Background
Methods
Study population
Definitions and outcomes
Side | Scoring | ||
---|---|---|---|
Vascular territories | Right | Left | |
ACA lower (A1) | 1 | 1 | 2 |
ACA upper (A2) | 1 | 1 | 2 |
MCA (ASPECTS and ASPECTS-b) | 20 | ||
MCA as per ASPECTS (C, caudate; I, insula; L, lentiform nucleus; IC, internal capsule; MCA, M1-M6) | 0–10 | 0–10 | |
PCA lower (P1) | 1 | 1 | 2 |
PCA upper (P2) | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Cerebellum (CL) | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Brainstem (B) | 1 | 1 | |
Total score | 31 |
Resuscitation procedure
Statistical analyses
Results
Baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes
Good neurological outcome (n = 19) | Poor neurological outcome (n = 39) | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Age, yr, median (IQR) | 50.0 (32.0–54.5) | 54.0 (45.0–61.0) | 0.136 |
Gender, male, n (%) | 15 (78.9) | 29 (74.4) | 0.955 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 23.1 (21.6–25.8) | 25.5 (22.4–28.3) | 0.064 |
Medical history, n (%) | |||
Diabetes mellitus | 3 (15.8) | 15 (38.5) | 0.147 |
Hypertension | 6 (31.6) | 18 (46.2) | 0.439 |
Malignancy | 1 (5.3) | 5 (12.8) | 0.669 |
Dyslipidemia | 1 (5.3) | 6 (15.4) | 0.496 |
Current smoker | 6 (31.6) | 14 (35.9) | 0.976 |
Previous myocardial infarction | 0 (0) | 6 (15.4) | 0.178 |
Targeted temperature management, n (%) | 0.928 | ||
Arctic Sun® | 11 (57.9) | 24 (61.5) | |
Cooling pad | 2 (10.5) | 3 (7.7) | |
Initial Glasgow Coma Scale score, median (IQR) | 3.0 (3.0–3.0) | 3.0 (3.0–3.0) | 0.208 |
Laboratory data on admission | |||
Initial lactate, mmol/L | 12.4 (10.1–15.1) | 8.8 (7.3–13.3) | 0.071 |
Hemoglobin before ECMO, g/dl | 15.0 (12.6–15.5) | 13.2 (11.3–14.8) | 0.099 |
Hemoglobin after ECMO, g/dl | 11.1 (9.8–12.4) | 12.1 (9.7–13.1) | 0.449 |
Total bilirubin, mg/dl | 0.7 (0.3–0.9) | 0.8 (0.5–1.1) | 0.210 |
Blood urea nitrogen, mg/dl | 15.0 (10.6–18.0) | 15.5 (13.0–23.5) | 0.223 |
Creatinine, mg/dl | 1.1 (1.0–1.3) | 1.2 (1.0–1.7) | 0.292 |
Bicarbonate, IU/L | 11.7 (10.3–17.9) | 17.7 (13.2–20.9) | 0.121 |
Good neurological outcome (n = 19) | Poor neurological outcome (n = 39) | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Type of cardiac arrest, n (%) | 0.451 | ||
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest | 7 (36.8) | 20 (51.3) | |
In-hospital cardiac arrest | 12 (63.2) | 19 (48.7) | |
Bystander-witnessed cardiac arrest, n (%) | 19 (100.0) | 35 (89.7) | 0.371 |
Bystander-performed CPR, n (%) | 15 (78.9) | 30 (76.9) | 0.999 |
First monitored rhythm, n (%) | 0.474 | ||
Asystole | 2 (11.8) | 10 (26.3) | |
Pulseless electrical activity | 6 (35.3) | 12 (31.6) | |
Shockable rhythm (VT or VF) | 9 (52.9) | 16 (42.1) | |
Defibrillation, n (%) | 11 (61.1) | 18 (47.4) | 0.500 |
Arrest to ECMO pump-on time, min, median (IQR) | 47.0 (19.0–55.0) | 48.0 (34.5–65.0) | 0.359 |
Location of ECMO insertion, n (%) | 0.594 | ||
Intensive care unit | 3 (15.8) | 7 (17.9) | |
Catheterization room | 7 (36.8) | 19 (48.7) | |
Emergency room | 9 (47.4) | 12 (30.8) | |
Other | 0 (0) | 1 (2.6) | |
Cardiac cause of arrest, n (%) | 0.156 | ||
Ischemic | 6 (37.5) | 21 (63.6) | |
Nonischemic | 10 (62.5) | 12 (36.4) |
Brain CT findings
Good neurological outcome (n = 19) | Poor neurological outcome (n = 39) | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|
ASPECTS (range 0–10) | 9.0 (7.5–10.0) | 1.0 (0–8.0) | < 0.001 |
ASPECTS-ba (range 0–20) | 19.0 (16.0–20.0) | 6.0 (0–17.5) | < 0.001 |
mASPECTSb (range 0–31) | 29.0 (27.0–31.0) | 9.0 (0–25.0) | < 0.001 |
Cortex (range 0–20) | 20.0 (18.5–20.0) | 4.0 (0–14.0) | < 0.001 |
Subcortex/basal ganglia (range 0–8) | 8.0 (6.0–8.0) | 0 (0–8.0) | 0.001 |
Brainstem/cerebellum (range 0–3) | 3.0 (3.0–3.0) | 0 (0–3.0) | < 0.001 |
Discussion
Conclusions
Key messages
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Brain CT can be helpful for predicting neurological outcomes of post-cardiac arrest patients after ECPR.
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ASPECTS and its modifications were feasible and reliable for prediction of neurological outcomes of post-cardiac arrest patients after ECPR.
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The predictive performance of mASPECTS for poor neurological outcome was better than that of ASPECTS or bASPECTS.