Background
Methods
Population and design
Baseline assessment
Follow-up and outcomes
Power analysis
Ethics
Statistics
Results
PRISMA-7 risk | ER2 risk | P-valued | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lowa (n = 885) | Highb (n = 1020) | P-valuec | Low (n = 722) | Moderate (n = 70) | High (n = 1113) | Low versus moderate | Low versus high | Moderate versus high | |
Age (years) | |||||||||
Mean ± SD | 84.5 ± 6.0 | 86.1 ± 6.0 | ≤0.001 | 83.2 ± 5.4 | 86.5 ± 5.2 | 86.7 ± 6.1 | ≤0.001 | ≤0.001 | 1.000 |
≥ 85 years | 406 (45.9) | 584 (57.3) | ≤0.001 | 250 (34.6) | 55 (78.6) | 685 (61.5) | ≤0.001 | ≤0.001 | 0.004 |
Male | 311 (35.1) | 497 (48.7) | ≤0.001 | 304 (42.1) | 55 (78.6) | 449 (40.3) | ≤0.001 | 0.453 | ≤0.001 |
Place of living home | 553 (62.5) | 714 (70.0) | 0.001 | 547 (75.8) | 52 (74.3) | 668 (60.0) | 0.784 | ≤0.001 | 0.018 |
Home support | 565 (63.8) | 709 (69.5) | 0.009 | 320 (44.3) | 55 (78.6) | 899 (80.8) | ≤0.001 | ≤0.001 | 0.651 |
Polypharmacye | 600 (67.8) | 806 (79.0) | ≤0.001 | 435 (60.2) | 55 (78.6) | 916 (82.3) | 0.003 | ≤0.001 | 0.430 |
Temporal disorientationf | 196 (22.1) | 294 (28.8) | 0.001 | 0 | 3 (4.3) | 487 (43.8) | ≤0.001 | ≤0.001 | ≤0.001 |
Use of walking aid | 353 (39.9) | 592 (58.0) | ≤0.001 | 0 | 12 (17.1) | 933 (83.8) | ≤0.001 | ≤0.001 | ≤0.001 |
Reason for ED visit, n (%) | |||||||||
Organ failureg | 508 (57.4) | 544 (53.3) | 0.075 | 411 (56.9) | 47 (67.1) | 594 (53.4) | 0.098 | 0.135 | 0.025 |
Mobility disordersh | 136 (15.4) | 166 (16.3) | 0.589 | 104 (14.4) | 13 (18.6) | 185 (16.6) | 0.348 | 0.203 | 0.672 |
Neuropsychiatric disordersi | 98 (11.1) | 114 (11.2) | 0.943 | 69 (9.6) | 1 (1.4) | 142 (12.8) | 0.022 | 0.036 | 0.005 |
Cancer | 24 (2.7) | 36 (3.5) | 0.308 | 24 (3.3) | 3 (4.3) | 33 (3.0) | 0.672 | 0.665 | 0.533 |
Social issuej | 119 (13.4) | 160 (15.7) | 0.168 | 114 (15.8) | 6 (8.6) | 159 (14.3) | 0.108 | 0.377 | 0.181 |
Length of stay, mean ± SD | |||||||||
ED (hour) | 21.5 ± 13.8 | 23.5 ± 13.7 | 0.002 | 19.9 ± 13.3 | 23.7 ± 15.7 | 24.3 ± 13.7 | 0.078 | ≤0.001 | 1.000 |
Hospital (days) | 12.4 ± 15.4 | 15.8 ± 20.0 | 0.004 | 10.8 ± 13.5 | 11.5 ± 18.7 | 16.3 ± 19.9 | 1.000 | ≤0.001 | 0.334 |
Hospital admission, n (%) | 415 (46.9) | 548 (53.7) | 0.003 | 310 (42.9) | 39 (55.7) | 614 (55.2) | 0.040 | ≤0.001 | 0.929 |
Dependent variable | Independent variable | Linear Regressiona, b | Logistic Regressiona, b, c | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | [95%CI] | P-Value | OR | [95%CI] | P-Value | |||
Length of stay in emergency Department in hours | PRISMA-7 risk | High | 2.28 | [1.04;3.51] | ≤0.001 | 1.57 | [1.29;1.91] | ≤0.001 |
Low | −2.28 | [−3.51;-1.04.] | ≤0.001 | 0.64 | [0.52;0.77] | ≤0.001 | ||
ER2 risk | Low | −4.11 | -[−5.38;-2.83] | ≤0.001 | 0.58 | [0.47;0.72] | ≤0.001 | |
Moderate | 1.09 | [−2.19;4.38] | 0.514 | 0.97 | [0.58;1.62] | 0.903 | ||
High | 3.84 | [2.58;5.09] | ≤0.001 | 1.69 | [1.38;2.07] | ≤0.001 | ||
Length of stay in Hospital in days | PRISMA-7 score | Abnormal | 3.21 | [0.89;5.54] | 0.007 | 1.48 | [1.12;1.96] | 0.006 |
Normal | −3.21 | [−5.54;-0.89] | 0.007 | 0.68 | [0.51;0.90] | 0.006 | ||
ER2 risk level | Mild | −5.17 | [−7.63;-2.72] | ≤0.001 | 0.49 | [0.36;0.68] | ≤0.001 | |
Moderate | −2.31 | [−8.14;3.52] | 0.438 | 0.62 | [0.29;1.33] | 0.218 | ||
High | 5.31 | [2.92;7.70] | ≤0.001 | 2.10 | [1.55;2.85] | ≤0.001 | ||
Hospital admission | PRISMA-7 score | Abnormal | – | 1.32 | [1.01;1.58] | 0.003 | ||
Normal | 0.76 | [0.63;0.91] | 0.003 | |||||
ER2 risk level | Mild | – | 0.59 | [0.48;0.71] | ≤0.001 | |||
Moderate | – | 1.17 | [0.72;1.91] | 0.516 | ||||
High | – | 1.64 | [1.36;1.98] | ≤0.001 |
Criteria | Abnormal PRISMA-7 scorea | ER2 high-risk levelb | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Length of stay | Hospital admission | Length of stay | Hospital admission | |||
Emergency departmentc | Hospitald | Emergency departmenta | Hospitalb | |||
Sensitivity | 0.60 | 0.63 | 0.57 | 0.67 | 0.64 | 0.67 |
Specificity | 0.50 | 0.56 | 0.50 | 0.46 | 0.46 | 0.46 |
Positive predictive value | 0.38 | 0.36 | 0.54 | 0.38 | 0.38 | 0.38 |
Negative predictive value | 0.71 | 0.72 | 0.53 | 0.73 | 0.74 | 0.74 |
Likelihood ratio of positive test | 1.20 | 1.18 | 1.14 | 1.25 | 1.25 | 1.25 |
Likelihood ratio of negative test | 1.25 | 1.26 | 1.16 | 1.40 | 1.40 | 1.40 |
Area under receiver operating characteristic curve | 0.55 | 0.56 | 0.53 | 0.59 | 0.62 | 0.56 |