Background
Methods
Sample
Data analysis
Results
Variable | Voluntary (N = 196,389), data in % | Involuntary (N = 17,206), data in % | Group comparison |
p value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | Male | 57.6 | 58.0 |
\( \chi_{\left( 1 \right)}^{2} = 1.047 \)
|
p = .306 |
Female | 42.4 | 42.0 | |||
Age | M (SD) | 44.41 (17.04) | 48.55 (19.52) | t(19,561.444) = −26.877 |
p < .001 |
<18 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
\( \chi_{\left( 7 \right)}^{2} = 1263.41 \)
|
p < .001 | |
18–21 | 5.4 | 6.2 | |||
22–30 | 18.0 | 13.6 | |||
31–40 | 22.1 | 18.5 | |||
41–50 | 24.5 | 22.7 | |||
51–60 | 12.7 | 12.3 | |||
61–70 | 6.9 | 8.4 | |||
>70 | 10.2 | 18.1 | |||
Marital status | Married | 28.4 | 30.7 |
\( \chi_{\left( 2 \right)}^{2} = 195.049 \)
|
p < .001 |
Single | 71.6 | 69.3 | |||
Nationality | German | 95.1 | 94.0 |
\( \chi_{\left( 4 \right)}^{2} = 39.927 \)
|
p < .001 |
Turkish | 2.2 | 2.4 | |||
Polish | 0.3 | 0.4 | |||
Italian | 0.3 | 0.3 | |||
Other | 2.1 | 2.8 | |||
Religion | Roman-Catholic | 49.6 | 54.2 | Due to a high amount of missing data no statistics could be used | |
Protestant | 34.4 | 32.7 | |||
Muslim | 3.9 | 3.1 | |||
Other | 12.1 | 10.0 | |||
Month of admission (most frequent) | 1 | August: 8.7 | July: 9.5 |
\( \chi_{{\left( {11} \right)}}^{2} = 88.221 \)
|
p < .001 |
2 | July: 8.6 | August: 9.1 | |||
3 | March: 8.6 | June: 9.0 | |||
Time of day of admission | Morning (8–12 a.m.) | 48.0 | 16.2 |
\( \chi_{\left( 2 \right)}^{2} = 9704.74 \)
|
p < .001 |
Afternoon (12 a.m.–4 p.m.) | 27.2 | 26.3 | |||
Late afternoon and night (4 p.m.–8 a.m.) | 24.8 | 57.5 | |||
Admission type | Hospital doctor on call | 13.7 | 33.5 |
\( \chi_{\left( 6 \right)}^{2} = 3449.047 \)
|
p < .001 |
(Psychiatrist) | 31.5 | 31.8 | |||
General practitioner | 46.1 | 19.7 | |||
Other specialist | 8.4 | 14.7 | |||
Service allocation | General psychiatry | 40.4 | 48.2 |
\( \chi_{\left( 3 \right)}^{2} = 2380.468 \)
|
p < .001 |
Addiction psychiatry | 41.3 | 28.0 | |||
Gerontopsychiatry | 11.8 | 20.9 | |||
Other | 6.5 | 3.0 | |||
Main diagnosis (ICD-10) | F0 | 5.1 | 16.1 |
\( \chi_{{\left( {10} \right)}}^{2} = 7709.130 \)
|
p < .001 |
F1 | 36.7 | 22.8 | |||
F2 | 14.7 | 30.5 | |||
F3 | 28.2 | 14.9 | |||
F4 | 3.1 | 2.8 | |||
F5 | 0.2 | 0.1 | |||
F6 | 5.2 | 6.8 | |||
F7 | 1.7 | 1.8 | |||
F8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |||
F9 | 0.2 | 0.5 | |||
G3 | 2.2 | 3.4 | |||
Comorbidity | Psychiatric | 47.4 | 43.6 |
\( \chi_{{\left( {22} \right)}}^{2} = 1137.372 \)
|
p < .001 |
Somatic | 10.8 | 10.7 |
\( \chi_{{\left( {40} \right)}}^{2} = 208.934 \)
|
p < .001 | |
Duration of stay | M (SD) | 22.60 (23.795) | 24.84 (28.480) | t(19,367.606) = −10.005 |
p < .001 |
1 day | 1.4 | 3.7 |
\( \chi_{\left( 8 \right)}^{2} = 5922.69 \)
|
p < .001 | |
2 days | 5.0 | 10.0 | |||
2 weeks | 42.1 | 34.0 | |||
6 weeks | 36.4 | 34.2 | |||
≥7 weeks | 15.1 | 18.2 | |||
Number of previous treatments | M (SD) | 7.61 (12.79) | 5.84 (10.12) | t(22,316.321) = 21.397 |
p < .001 |
1 | 24.5 | 33.5 |
\( \chi_{\left( 4 \right)}^{2} = 786.410 \)
|
p < .001 | |
2 | 16.2 | 16.3 | |||
3 | 11.0 | 10.4 | |||
4–10 | 29.6 | 25.7 | |||
>10 | 18.8 | 14.1 |
Demographic factors
Year of admittance | Age voluntary | Age involuntary | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
M | SD | M | SD | |
2004 | 46.66 | 18.569 | 43.73 | 17.025 |
2005 | 47.71 | 19.314 | 44.01 | 17.077 |
2006 | 48.06 | 19.571 | 44.22 | 16.936 |
2007 | 48.89 | 19.744 | 44.28 | 16.799 |
2008 | 50.16 | 19.805 | 44.65 | 16.862 |
2009 | 49.46 | 19.794 | 45.33 | 17.476 |
Service-related factors
Illness-related factors
Main diagnosis | Year | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | |||||||
N
| % |
N
| % |
N
| % |
N
| % |
N
| % |
N
| % | |
F0 | 324 | 12.8 | 406 | 13.9 | 446 | 15.7 | 471 | 16.6 | 567 | 18.8 | 563 | 18.5 |
F1 | 683 | 26.9 | 693 | 23.7 | 646 | 22.7 | 604 | 21.3 | 630 | 20.9 | 659 | 21.6 |
F2 | 818 | 32.2 | 957 | 32.7 | 834 | 29.4 | 868 | 30.6 | 877 | 29.0 | 900 | 29.5 |
F3 | 336 | 13.2 | 408 | 13.9 | 453 | 16.0 | 426 | 15.0 | 436 | 14.4 | 512 | 16.8 |
F4 | 102 | 4.0 | 84 | 2.9 | 76 | 2.7 | 79 | 2.8 | 78 | 2.6 | 58 | 1.9 |
F5 | 1 | 0.0 | 3 | 0.1 | 4 | 0.1 | 1 | 0.0 | 3 | 0.1 | 2 | 0.1 |
F6 | 170 | 6.7 | 196 | 6.7 | 188 | 6.6 | 195 | 6.9 | 222 | 7.4 | 204 | 6.7 |
F7 | 34 | 1.3 | 52 | 1.8 | 53 | 1.9 | 49 | 1.7 | 59 | 2.0 | 56 | 1.8 |
F8 | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 0.1 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
F9 | 13 | 0.5 | 10 | 0.3 | 23 | 0.8 | 21 | 0.7 | 17 | 0.6 | 9 | 0.3 |
G3 | 48 | 1.9 | 106 | 3.6 | 109 | 3.8 | 111 | 3.9 | 124 | 4.1 | 81 | 2.7 |
Not stated | 9 | 0.4 | 10 | 0.3 | 8 | 0.3 | 7 | 0.2 | 7 | 0.2 | 5 | 0.2 |
Total | 2538 | 100 | 2927 | 100 | 2840 | 100 | 2832 | 100 | 3020 | 100 | 3049 | 100 |