | NA | NA | 185 | NA | ≥ 130/85 and on antihypertensive treatment | IDF, ATP |
15 | Zannou et al., 2009 [28] | Cohort, Benin, 2004–09 | Both | 38.0 ± 9.7 | NA | NA | 79 | NA | ≥ 130/85 and on antihypertensive treatment | IDF |
16 | Muyanja et al., 2016 [39] | Cross sectional, Uganda, NS | Both | 30–43 | NA | NA | 250 | NA | ≥ 140/90 and on antihypertensive treatment | ATP |
17 | Adébayo et al., 2015 [44] | Cross-sectional, Benin, NS | Both | 40,7 ± 9,71 | NA | NA | 244 | NA | ≥130/85 and on antihypertensive treatment | Other |
18 | Sawadogo et al., 2005 [43] | Cross sectional, Burkina Faso, 2011 | Both | 41.4 ± 8.8 | NA | NA | 400 | NA | ≥ 140/90 and on antihypertensive treatment | IDF, ATP |
Author and publication year | Metabolic syndrome subcomponent | ||
---|---|---|---|
HIV+ | HIV− | ||
1 | Amusa et al., 2016 [33] | Hypertension, diabetes, visceral obesity | Hypertension, diabetes, visceral obesity |
2 | Ayodele et al., 2012 [32] | Hypertension, diabetes, visceral obesity, high triglyceride, low HDL cholesterol | – |
3 | Berhane et al., 2012 [34] | Hypertension, diabetes, visceral obesity, high triglyceride | – |
4 | Tesfaye et al., 2014 [42] | Hypertension, diabetes, high triglyceride, low HDL cholesterol | – |
5 | Sobieszczyk et al., 2016 [29] | Diabetes, visceral obesity, high triglyceride, low HDL cholesterol | – |
6 | Obirikorang et al., 2016 [41] | – | – |
7 | Ngatchou et al., 2013 [40] | Diabetes | Diabetes |
8 | Fourie et al., 2010 [35] | Hypertension, diabetes, visceral obesity, high triglyceride, low HDL cholesterol | Hypertension, diabetes, visceral obesity, high triglyceride, low HDL cholesterol |
9 | Muhammad et al., 2013 [45] | Hypertension, diabetes, low HDL cholesterol | – |
10 | Mbunkah et al., 2014 [38] | Hypertension | – |
11 | Guehi et al., 2016 [30] | Hypertension, diabetes, visceral obesity, high triglyceride | – |
12 | Mashinya et al., 2015 [37] | Hypertension, diabetes, high triglyceride, low HDL cholesterol | – |
13 | Guira et al., 2016 [31] | Hypertension, diabetes, high triglyceride, low HDL cholesterol | – |
14 | Hirigo et al., 2016 [36] | Hypertension, diabetes | – |
15 | Zannou et al., 2009 [28] | Hypertension, diabetes, visceral obesity, high triglyceride | – |
16 | Muyanja et al., 2016 [39] | Hypertension, high triglyceride, low HDL cholesterol | – |
17 | Adébayo et al., 2015 [44] | Hypertension, diabetes, high triglyceride | Hypertension, diabetes, visceral obesity |
18 | Sawadogo et al., 2005 [43] | Diabetes | – |
Risk of bias
Quality assessment
Outcome measurement
Author and publication year | HIV status | Prevalence by definition criteria | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HIV+ | HIV− | IDF | ATP | Others | ||
1 | Amusa et al., 2016 [33] | 150 | 50 | NA | NA | 41 (27.3%), P < 0.01Ϯ 2 (4%), P < 0.01α—not stated |
2 | Ayodele et al., 2012 [32] | 291 | NA | 50 (17.2%) | 37 (12.7%) | 61(21.0%)—JIS |
3 | Berhane et al., 2012 [34] | 313 | NA | NA | 66 (21.1%) | NA |
4 | Tesfaye et al., 2014 [42] | 374 | NA | 23.8% | 16.8% | NA |
5 | Sobieszczyk et al., 2016 [29] | 160 | NA | NA | 27 (8.7%) | NA |
6 | Obirikorang et al., 2016 [41] | 433 | NA | 183 (42.3%) | 209 (48.3%) | 106 (24.5%)—WHO |
7 | Ngatchou et al., 2013 [40] | 108 | 96 | 47.0%, P = 0.02Ϯ 21.0%, P = 0.02α | NA | NA |
8 | Fourie et al., 2010 [35] | 300 | 300 | 21.1%, P = 0.65Ϯ 22.6%, P = 0.65α | 15.2% P = 0.18Ϯ 11.5% P = 0.18α | NA |
9 | Muhammad et al., 2013 [45] | 200 | NA | ART = 21.0%; Naive = 9.0% P = 0.017 | NA | NA |
10 | Mbunkah et al., 2014 [38] | 173 | 50 | NA | 15.6% (27/173) (P = 0.020)Ϯ 8.0% (4/50)α | NA |
11 | Guehi et al., 2016 [30] | 755 | NA | NA | 47 (6.2%) P > 0.0001 | NA |
12 | Mashinya et al., 2015 [37] | 214 | NA | NA | 20 (9.6%) P = 0.56 | NA |
13 | Guira et al., 2016 [31] | 300 | NA | 54 (18.0%) | NA | NA |
14 | Hirigo et al., 2016 [36] | 185 | NA | 24.3% (45/185) | 17.8% | NA |
15 | Zannou et al., 2009 [28] | 79 | NA | 10 (12.7%) | NA | NA |
16 | Muyanja et al., 2016 [39] | 250 | NA | NA | 145/250 (58.0%) P value = 0.10 | NA |
Author and publication year | Hypertension | Diabetes | Visceral obesity | High triglycerides | Low HDL cholesterol | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HIV+ | HIV− | HIV+ | HIV− | HIV+ | HIV− | HIV+ | HIV− | HIV+ | HIV− | ||
1 | Amusa et al., 2016 [33] | 46.0% P < 0.01 | 5/50 (10.0%) P < 0.01 | 42/150 (28.0%) P < 0.01 | 2/50 (4.0%) P < 0.01 | 48/150 (32.0%) P 0.79 | 15/50 (30%) P 0.79 (P = 0.79) | NP | NP | NP | NP |
2 | Ayodele et al., 2012 [32] | 82 (28.2%), P = 0.146 | NP | 54 (18.6%) P = 0.600 | NP | 56 (19.2%) P < 0.001 | NP | 38 (13.1%) P = 0.880 | NP | 159 (54.6) P = 0.013 | NP |
3 | Berhane et al., 2012 [34] | 110/313 (35.1%) | NP | 78/313 (24.9%) | 43/313 (13.7%) | 83/31 (26.5%) | NP | ||||
4 | Tesfaye et al., 2014 [42] | SBP = 39/374 DBP = 33/374 | NP | 103 | NP | NP | NP | 154 | NP | 248 | NP |
5 | Sobieszczyk et al., 2016 [29] | NP | NP | (0.7 to 1.9%) P = 0.346 | 33.5 to 44.3% (P = 0.060) | 9.4 to 13.3%, P = 0.112 | 56.6 to 61.0%, P = 0.283 | ||||
6 | Obirikorang et al., 2016 [41] | NP | NP | NP | NP | NP | NP | NP | NP | NP | NP |
7 | Ngatchou et al., 2013 [40] | NP | NP | 26% P < 0.01 | 1% P < 0.01 | NP | NP | NP | NP | NP | NP |
8 | Fourie et al., 2010 [35] | 50.0% P = 0.03 | 59.0% P = 0.03 | ATP III 22.7% P = 0.49 IDF 36.6% P = 0.08 | ATP III 25.1% P = 0.49 IDF 43.7% P = 0.08 | ATP III Male—0.9% P = 0.32 Female—18.3% P = 0.93 IDF Male—2.6% P = 0.31 Female—33.9% P - 0.22 (P = 0.22) | ATP III Male—0.0% P - 0.32 (P = 0.32) Female—18.7% P - 0.93 (P = 0.93) IDF Male—0.9% P - 0.31 (P = 0.31) Female—40.1% P - 0.22 (P = 0.22) | ATP III 18.2% P = 0.19 IDF 14.3% P = 0.19 | ATP III 17.6% P = 0.28 IDF 14.3% P = 0.28 | ATP III Male—47.4%, Female—62.6% P < 0.0001 IDF Male—46.5% P < 0.0001 Female—62.6% P < 0.0001 | ATP III Male—12.1% P < 0.0001 Female—33.7% P < 0.0001 IDF Male—11.2% P < 0.0001 Female—33.7% P < 0.0001 |
9 | Muhammad et al., 2013 [45] | 9.5 (P < 0.001). | NP | 3 (P = 1.0) | NP | NP | NP | 16 | 68.5% | ||
10 | Mbunkah et al., 2014 [38] | 24.7% | NP | NP | NP | NP | NP | NP | NP | NP | NP |
11 | Guehi et al., 2016 [30] | 37 (4.9%) | NP | 4 (0.5%) | NP | 128 (17.0%) | NP | 128 (17.0%) | NP | NP | NP |
12 | Mashinya et al., 2015 [37] | 56 (26.2%) | NP | 10 (4.7%) | NP | NP | NP | Male = 35.0 vs female = 12.5%, P = 0.001) | 91 (43.8%) | ||
13 | Guira et al., 2016 [31] | 36 (66.7%) | NP | 16 (29.6%) | 27 (50%) | 37 (68.5%) | |||||
14 | Hirigo et al., 2016 [36] | 18/185 P = 0.84 | NP | IDF criteria 58 (31.3%) | NP | NP | NP | NP | NP | NP | NP |
15 | Zannou et al., 2009 [28] | 29 (42.6) | 6 (7.6%) | 24 (33.3%) | NP | 10 (14.1%) | NP | NP | NP | ||
16 | Muyanja et al., 2016 [39] | 13 (5.2%) P = 0.46 | NP | NP | NP | NP | NP | 74 (29.6%) 0.76 | NP | 214 (85.6%) 0.16 | NP |
17 | Adébayo et al., 2015 [44]* | 60 (24.6%) | 5 (10%), P < 0.01 | 5 (2.04%) | 2 (4.0%) | NP | NP | 44 (18.0%) Male—12 (12.6%) Female—26 (13.3%) | NP | NP | NP |
18 | Sawadogo et al., 2005 [43]* | NP | NP | 1.3%, CI (0.5–3.0) | NP | NP | NP | NP | NP | NP | NP |