Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Indian Journal of Pediatrics 6/2019

11.05.2019 | Review Article

Prevention and Control of Anemia Amongst Children and Adolescents: Theory and Practice in India

verfasst von: Umesh Kapil, Radhika Kapil, Aakriti Gupta

Erschienen in: Indian Journal of Pediatrics | Ausgabe 6/2019

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Anemia is a major public health problem in India with prevalence of more than 50% amongst children and adolescents. The decline in the burden of anemia has been insignificant over the past 5 decades. The present review assesses the National Guidelines for Prevention and Control of Anemia in India, the current status of the program implementation and possible reasons for the continued high prevalence of anemia in the country.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat GBD 2017 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet. 2018;392:1789–858. GBD 2017 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet. 2018;392:1789–858.
2.
Zurück zum Zitat World Health Organization. The Global Prevalence of Anaemia in 2011. WHO Report; 2015. World Health Organization. The Global Prevalence of Anaemia in 2011. WHO Report; 2015.
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Lozoff B, Jimenez E, Wolf AW. Long-term developmental outcome of infants with iron deficiency. N Engl J Med. 1991;325:687–94.CrossRefPubMed Lozoff B, Jimenez E, Wolf AW. Long-term developmental outcome of infants with iron deficiency. N Engl J Med. 1991;325:687–94.CrossRefPubMed
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Pollitt E. Iron Deficiency and Cognitive Function. Annu Rev Nutr. 1993;13:521–37. Pollitt E. Iron Deficiency and Cognitive Function. Annu Rev Nutr. 1993;13:521–37.
5.
Zurück zum Zitat National Institute of Nutrition; Indian Council of Medical Research. Community studies using common salt fortified with iron. Annual Report; 1978. National Institute of Nutrition; Indian Council of Medical Research. Community studies using common salt fortified with iron. Annual Report; 1978.
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Rao KV, Radhaiah G, Raju SV. Association of growth status and the prevalence of anaemia in preschool children. Indian J Med Res. 1980;71:237–46.PubMed Rao KV, Radhaiah G, Raju SV. Association of growth status and the prevalence of anaemia in preschool children. Indian J Med Res. 1980;71:237–46.PubMed
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Singla PN, Gupta HP, Ahuja C, Agarwal KN. Deficiency anaemias in preschool children-estimation of prevalence based on response to haematinic supplementation. J Trop Pediatr. 1982;28:77–80.CrossRefPubMed Singla PN, Gupta HP, Ahuja C, Agarwal KN. Deficiency anaemias in preschool children-estimation of prevalence based on response to haematinic supplementation. J Trop Pediatr. 1982;28:77–80.CrossRefPubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat National Institute of Nutrition; Indian Council of Medical Research. National Nutrition Monitoring Bureau: Prevalence of Micronutrient Deficiencies: NNMB Technical Report No. 22. 2003. National Institute of Nutrition; Indian Council of Medical Research. National Nutrition Monitoring Bureau: Prevalence of Micronutrient Deficiencies: NNMB Technical Report No. 22. 2003.
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Government of India. Annual Health Survey: Clinical, Anthropometric and Bio-chemical (CAB) Survey; 2014. Government of India. Annual Health Survey: Clinical, Anthropometric and Bio-chemical (CAB) Survey; 2014.
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Toteja GS, Singh P, Dhillon BS, et al. Prevalence of anemia among pregnant women and adolescent girls in 16 districts of India. Food Nutr Bull. 2006;27:311–5.CrossRefPubMed Toteja GS, Singh P, Dhillon BS, et al. Prevalence of anemia among pregnant women and adolescent girls in 16 districts of India. Food Nutr Bull. 2006;27:311–5.CrossRefPubMed
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Petry N, Olofin I, Hurrell RF, et al. The proportion of anemia associated with iron deficiency in low, medium, and high human development index countries: a systematic analysis of national surveys. Nutrients. 2016;8:693.CrossRefPubMedCentral Petry N, Olofin I, Hurrell RF, et al. The proportion of anemia associated with iron deficiency in low, medium, and high human development index countries: a systematic analysis of national surveys. Nutrients. 2016;8:693.CrossRefPubMedCentral
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Nelson M, Bakaliou F, Trivedi A. Iron-deficiency anaemia and physical performance in adolescent girls from different ethnic backgrounds. Br J Nutr. 1994;72:427–33.CrossRefPubMed Nelson M, Bakaliou F, Trivedi A. Iron-deficiency anaemia and physical performance in adolescent girls from different ethnic backgrounds. Br J Nutr. 1994;72:427–33.CrossRefPubMed
15.
Zurück zum Zitat World Health Organization. Adolescent nutrition: a review of the situation in selected south-east Asian countries. New Delhi: Reg Off South-East Asia; 2006. p. 1–96. World Health Organization. Adolescent nutrition: a review of the situation in selected south-east Asian countries. New Delhi: Reg Off South-East Asia; 2006. p. 1–96.
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Li R, Chen X, Yan H, Deurenberg P, Garby L, Hautvast JG. Functional consequences of iron supplementation in iron-deficient female cotton mill workers in Beijing, China. Am J Clin Nutr. 1994;59:908–13.CrossRefPubMed Li R, Chen X, Yan H, Deurenberg P, Garby L, Hautvast JG. Functional consequences of iron supplementation in iron-deficient female cotton mill workers in Beijing, China. Am J Clin Nutr. 1994;59:908–13.CrossRefPubMed
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Yehuda S, Rabinovitz S, Carasso RL, Mostofsky DI. The effects of brain iron deficiency on cognitive and behavioral aspects. In: Yehuda S, Mostofsky DI, editors. Iron Deficiency and Overload. Totowa: Humana Press; 2009. p. 195–206.CrossRef Yehuda S, Rabinovitz S, Carasso RL, Mostofsky DI. The effects of brain iron deficiency on cognitive and behavioral aspects. In: Yehuda S, Mostofsky DI, editors. Iron Deficiency and Overload. Totowa: Humana Press; 2009. p. 195–206.CrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Ramakrishnan U. Nutritional Anemias. USA: CRC Press; 2001. Ramakrishnan U. Nutritional Anemias. USA: CRC Press; 2001.
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Seshadri S, Gopaldas T. Impact of iron supplementation on cognitive functions in preschool and school-aged children: the Indian experience. Am J Clin Nutr. 1989;50:675–84,85–6. Seshadri S, Gopaldas T. Impact of iron supplementation on cognitive functions in preschool and school-aged children: the Indian experience. Am J Clin Nutr. 1989;50:675–84,85–6.
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Soemantri AG, Pollitt E, Kim I. Iron deficiency anemia and educational achievement. Am J Clin Nutr. 1985;42:1221–8.CrossRefPubMed Soemantri AG, Pollitt E, Kim I. Iron deficiency anemia and educational achievement. Am J Clin Nutr. 1985;42:1221–8.CrossRefPubMed
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Pollitt E, Hathirat P, Kotchabhakdi NJ, Missell L, Valyasevi A. Iron deficiency and educational achievement in Thailand. Am J Clin Nutr. 1989;50:687–96,96–7. Pollitt E, Hathirat P, Kotchabhakdi NJ, Missell L, Valyasevi A. Iron deficiency and educational achievement in Thailand. Am J Clin Nutr. 1989;50:687–96,96–7.
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Soekarjo DD, de Pee S, Kusin JA, Bloem MW. School-based supplementation: lessons learned in Indonesia. SCN News. UK: United Nations System; 2006. p. 14–8. Soekarjo DD, de Pee S, Kusin JA, Bloem MW. School-based supplementation: lessons learned in Indonesia. SCN News. UK: United Nations System; 2006. p. 14–8.
23.
Zurück zum Zitat More S, Shivkumar VB, Gangane N, Shende S. Effects of iron deficiency on cognitive function in school going adolescent females in rural area of central India. Anemia. 2013;2013:819136.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral More S, Shivkumar VB, Gangane N, Shende S. Effects of iron deficiency on cognitive function in school going adolescent females in rural area of central India. Anemia. 2013;2013:819136.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Halterman JS, Kaczorowski JM, Aligne CA, Auinger P, Szilagyi PG. Iron deficiency and cognitive achievement among school-aged children and adolescents in the United States. Pediatrics. 2001;107:1381–6.CrossRefPubMed Halterman JS, Kaczorowski JM, Aligne CA, Auinger P, Szilagyi PG. Iron deficiency and cognitive achievement among school-aged children and adolescents in the United States. Pediatrics. 2001;107:1381–6.CrossRefPubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Guidelines for Control of Iron Deficiency Anaemia. National Iron Plus Initiative; 2013. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Guidelines for Control of Iron Deficiency Anaemia. National Iron Plus Initiative; 2013.
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Gera T, Sachdev HPS, Nestel P, Sachdev SS. Effect of iron supplementation on haemoglobin response in children: systematic review of randomised controlled trials. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2007;44:468–86.CrossRefPubMed Gera T, Sachdev HPS, Nestel P, Sachdev SS. Effect of iron supplementation on haemoglobin response in children: systematic review of randomised controlled trials. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2007;44:468–86.CrossRefPubMed
29.
Zurück zum Zitat National Institute of Nutrition. Nutrient Requirements and Recommended Dietary Allowances for Indians. Indian Council of Medical Research; 2010. National Institute of Nutrition. Nutrient Requirements and Recommended Dietary Allowances for Indians. Indian Council of Medical Research; 2010.
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Watanabe K, Petri WA. Environmental enteropathy: elusive but significant subclinical abnormalities in developing countries. EBioMedicine. 2016;10:25–32.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Watanabe K, Petri WA. Environmental enteropathy: elusive but significant subclinical abnormalities in developing countries. EBioMedicine. 2016;10:25–32.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Ngure FM, Reid BM, Humphrey JH, Mbuya MN, Pelto G, Stoltzfus RJ. Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH), environmental enteropathy, nutrition, and early child development: making the links. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2014;1308:118–28.CrossRefPubMed Ngure FM, Reid BM, Humphrey JH, Mbuya MN, Pelto G, Stoltzfus RJ. Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH), environmental enteropathy, nutrition, and early child development: making the links. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2014;1308:118–28.CrossRefPubMed
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Coffey D, Spears D, Vyas S. Switching to sanitation: understanding latrine adoption in a representative panel of rural Indian households. Soc Sci Med. 2017;188:41–50.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Coffey D, Spears D, Vyas S. Switching to sanitation: understanding latrine adoption in a representative panel of rural Indian households. Soc Sci Med. 2017;188:41–50.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Coffey D, Spears D. Implications of WASH benefits trials for water and sanitation. Lancet Glob Health. 2018;6:e615.CrossRefPubMed Coffey D, Spears D. Implications of WASH benefits trials for water and sanitation. Lancet Glob Health. 2018;6:e615.CrossRefPubMed
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Coffey D, Geruso M, Spears D. Sanitation, disease externalities and anaemia: evidence from Nepal. Econ J. 2018;128:1395–432.CrossRef Coffey D, Geruso M, Spears D. Sanitation, disease externalities and anaemia: evidence from Nepal. Econ J. 2018;128:1395–432.CrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Varghese JS, Swaminathan S, Kurpad AV, Thomas T. Demand and supply factors of iron-folic acid supplementation and its association with anaemia in north Indian pregnant women. PLoS One. 2019;14:e0210634.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Varghese JS, Swaminathan S, Kurpad AV, Thomas T. Demand and supply factors of iron-folic acid supplementation and its association with anaemia in north Indian pregnant women. PLoS One. 2019;14:e0210634.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Wendt AS, Stephenson R, Young MF, et al. Identifying bottlenecks in the iron and folic acid supply chain in Bihar, India: a mixed-methods study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2018;18:281 p. 1–12.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Wendt AS, Stephenson R, Young MF, et al. Identifying bottlenecks in the iron and folic acid supply chain in Bihar, India: a mixed-methods study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2018;18:281 p. 1–12.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Baird IM, Walters RL, Sutton DR. Absorption of slow-release iron and effects of ascorbic acid in normal subjects and after partial gastrectomy. Br Med J. 1974;4:505–8.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Baird IM, Walters RL, Sutton DR. Absorption of slow-release iron and effects of ascorbic acid in normal subjects and after partial gastrectomy. Br Med J. 1974;4:505–8.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Rudinskas L, Paton TW, Walker SE, Dotten DA, Cowan DH. Poor clinical response to enteric-coated iron preparations. CMAJ. 1989;141:565–6.PubMedPubMedCentral Rudinskas L, Paton TW, Walker SE, Dotten DA, Cowan DH. Poor clinical response to enteric-coated iron preparations. CMAJ. 1989;141:565–6.PubMedPubMedCentral
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Jacobs A, Rhodes J, Peters DK, Campbell H, Eakins JD. Gastric acidity and iron absorption. Br J Haematol. 1966;12:728–36.CrossRefPubMed Jacobs A, Rhodes J, Peters DK, Campbell H, Eakins JD. Gastric acidity and iron absorption. Br J Haematol. 1966;12:728–36.CrossRefPubMed
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Sachdev HPS, Kurpad A, Saxena R, Kapil U. National expert group technical consultation on prevention and treatment of iron deficiency anemia. Indian J Comm Health. 2018;30:1–11. Sachdev HPS, Kurpad A, Saxena R, Kapil U. National expert group technical consultation on prevention and treatment of iron deficiency anemia. Indian J Comm Health. 2018;30:1–11.
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Singh HS, Roychowdhury S, Verma P, Bhandari V. A review on recent advances of enteric coating. IOSR J Pharm. 2012;2:5–11. Singh HS, Roychowdhury S, Verma P, Bhandari V. A review on recent advances of enteric coating. IOSR J Pharm. 2012;2:5–11.
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Low MS, Speedy J, Styles CE, De-Regil LM, Pasricha SR. Daily iron supplementation for improving anaemia, iron status and health in menstruating women (review). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;4:CD009747.PubMed Low MS, Speedy J, Styles CE, De-Regil LM, Pasricha SR. Daily iron supplementation for improving anaemia, iron status and health in menstruating women (review). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;4:CD009747.PubMed
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Liberato SC, Singh G, Mulholland K. Zinc supplementation in young children: a review of the literature focusing on diarrhoea prevention and treatment. Clin Nutr. 2015;34:181–8.CrossRefPubMed Liberato SC, Singh G, Mulholland K. Zinc supplementation in young children: a review of the literature focusing on diarrhoea prevention and treatment. Clin Nutr. 2015;34:181–8.CrossRefPubMed
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Lazzerini M, Wanzira H. Oral zinc for treating diarrhoea in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;12:CD005436.PubMed Lazzerini M, Wanzira H. Oral zinc for treating diarrhoea in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;12:CD005436.PubMed
Metadaten
Titel
Prevention and Control of Anemia Amongst Children and Adolescents: Theory and Practice in India
verfasst von
Umesh Kapil
Radhika Kapil
Aakriti Gupta
Publikationsdatum
11.05.2019
Verlag
Springer India
Erschienen in
Indian Journal of Pediatrics / Ausgabe 6/2019
Print ISSN: 0019-5456
Elektronische ISSN: 0973-7693
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-019-02932-5

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 6/2019

Indian Journal of Pediatrics 6/2019 Zur Ausgabe

Update Pädiatrie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.