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International Urology and Nephrology
Erschienen in: International Urology and Nephrology 5/2018

22.03.2018 | Urology - Review

Prevalence, pathophysiological mechanisms and factors affecting urolithiasis

verfasst von: Aslam Khan

Erschienen in: International Urology and Nephrology | Ausgabe 5/2018

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Abstract

The formation of urinary stone, urolithiasis, is one the oldest known disease affecting human throughout different civilizations and times. The exact pathophysiological mechanism of urolithiasis is not yet clear, as these calculi are of various types and too complex for simple understanding. A single theory cannot explain its formation; therefore, different theories are presented in various times for its explanation like free particle, fixed particle, Randall’s plaque theory. In addition, various factors and components are identified that play an important role in the formation of these urinary calculi. In this review, composition of kidney stones, its prevalence/incidence, explanation of pathophysiological mechanisms and role of various factors; urinary pH, uric acid, parathyroid hormone, citrate, oxalate, calcium and macromolecules; osteopontin, matrix Gla protein, kidney injury molecules, urinary prothrombin fragment-1, Tamm–Horsfall protein, inter-α-inhibitors, have been discussed in detail.
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Metadaten
Titel
Prevalence, pathophysiological mechanisms and factors affecting urolithiasis
verfasst von
Aslam Khan
Publikationsdatum
22.03.2018
Verlag
Springer Netherlands
Erschienen in
International Urology and Nephrology / Ausgabe 5/2018
Print ISSN: 0301-1623
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-2584
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-018-1849-2

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