Tissue-Engineering ist mehr als nur Gewebezüchtung

 

 Buy Article Permissions and Reprints

Zusammenfassung

Tissue-Engineering, die In-vitro-Züchtung bioartifizieller Gewebe, ist ein junges, multidisziplinäres wissenschaftliches Gebiet mit dem Ziel der Herstellung von Gewebe oder Organen für den Ersatz des erkrankten oder zu Grunde gegangenen Gewebes im humanen Organismus. Mit Hilfe des Tissue Engineering auf der Grundlage von Polymer- oder dezellularisierten biologischen Matrizes und körpereigenen oder körperfremden Zellen könnten in Zukunft ideale Ersatzmaterialien hergestellt werden. Zahlreiche der in vitro gezüchteten Gewebeäquivalente befinden sich bereits in der klinischen Erprobung. Die vorliegende Übersicht versucht eine Standortbestimmung über Gelungenes und Visionen aus diesem Wissenschaftsbereich an der Schwelle zum klinischen Einsatz für die Gebiete Haut, Herz, Herzklappen, Gefäße, Leber, Niere, Urogenitaltrakt und Nerven.

Abstract

Tissue engineering is a young, multidisciplinary scientific field which aims at generating bioartificial tissues in vitro to restore diseased human organs. This fledgling sector of biosciences emerged few years ago but draws scientific and public attention increasingly, as the recent accomplishments are impressive and promise alternative therapeutic concepts to replace or enhance failing human organs. Tissue engineering using either polymers or decellularised native allogeneic or xenogeneic matrices may provide the techniques to develop the ideal graft. The matrix scaffold can be seeded with cells that organise and develop into tissue prior to or following implantation. This review surveys upon recent developments in the field of in vitro tissue engineering (skin, heart, heart valves, blood vessels, liver, kidney, urogenital, and nerves), without claiming completeness, thus providing an insight into what has been attempted and what may be possible in the near future.

Literatur

• 1 Richtlinie 2004 / 23 / EG des Europäischen Parlaments und des Rates vom 31.03.2004 zur Festlegung von Qualitäts- und Sicherheitsstandards für die Spende, Beschaffung, Testung, Verarbeitung, Konservierung, Lagerung und Verteilung von menschlichen Geweben und Zellen. In: Amtsblatt der Europäischen Union 2004
  Google Scholar
• 2 Alberti C, Tizzani A, Piovano M, Greco A. What's in the pipeline about bladder reconstructive surgery? Some remarks on the state of the art.  Int J Artif Organs. 2004;  27 737-743
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 3 Badylak S F, Vorp D A, Spievack A R, Simmons-Byrd A, Hanke J, Freytes D O, Thapa A, Gilbert T W, Nieponice A. Esophageal reconstruction with ECM and muscle tissue in a dog model.  J Surg Res. 2005;  128 87-97
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 4 Barratt-Boyes B G. A method for preparing and inserting a homograft aortic valve.  B J Surg. 1965;  52 847-856
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 5 Bechtel J FM, Schmidtke C, Mueller-Steinhardt M, Brunswik A, Stierle U, Sievers H H. Evaluation of a decellularized homograft valve for reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract in the Ross-procedure. In: Second Biennal Meeting of the Society for Heart Valve Disease; 2003 28.06.2003-01.07.2003; Palais des Congres - Porte Maillot, Paris, France 2003; 347
  Google Scholar
• 6 Berglund J D, Mohseni M N, Nerem R M, Sambanis A. Abiological hybrid model for collagen-based tissue engineered vascular constructs.  Biomaterials. 2003;  24 1241-1254
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 7 Bilir B M, Guinette D, Karrer F, Kumpe D A, Krysl J, Stephens J, McGavran L, Ostrowska A, Durham J. Hepatocyte transplantation in acute liver failure.  Liver Transpl. 2000;  6 32-40
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 8 Breitbart A S, Mason J M, Urmacher C, Barcia M, Grant R T, Pergolizzi R G, Grande D A. Gene-enhanced tissue engineering: applications for wound healing using cultured dermal fibroblasts transduced retrovirally with the PDGF-B gene.  Ann Plast Surg. 1999;  43 632-639
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 9 Browne J E, Anderson A F, Arciero R, Mandelbaum B, Moseley Jr  J B, Micheli L J, Fu F, Erggelet C. Clinical outcome of autologous chondrocyte implantation at 5 years in US subjects.  Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2005;  436 237-245
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 10 Bucheler M, Scheffler B, Foerster U von, Bruinink A, Bootz F, Wintermantel E. [Growth of human respiratory epithelium on collagen foil].  Laryngorhinootologie. 2000;  79 160-164
  Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 11 Chang C H, Kuo T F, Lin C C, Chou C H, Chen K H, Lin F H, Liu H C. Tissue engineering-based cartilage repair with allogenous chondrocytes and gelatin-chondroitin-hyaluronan tri-copolymer scaffold: A porcine model assessed at 18, 24, and 36 weeks.  Biomaterials. 2006;  27 1876-1888
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 12 Chen P, Marsilio E, Goldstein R H, Yannas I V, Spector M. Formation of lung alveolar-like structures in collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds in vitro.  Tissue Eng. 2005;  11 1436-1448
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 13 Cheung A T, Dayanandan B, Lewis J T, Korbutt G S, Rajotte R V, Bryer-Ash M, Boylan M O, Wolfe M M, Kieffer T J. Glucose-dependent insulin release from genetically engineered K cells.  Science. 2000;  290 1959-1962
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 14 Clarke D R, Lust R M, Sun Y S, Black K S, Ollerenshaw J D. Transformation of nonvascular acellular tissue matrices into durable vascular conduits.  Ann Thorac Surg. 2001;  71 433-436
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 15 Coraux C, Nawrocki-Raby B, Hinnrasky J, Kileztky C, Gaillard D, Dani C, Puchelle E. Embryonic stem cells generate airway epithelial tissue.  Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2005;  32 87-92
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 16 De Filippo R E, Yoo J J, Atala A. Urethral replacement using cell seeded tubularized collagen matrices.  J Urol. 2002;  168 1789-1792 , discussion 1792-1793
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 17 de Groot M, Schuurs T A, van Schilfgaarde R. Causes of limited survival of microencapsulated pancreatic islet grafts.  J Surg Res. 2004;  121 141-150
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 18 Deutsch M, Meinhart J, Fischlein T, Preiss P, Zilla P. Clinical autologous in vitro endothelialization of infrainguinal ePTFE grafts in 100 patients: a 9-year experience.  Surgery. 1999;  126 847-855
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 19 Diehl K A, Foley J D, Nealey P F, Murphy C J. Nanoscale topography modulates corneal epithelial cell migration.  J Biomed Mater Res A. 2005;  75 603-611
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 20 Dohmen P M, Lembcke A, Hotz H, Kivelitz D, Konertz W F. Ross operation with a tissue-engineered heart valve.  Ann Thorac Surg. 2002;  74 1438-1442
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 21 Dohmen P M, Ozaki S, Verbeken E, Yperman J, Flameng W, Konertz W F. Tissue engineering of an auto-xenograft pulmonary heart valve.  Asian Cardiovasc Thoracic Ann. 2002;  10 25-30
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 22 Doyle M J, Sussel L. Engineering islets: lessons from stem cells and embryonic development.  Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2004;  33 149-162
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 23 Dufour J M, Rajotte R V, Zimmerman M, Rezania A, Kin T, Dixon D E, Korbutt G S. Development of an ectopic site for islet transplantation, using biodegradable scaffolds.  Tissue Eng. 2005;  11 1323-1331
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 24 Dutt K, Harris-Hooker S, Ellerson D, Layne D, Kumar R, Hunt R. Generation of 3D retina-like structures from a human retinal cell line in a NASA bioreactor.  Cell Transplant. 2003;  12 717-731
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 25 El-Kassaby A W, Retik A B, Yoo J J, Atala A. Urethral stricture repair with an off-the-shelf collagen matrix.  J Urol. 2003;  169 170-173 , discussion 173
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 26 Eschenhagen T, Zimmermann W H. Engineering myocardial tissue.  Circ Res. 2005;  97 1220-1231
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 27 Falke G, Yoo J J, Kwon T G, Moreland R, Atala A. Formation of corporal tissue architecture in vivo using human cavernosal muscle and endothelial cells seeded on collagen matrices.  Tissue Eng. 2003;  9 871-879
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 28 Fraser M, Thomas D F, Pitt E, Harnden P, Trejdosiewicz L K, Southgate J. A surgical model of composite cystoplasty with cultured urothelial cells: a controlled study of gross outcome and urothelial phenotype.  BJU Int. 2004;  93 609-616
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 29 Girton T S, Oegema T R, Grassl E D, Isenberg B C, Tranquillo R T. Mechanisms of stiffening and strengthening in media-equivalents fabricate using glycation.  J Biomech Eng. 2000;  122 216-223
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 30 Gislason G T, Lobdell D D, Kelly J H, Sussman N L. A treatment system for implementing an extracorporeal liver assist device.  Artif Organs. 1994;  18 385-389
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 31 Goldstein S, Clarke D R, Walsh S P, Black K S, O'Brien M F. Transpecies heart valve transplant: advanced studies of a bioengineered xeno-autograft.  Ann Thorac Surg. 2000;  70 1962-1969
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 32 Gulbins H, Goldemund A, Uhlig A, Pritisanac A, Meiser B, Reichart B. Implantation of an autologously endothelialized homograft.  J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2003;  126 890-891
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 33 Hammerman M R. Treatment for end-stage renal disease: an organogenesis / tissue engineering odyssey.  Transplant Immunol. 2004;  12 211-218
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 34 Hess D, Li L, Martin M, Sakano S, Hill D, Strutt B, Thyssen S, Gray D A, Bhatia M. Bone marrow-derived stem cells initiate pancreatic regeneration.  Nat Biotechnol. 200;  21 763-770 , Epub 2003 Jun 223
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 35 Hoerstrup S P, Sodian R, Sperling J S, Vacanti J P, Mayer Jr  J E. New pulsatile bioreactor for in vitro formation of tissue engineered heart valves.  Tissue Eng. 2000;  6 75-79
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 36 Horch R E, Kopp J, Kneser U, Beier J, Bach A D. Tissue engineering of cultured skin substitutes.  J Cell Mol Med. 2005;  9 592-608
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 37 Hou S, Xu Q, Tian W, Cui F, Cai Q, Ma J, Lee I S. The repair of brain lesion by implantation of hyaluronic acid hydrogels modified with laminin.  J Neurosci Methods. 2005;  148 60-70
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 38 Humes H D, Weitzel W F, Bartlett R H, Swaniker F C, Paganini E P, Luderer J R, Sobota J. Initial clinical results of the bioartificial kidney containing human cells in ICU patients with acute renal failure.  Kidney Int. 2004;  66 1578-1588
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 39 Hwang W Y. Haematopoetic graft engineering.  Ann Acad Med Singapore. 2004;  33 551-558
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 40 Ikarashi K, Li B, Suwa M, Kawamura K, Morioka T, Yao J, Khan F, Uchiyama M, Oite T. Bone marrow cells contribute to regeneration of damaged glomerular endothelial cells.  Kidney Int. 2005;  67 1925-1933
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 41 Isomatsu Y, Shin'oka T, Matsumura G, Hibino N, Konuma T, Nagatsu M, Kurosawa H. Extracardiac total cavopulmonary connection using a tissue-engineered graft.  J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2003;  126 1958-1962
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 42 Ito A, Hibino E, Kobayashi C, Terasaki H, Kagami H, Ueda M, Kobayashi T, Honda H. Construction and delivery of tissue-engineered human retinal pigment epithelial cell sheets, using magnetite nanoparticles and magnetic force.  Tissue Eng. 2005;  11 489-496
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 43 Ito A, Shinkai M, Honda H, Kobayashi T. Medical application of functionalized magnetic nanoparticles.  J Biosci Bioeng. 2005;  100 1-11
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 44 Kanemaru S, Nakamura T, Omori K, Magrufov A, Yamashita M, Ito J. Regeneration of mastoid air cells in clinical applications by in situ tissue engineering.  Laryngoscope. 2005;  115 253-258
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 45 Karp J M, Ferreira L S, Khademhosseini A, Kwon A H, Yeh J, Langer R S. Cultivation of human embryonic stem cells without the embryoid body step enhances osteogenesis in vitro.  Stem Cells. 2006;  24 835-843 , Epub 2005 Oct 27
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 46 Kim H S, Lim J B, Min Y H, Lee S T, Lyu C J, Kim E S, Kim H O. Ex vivo expansion of human umbilical cord blood CD34+ cells in a collagen bead-containing 3-dimensional culture system.  Int J Hematology. 2003;  78 126-132
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 47 Kim J, Suh S W, Shin J Y, Kim J H, Choi Y S, Kim H. Replacement of a tracheal defect with a tissue-engineered prosthesis: early results from animal experiments.  J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2004;  128 124-129
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 48 Kitazawa A, Shimizu N. Differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells into neurons using conditioned medium of dorsal root ganglia.  J Biosci Bioeng. 2005;  100 94-99
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 49 Kofidis T, de Bruin J L, Hoyt G, Ho Y, Tanaka M, Yamane T, Lebl D R, Swijnenburg R J, Chang C P, Quertermous T, Robbins R C. Myocardial restoration with embryonic stem cell bioartificial tissue transplantation.  J Heart Lung Transplant. 2005;  24 737-744
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 50 Kofidis T, Ruhparwar A, Akhyari P, Haverich A. A novel contractile artificial myocardial tissue - on the way to the bioartificial heart.  J Heart Lung Transplant. 2001;  20 188
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 51 L'Heureux N, Dusserre N, Konig G, Victor B, Keire P, Wight T N, Chronos N A, Kyles A E, Gregory C R, Hoyt G, Robbins R C, McAllister T N. Human tissue-engineered blood vessels for adult arterial revascularization.  Nat Med. 2006;  12 361-365 , Epub 2006 Feb 19
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 52 L'Heureux N, Paquet S, Labbe R, Germain L, Auger F A. A completely biological tissue-engineered human blood vessel.  FASEB J. 1998;  12 47-56
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 53 Lagasse E, Connors H, Al-Dhalimy M, Reitsma M, Dohse M, Osborne L, Wang X, Finegold M, Weissman I L, Grompe M. Purified hematopoietic stem cells can differentiate into hepatocytes in vivo.  Nat Med. 2000;  6 1229-1234
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 54 Lakshmanan Y, Frimberger D, Gearhart J D, Gearhart J P. Human embryoid body-derived stem cells in co-culture with bladder smooth muscle and urothelium.  Urology. 2005;  65 821-826
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 55 Laube H R, Duwe J, Rutsch W, Konertz W. Clinical experience with autologous endothelial cell-seeded polytetrafluoroethylene coronary artery bypass grafts.  J Thoracic Cardiovasc Surg. 2000;  120 134-141
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 56 Lee C J, Moon K D, Choi H, Woo J I, Min B H, Lee K B. Tissue engineered tracheal prosthesis with acceleratedly cultured homologous chondrocytes as an alternative of tracheal reconstruction.  J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino). 2002;  43 275-279
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 57 Leor J, Aboulafia-Etzion S, Dar A, Shapiro L, Barbash I M, Battler A, Granot Y, Cohen S. Bioengineered cardiac grafts: A new approach to repair the infarcted myocardium?.  Circulation. 2000;  102 III 56-III 61
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 58 Li X, Feng Q, Liu X, Dong W, Cui F. Collagen-based implants reinforced by chitin fibres in a goat shank bone defect model.  Biomaterials. 2006;  27 1917-1923
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 59 Llames S, Garcia E, Garcia V, Del Rio M, Larcher F, Jorcano J L, Lopez E, Holguin P, Miralles F, Otero J, Meana A. Clinical results of an autologous engineered skin.  Cell Tissue Bank. 2006;  7 47-53
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 60 Lopes M F, Cabrita A, Ilharco J, Pessa P, Patricio J. Grafts of porcine intestinal submucosa for repair of cervical and abdominal esophageal defects in the rat.  J Invest Surg. 2006;  19 105-111
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 61 Ma H L, Chen T H, Low-Tone Ho L, Hung S C. Neocartilage from human mesenchymal stem cells in alginate: implied timing of transplantation.  J Biomed Mater Res A. 2005;  74 439-446
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 62 Macchiarini P, Walles T, Biancosino C, Mertsching H. First human transplantation of a bioengineered airway tissue.  J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2004;  128 638-641
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 63 Marston W A. Dermagraft, a bioengineered human dermal equivalent for the treatment of chronic nonhealing diabetic foot ulcer.  Expert Rev Med Devices. 2004;  1 21-31
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 64 Martin U, Winkler M E, Id M, Radeke H, Arseniev L, Takeuchi Y, Simon A R, Patience C, Haverich A, Steinhoff G. Productive infection of primary human endothelial cells by pig endogenous retrovirus (PERV).  Xenotransplantation. 2000;  7 138-142
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 65 Martin Y, Vermette P. Bioreactors for tissue mass culture: design, charcterization, and recent advances.  Biomaterials. 2005;  26 7481-7503
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 66 Mauck R L, Yuan X, Tuan R S. Chondrogenic differentiation and functional maturation of bovine mesenchymal stem cells in long-term agarose culture.  Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2006;  14 179-189
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 67 Menasche P, Hagege A A, Scorsin M, Pouzet B, Desnos M, Duboc D, Schwartz K, Vilquin J T, Marolleau J P. Myoblast transplantation for heart failure.  Lancet. 2001;  357 279-280
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 68 Nakashima M. Tissue engineering in endodontics.  Aust Endod J. 2005;  31 111-113
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 69 Nehrer S, Domayer S, Dorotka R, Schatz K, Bindreiter U, Kotz R. Three-year clinical outcome after chondrocyte transplantation using a hyaluronan matrix for cartilage repair.  Eur J Radiol. 2006;  57 3-8 , Epub 2005 Sep 26
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 70 Nelson P T, Kondziolka D, Wechsler L, Goldstein S, Gebel J, DeCesare S, Elder E M, Zhang P J, Jacobs A, McGrogan M, Lee V M, Trojanowski J Q. Clonal human (hNT) neuron grafts for stroke therapy: neuropathology in a patient 27 months after implantation.  Am J Pathol. 2002;  160 1201-1206
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 71 Nerem R M. Role and mechanisms in vascular tissue engineering.  Biorheology. 2003;  40 281-364
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 72 Ng K W, Tham W, Lim T C, Hutmacher D W. Assimilating cell sheets and hybrid scaffolds for dermal tissue engineering.  J Biomed Mater Res A. 2005;  75 425-438
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 73 Niklason L E, Abbott W, Gao J, Klagges B, Hirschi K K, Ulubayram K, Conroy N, Jones R, Vasanawala A, Sanzgiri S, Langer R. Morphologic and mechanical characteristics of engineered bovine arteries.  J Vasc Surg. 2001;  33 628-638
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 74 Niklason L E, Gao J, Abbott W M, Hirschi K K, Houser S, Marini R, Langer R. Functional arteries grown in vitro.  Science. 1999;  284 489-493
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 75 Niklason L E, Langer R S. Advances in tissue engineering of blood vessels and other tissues.  Transpl Immunol. 1997;  5 303-306
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 76 Nishida K, Yamato M, Hayashida Y, Watanabe K, Yamamoto K, Adachi E, Nagai S, Kikuchi A, Maeda N, Watanabe H, Okano T, Tano Y. Corneal reconstruction with tissue-engineered cell sheets composed of autologous oral mucosal epithelium.  N Engl J Med. 2004;  351 1187-1196
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 77 O'Brien M F, Goldstein S, Walsh S, Black K S, Elkins R, Clarke D. The SynerGraft valve: a new acellular (nonglutaraldehyde-fixed) tissue heart valve for autologous recellularization first experimental studies before clinical implantation.  Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1999;  11 194-200
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 78 Opitz F, Schenke-Layland K, Richter W, Martin D P, Degenkolbe I, Wahlers T, Stock U A. Tissue engineering of ovine aortic blood vessel substitutes using applied shear stress and enzymatically derived vascular smooth muscle cells.  Ann Biomed Eng. 2004;  32 212-222
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 79 Ozawa T, Mickle D A, Weisel R D, Matsubayashi K, Fujii T, Fedak P W, Koyama N, Ikada Y, Li R K. Tissue-engineered grafts matured in the right ventricular outflow tract.  Cell Transplant. 2004;  13 169-177
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 80 Panoskaltsis N, Mantalaris A, Wu J H. Engineering a mimicry of bone marrow tissue ex vivo.  J Biosci Bioeng. 2005;  100 28-35
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 81 Pavcnik D, Uchida B T, Timmermans H A, Corless C L, O'Hara M, Toyota N, Moneta G L, Keller F S, Rösch J. Percutaneous bioprosthetic venous valve: A long-term study in sheep.  J Vasc Surg. 2002;  35 598-602
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 82 Perovic S V, Byun J S, Scheplev P, Djordjevic M L, Kim J H, Bubanj T. New perspectives of penile enhancement surgery: tissue engineering with biodegradable scaffolds.  Eur Urol. 2006;  49 139-147 , Epub 2005 Nov 2
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 83 Phillips J B, Bunting S C, Hall S M, Brown R A. Neural tissue engineering: a self-organizing collagen guidance conduit.  Tissue Eng. 2005;  11 1611-1617
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 84 Potten C S, Booth C. Keratinocyte stem cells: a commentary.  J Invest Dermatol. 2002;  119 888-899
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 85 Pradel W, Eckelt U, Lauer G. Bone regeneration after enucleation of mandibular cysts: comparing autogenous grafts from tissue-engineered bone and iliac bone.  Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2006;  101 285-290 , Epub 2006 Jan 19
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 86 Rahlf G, Urban P, Bohle R M. Morphology of healing in vascular prostheses.  Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1986;  34 43-48
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 87 Ramiya V K, Maraist M, Arfors K E, Schatz D A, Peck A B, Cornelius J G. Reversal of insulin-dependent diabetes using islets generated in vitro from pancreatic stem cells.  Nat Med. 2000;  6 278-282
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 88 Rifai K, Ott M, Bahr M M, Schneider A, Manns M P. Leberersatztherapie. Gesicherte Indikationen bei akutem Leberversagen [Liver replacement therapy. Reliable indications in acute liver failure].  Internist (Berl). 2003;  44 1485-1490
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 89 Rosenberg N, Martinez A, Sawyer P N, Wesolowsky S A, Postlethwait R W, Dillon M L. Tanned collagen arterial prosthesis of bovine carotid origin in man.  Ann Surg. 1966;  164 247
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 90 Ross D. Homograft replacement of the aortic valve.  B J Surg. 1967;  54 842-843
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 91 Samadikuchaksaraei A, Cohen S, Isaac K, Rippon H J, Polak J M, Bielby R C, Bishop A E. Derivation of distal airway epithelium from human embryonic stem cells.  Tissue Eng. 2006;  12 867-875
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 92 Santucci R A, Barber T D. Resorbable extracellular matrix grafts in urologic reconstruction.  Int Braz J Urol. 2005;  31 192-203
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 93 Schaner P J, Martin N D, Tulenko T N, Shapiro I M, Tarola N A, Leichter R F, Carabasi R A, DiMuzio P J. Decellularized veinas a potential scaffold for vascular tissue engineering.  J Vasc Surg. 2004;  40 146-153
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 94 Schindler M, Ahmed I, Kamal J, Nur-E-Kamal A, Grafe T H, Young Chung H, Meiners S. A synthetic nanofibrillar matrix promotes in vivo-like organization and morphogenesis in cell culture.  Biomaterials. 2005;  26 5624-5631
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 95 Schmidt C E, Baier J M. Acellular vascular tissues: natural biomaterials for tissue repair and tissue engineering.  Biomaterials. 2000;  21 2215-2231
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 96 Schultheiss D, Gabouev A I, Cebotari S, Tudorache I, Walles T, Schlote N, Wefer J, Kaufmann P M, Haverich A, Jonas U, Stief C G, Mertsching H. Biological vascularized matrix for bladder tissue engineering: matrix preparation, reseeding technique and short-term implantation in a porcine model.  J Urol. 2005;  173 276-280
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 97 Schulz T C, Noggle S A, Palmarini G M, Weiler D A, Lyons I G, Pensa K A, Meedeniya A C, Davidson B P, Lambert N A, Condie B G. Differentiation of human embryonic stem cells to dopaminergic neurons in serum-free suspension culture.  Stem Cells. 2004;  22 1218-1238
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 98 Seifalian A M, Tiwari A, Hamilton G, Salacinski H J. Improving the clinical patency of prosthetic vascular and coronary bypass grafts: the role of seeding and tissue engineering.  Artif Organs. 2002;  26 307-320
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 99 Shany B, Vago R, Baranes D. Growth of primary hippocampal neuronal tissue on an aragonite crystalline biomatrix.  Tissue Eng. 2005;  11 585-596
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 100 Shigematsu K, Hattori K, Kobata Y, Kawamura K, Yajima H, Takakura Y. Treatment of Kienbock's disease with cultured stem cell-seeded hybrid tendon roll interposition arthroplasty: experimental study.  J Orthop Sci. 2006;  11 198-203
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 101 Shimizu T, Sekine H, Isoi Y, Yamato M, Kikuchi A, Okano T. Long-term survival and growth of pulsatile myocardial tissue grafts engineered by the layering of cardiomyocyte sheets.  Tissue Eng. 2006;  12 499-507
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 102 Shinoka T. Tisue engineered heart valves: autologous cell seeding on biodegradable polymer scaffold.  Artif Organs. 2002;  26 402-406
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 103 Shinoka T, Breuer C K, Tanel R E, Zund G, Miura T, Ma P X, Langer R, Vacanti J P, Mayer Jr  J E. Tissue engineering heart valves: valve leaflet replacement study in a lamb model.  Ann Thorac Surg. 1995;  60 S 513-S 516
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 104 Shinoka T, Shum-Tim D, Ma P X, Tanel R E, Isogai N, Langer R, Vacanti J P, Mayer Jr  J E. Creation of viable pulmonary artery autografts through tissue engineering.  J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1998;  115 536-545 , discussion 545-546
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 105 Shum-Tim D, Stock U, Hrkach J, Shinoka T, Lien J, Moses M A, Stamp A, Taylor G, Moran A M, Landis W, Langer R, Vacanti J P, Mayer J EJ. Tissue engineering of autologous aorta using a new biodegradable polymer.  Ann Thorac Surg. 1999;  68 2298-2304
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 106 Silva E A, Mooney D J. Synthetic extracellular matrices for tissue engineering and regeneration.  Curr Top Dev Biol. 2004;  64 181-205
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 107 Simon P, Kasimir M T, Seebacher G, Weigel G, Ullrich R, Salzer-Muhar U, Rieder E, Wolner E. Early failure of the tissue engineered porcine heart valve SYNERGRAFT in pediatric patients.  Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2003;  23discussion 1006 1002-1006
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 108 Skalak R, Fox C. Tissue Engineering. In: Skalak R, Fox C (eds). Workshop on Tissue Engineering; 1988 26.-29.2.1988; Granlibakken, Lake Tahoe, CA, USA: Liss, New York, NY, USA 1988
  Google Scholar
• 109 Snow A. Genetic engineering: unnatural selection.  Nature. 2003;  424 619
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 110 Sodian R, Hoerstrup S P, Sperling J S, Daebritz S, Martin D P, Moran A M, Kim B S, Schoen F J, Vacanti J P, Mayer Jr  J E. Early In vivo experience with tissue-engineered trileaflet heart valves.  Circulation. 2000;  102 III 22-III 29
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 111 Stang F, Fansa H, Wolf G, Reppin M, Keilhoff G. Structural parameters of collagen nerve grafts influence peripheral nerve regeneration.  Biomaterials. 2005;  26 3083-3091
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 112 Steinhoff G, Stock U, Karim N, Mertsching H, Timke A, Meliss R R, Pethig K, Haverich A, Bader A. Tissue engineering of pulmonary heart valves on allogenic acellular matrix conduits: In vivo restoration of valve tissue.  Circulation. 2000;  102 III 50-III 55
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 113 Stock U A, Nagashima M, Khalil P N, Nollert G D, Herden T, Sperling J S, Moran A, Lien J, Martin D P, Schoen F J, Vacanti J P, Mayer Jr  J E. Tissue-engineered valved conduits in the pulmonary circulation.  J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2000;  119 732-740
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 114 Stoffers D A, Kieffer T J, Hussain M A, Drucker D J, Bonner-Weir S, Habener J F, Egan J M. Insulinotropic glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists stimulate expression of homeodomain protein IDX-1 and increase islet size in mouse pancreas.  Diabetes. 2000;  49 741-748
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 115 Strietzel F P. Tissue-engineered bone for lateral alveolar ridge augmentation: a case report.  Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2006;  21 131-135
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 116 Takagi M. Cell processing engineering for ex-vivo expansion of hematopoietic cells.  J Biosci Bioeng. 2005;  99 189-196
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 117 Teebken O E, Haverich A. Tissue engineering of small diameter vascular grafts.  Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2002;  23 475-485
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 118 Teebken O E, Puschmann C, Aper T, Haverich A, Mertsching H. Tissue-engineered bioprosthetic venous valve: a long-term study in sheep.  Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2003;  25 305-312
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 119 Teebken O E, Wilhelmi M, Haverich A. Tissue Engineering für Herzklappen und Gefäße.  Der Chirurg. 2005;  5 453-466
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 120 Tonello C, Vindigni V, Zavan B, Abatangelo S, Abatangelo G, Brun P, Cortivo R. In vitro reconstruction of an endothelialized skin substitute provided with a microcapillary network using biopolymer scaffolds.  FASEB J. 2005;  19 1546-1548 , Epub 2005 Jun 21
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 121 Tucker O P, Syburra T, Augstburger M, van Melle G, Gebhard S, Bosman F, Segesser L K von. Midterm clinical result of tissue-engineered vascular autografts seeded with autologous bone marrow cells. Small intestine without mucosa as a growing vascular conduit: a porcine experimental study.  J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2002;  124 1165-1175
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 122 Turnpenny L, Cameron I T, Spalluto C M, Hanley K P, Wilson D I, Hanley N A. Human embryonic germ cells for future neuronal replacement therapy.  Brain Res Bull. 2005;  68 76-82 , Epub 2005 Sep 15
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 123 Ueda M, Yamada Y, Ozawa R, Okazaki Y. Clinical case reports of injectable tissue-engineered bone for alveolar augmentation with simultaneous implant placement.  Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2005;  25 129-137
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 124 Ueno Y, Nagai H, Watanabe G, Ishikawa K, Yoshikawa K, Koizumi Y, Kameda K, Sugiyama T. Transplantation of rat hepatic stem-like (HSL) cells with collagen matrices.  Hepatol Res. 2005;  [Epub ahead of print]
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 125 van de Kerkhove M P, Di Florio E, Scuderi V, Mancini A, Belli A, Bracco A, Scala D, Scala S, Zeuli L, Di Nicuolo G, Amoroso P, Calise F, Chamuleau R A. Bridging a patient with acute liver failure to liver transplantation by the AMC-bioartificial liver.  Cell Transplant. 2003;  12 563-568
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 126 Vara D S, Salacinski H J, Kannan R Y, Bordenave L, Hamilton G, Seifalian A M. Cardiovascular tissue engineering: state of the art.  Pathol Biol (Paris). 2005;  53 599-612 , Epub 2005 Jan 25
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 127 Vogt P R, Stallmach T, Niederhauser U, Schneider J, Zund G, Lachat M, Kunzli A, Turina M I. Explanted cryopreserved allografts: a morphological and immunohistochemical comparison between arterial allografts and allograft heart valves from infants and adults.  Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 1999;  15 639-644 , discussion 644-645
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 128 Walluscheck K P, Steinhoff G, Kelm S, Haverich A. Improved endothelial cell attachment on ePTFE vascular grafts pretreated with synthetic RGD-containing peptides.  Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 1996;  12 321-330
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 129 Wang P C, Takezawa T. Reconstruction of renal glomerular tissue using collagen vitrigel scaffold.  J Biosci Bioeng. 2005;  99 529-540
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 130 Weinberg C B, Bell E. A blood vessel model constructed from collagen and cultured vascular cells.  Science. 1986;  231 397-400
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 131 Willing A E, Lixian J, Milliken M, Poulos S, Zigova T, Song S, Hart C, Sanchez-Ramos J, Sanberg P R. Intravenous versus intrastriatal cord blood administration in a rodent model of stroke.  J Neurosci Res. 2003;  73 296-307
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 132 Wilson G J, Courtman D W, Klement P, Lee J M, Yeger H. Acellular matrix: a biomaterials approach for coronary artery bypass and heart valve replacement.  Ann Thorac Surg. 1995;  60 S 353-S 358
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 133 Wunsch L, Ehlers E M, Russlies M. Matrix testing for urothelial tissue engineering.  Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2005;  15 164-169
  Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 134 Xie C, Lin A S, Ito H, Awad H, Lieberman J R, Rubery P T, Schwarz E M, O'Keefe R J, Guldberg R E. Periosteal progenitor cell fate in segmental cortical bone graft transplantations: implications for functional tissue engineering.  J Bone Miner Res. 2005;  20 2124-2137
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 135 Xu T, Gregory C A, Molnar P, Cui X, Jalota S, Bhaduri S B, Boland T. Viability and electrophysiology of neural cell structures generated by the inkjet printing method.  Biomaterials. 2006;  27 3580-3588 , Epub 2006 Mar 3
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 136 Yanaga H, Koga M, Imai K, Yanaga K. Clinical application of biotechnically cultured autologous chondrocytes as novel graft material for nasal augmentation.  Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2004;  28 212-221
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 137 Yokoyama T, Ohashi K, Kuge H, Kanehiro H, Iwata H, Yamato M, Nakajima Y. In vivo engineering of metabolically active hepatic tissues in a neovascularized subcutaneous cavity.  Am J Transplant. 2006;  6 50-59
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 138 Zehbe R, Libera J, Gross U, Schubert H. Short-term human chondrocyte culturing on oriented collagen coated gelatine scaffolds for cartilage replacement.  Biomed Mater Eng. 2005;  15 445-454
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 139 Zehr K J, Yagubyan M, Connolly H M, Nelson S M, Schaff H V. Aortic root replacement with a novel decellularized cryopreserved aortic homograft: postoperative immunoreactivity and early results.  J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2005;  130 1010-1015
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 140 Zhang Y, Lin H K, Frimberger D, Epstein R B, Kropp B P. Growth of bone marrow stromal cells on small intestinal submucosa: an alternative cell source for tissue engineered bladder.  BJU Int. 2005;  96 1120-1125
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 141 Zhao Y, Glesne D, Huberman E. A human peripheral blood monocyte-derived subset acts as pluripotent stem cells.  Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2003;  10 2426-2431 , Epub 2003 Feb 26
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 142 Zund G, Hoerstrup S P, Schoeberlein A, Lachat M, Uhlschmid G, Vogt P R, Turina M. Tissue engineering: a new approach in cardiovascular surgery: Seeding of human fibroblasts followed by human endothelial cells on resorbable mesh.  Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 1998;  13 160-164
  PubMedGoogle Scholar

Priv.-Doz. Dr. med. O. E. Teebken

Klinik für Herz-, Thorax-, Transplantations- und Gefäßchirurgie · OE 6210 · Medizinische Hochschule Hannover

Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1

30625 Hannover

Phone: 05 11/5 32 65 81

Fax: 05 11/5 32 54 04

Email: teebken.omke@mh-hannover.de