Introduction
Materials and methods
Search strategy
Inclusion criteria
Data extraction
Statistical analyses
Risk of bias (RoB) assessment
Results
Literature search process
Characteristics of the included studies
Author | Year | Region | Recruitment period | Design | No.pT1 Pts | Substaged T1 Pts | Substaging system | Oncological end point |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hasui [23] | 1994 | Japan | 1980–1991 | Retrospective | 88 | 88 | MM invasion (T1a/T1b) | DR, DP |
Holmäng [24] | 1997 | Sweden | 1987–1988 | Retrospective | 121 | 113 | MM invasion (T1a/T1b) | DP, CSS, OS |
Smits [40] | 1998 | The Netherlands | 1987–1990 | Retrospective | 133 | 124 | MM invasion (T1a/T1b/T1c) | DR, DP |
Cheng [22] | 1999 | USA | 1987–1992 | Retrospective | 83 | 83 | Depth of lamina propria invasion | DP |
Kondylis [26] | 2000 | USA | 1981–1997 | Retrospective | 55 | 49 | MM invasion (T1a/T1b) | DR, DP |
Shariat [39] | 2000 | USA | N/A | Retrospective | 47 | 36 | MM invasion (T1a/T1b) | DR, DP, OS |
Bernardini [17] | 2001 | France | 1973–1996 | Retrospective | 149 | 94 | MM invasion (T1a/T1b) | PFS |
Sozen [42] | 2002 | Turkey | 1983–1997 | Retrospective | 90 | 50 | MM invasion (T1a/T1b) | DR, DP |
Orsola [32] | 2005 | Spain | 1996–2001 | Retrospective | 97 | 85 | MM invasion (T1a/T1b/T1c) | RFS, PFS |
van der Aa [45] | 2005 | The Netherlands | N/A | Retrospective | 63 | 53 | Tumor infiltration depth (T1 m/T1e) | DP |
Chaimuangraj [20] | 2006 | Thailand | 1990–2004 | Retrospective | 192 | 192 | Muscularis mucosa invasion | DR |
Andius [13] | 2007 | Sweden | 1987–1988 | Prospective | 121 | 121 | MM invasion (T1a/T1b)† | PFS, CSS |
Mhawech-Fauceglia [29] | 2007 | Switzerland | N/A | Retrospective | 45 | 45 | MM invasion (T1a/T1b) | DR, DP |
Queipo-Zaragoza [37] | 2007 | Spain | 1986–2003 | Retrospective | 91 | 83 | MM invasion (T1a/T1b) | DP |
Soukup [16] | 2008 | Czech Republic | 2001–2005 | Prospective | 105 | 99 | MM invasion (T1a/T1b) | DR, DP (PFS) |
Orsola [14] | 2010 | Spain | N/A | Prospective | 159 | 138 | MM invasion (T1a/T1b) | DR, DP |
Bertz [18] | 2011 | Germany | 1989–2006 | Retrospective | 309 | 309 | MM invasion (T1a/T1b), Infiltration depth (≤ 1 HPF/> 1 HPF) | CSS, RFS, PFS |
Palou [34] | 2012 | Spain/Belgium | 1985–1996 | Retrospective | 146 | 93 | MM invasion (T1a/T1b/T1c) | DR, DP, CSM |
Lee [27] | 2012 | Korea | 1999–2009 | Retrospective | 183 | 183 | MM invasion (T1a/T1b/T1c) | DR, DP, CSM |
Chang [21] | 2012 | Taiwan | 1991–2005 | Retrospective | 509 | 509 | Muscularis mucosa invasion, Infiltration depth (3 cut-off values to substage the T1 tumors: 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, and 1.5 mm) | DR, DP, CSD, OM |
van Rhijn [46] | 2012 | The Netherlands/Canada | 1984–2006 | Retrospective | 129 | 129 | MM invasion (T1a/T1b/T1c), tumor infiltration depth (T1 m/T1e) | DR, DP |
Brimo [19] | 2013 | Canada | 2004–2012 | Retrospective | 86 | 86 | Muscularis mucosa invasion, Maximum tumor depth (mm) | DR,DP,WFS |
Olsson [31] | 2013 | Sweden | 1992–2001 | Retrospective | 285 | 211 | MM invasion (T1a/T1b/T1c) | DR, DP |
Nishiyama [30] | 2013 | Japan | 1995–2010 | Retrospective | 79 | 79 | Tumor infiltration depth (T1 m/T1e) | DR, DP |
Rouprêt [38] | 2013 | France | 1994–2010 | Retrospective | 612 | 587 | MM invasion (T1a/T1b) | RFS, PFS, CSS |
Soukup [41] | 2014 | Czech Republic | 2002–2009 | Retrospective | 200 | 176 | MM invasion (T1a/T1b) | RFS, PFS, CSS, OS |
Hu [25] | 2014 | USA | 1997–2005 | Retrospective | 39 | 23 | Focality, Percentage of tumor invasion, and aggregate length of invasion | DR |
D. E. Marco [44] | 2014 | Italy | 2000–2006 | Retrospective | 40 | 40 | MM invasion (T1a/T1b/T1c), tumor infiltration depth (T1 m/T1e) | CSS, DP |
Lim [28] | 2015 | Korea | 1998–2012 | Retrospective | 177 | 141 | MM invasion (T1a/T1b/T1c) | RFS, PFS |
Orsola [15] | 2015 | Spain | N/A | Prospective | 200 | 200 | MM invasion (T1a/T1b) | DR, DP |
Patschan [36] | 2015 | Sweden | 1997–2003 | Retrospective | 167 | 152 | MM invasion (T1a/T1b/T1c) | PFS |
Patriarca [35] | 2016 | Italy | 2011–2007 | Retrospective | 450 | 314 | MM invasion (T1a/T1b), tumor infiltration depth (T1 m/T1e), ROL substaging† | DR, DP |
Colombo [8] | 2018 | Italy | 2007–2011 | Retrospective | 502 | 250 | MM invasion (T1a/T1b/T1c), microinfiltration and extended infiltration of LP (T1 m/T1e), ROL substaging | DR, DP |
Fransen van de Putte [9] | 2018 | Europe/Canada | 1982–2010 | Retrospective | 601 | 601 | MM invasion (T1a/T1b), microinfiltration and extended infiltration of LP (T1 m/T1e) | PFS, CSS |
Otto [33] | 2018 | Germany/The Netherlands | 1989–2012 | Retrospective | 322 | 322 | Metric T1 substage (tumor infiltration depth) | PFS, CSS, OS |
Turan [43] | 2018 | Turkey | 2009–2014 | Retrospective | 106 | 106 | MM invasion (T1a/T1b), tumor infiltration depth (T1 m/T1e) | DR, DP |
Author | Age, year (range) | Independent correlation with oncologic outcomes | Follow-up duration |
---|---|---|---|
Hasui [23] | Mean: 68 (37–95) | S | N/A |
Holmäng [24] | Mean: 73.1 (48–97) | S (for DP and CSS) | ≥ 5 years |
Smits [40] | N/A | S (for PFS) | Minimal follow-up: 3 years |
Cheng [22] | Mean: 71 (47–94) | S | Mean: 5.2 years (range, 1 day–10.4) |
Kondylis [26] | N/A | NS | Median 71 months (range, 4–147) |
Shariat [39] | Median: 67 (30–86) | NS | Median: 79 months |
Bernardini [17] | Mean: 68.9 (42–90) | S | Mean: 64.9 months (range, 5–288) |
Sozen [42] | Median: 62 (33–84) | S | Mean: 68 months (range, 24–120) |
Orsola [32] | Mean: 66.4(30.3–86.8) | S (in T1b/c vs T1a substaging for RFS and PFS) | Mean: 53 months |
van der Aa [45] | Mean: 68 (47–90) | S | Median: 55 months (range, 9–228) |
Chaimuangraj [20] | Mean: 60 (43–83) | S | N/A |
Andius [13] | Median: 74 (48–98) | NS | Median: 15 years for alive cases |
Mhawech-Fauceglia [29] | Mean: 70 | S (for DP) | Median: 12 months |
Queipo-Zaragoza [37] | Mean: 68.1 | S | Mean: 57.8 months (range, 13–24) |
Soukup [16] | Mean: 68.43 (38–87) | S (for PFS) | Mean: 23.31 months |
Orsola [14] | Mean: 69 | S (for DP) | Median: 20.3 months |
Bertz [18] | Median: 71.7 (38–87 years). | S (in Infiltration depth: ≤ 1 HPF vs > 1 HPF for RFS and PFS) | Mean: 49 months (range, 5–172) |
Palou [34] | Mean: 64.9 (25–81) | NS | Median: 8.7 years |
Lee [27] | Mean: 63.5 years (27–93) | S (for DP and CSM) | Mean: 43.5 months (range, 12–146) |
Chang [21] | Mean: 71 (23–92) | S (MM invasion: S for DP, CSM, and OM) (depth of high-grade tumor: S for DR, DP, CSM, OM) | Mean: 88 months (range, 1–240) for patients who were alive Mean: 39 months (range, 1–193) for patients who died |
van Rhijn [46] | Mean: 68.8 | S (in T1 m/T1e for DP) | Median: 6.5 years |
Brimo [19] | Mean: 71 | S | Mean: 29 months |
Olsson [31] | Median: 74 | S (in T1b/c vs T1a substaging for DP in patients older than 73 years) | Median: 60 months |
Nishiyama [30] | Mean: 68.5 | S (for DR) | Mean: 74.0 months |
Rouprêt [38] | Median: 70 | S | Mean: 44 months (range, 6–161) |
Soukup [41] | Median: 68.83 (17.55–86.94) | S (for PFS, CSS, OS) | Median: 3.13 years (0.1–10.5) |
Hu [25] | Mean: 70 years (56–94) | S (in aggregate length of invasion; > 0.5 cm) | N/A |
D. E. Marco [44] | Mean: 69.9 | NS | Median: 9.5 years |
Lim [28] | Mean: 68.9 (20–93) | S (for PFS) | Mean: 73.3 months (range, 3.9–187.9) |
Orsola [15] | Median: 71 | S (for DP) | Median: 71 months (range: 5–107) |
Patschan [36] | Median: 74 | NS | (3 years follow-up in analysis) |
Patriarca [35] | Mean: 71.3 (64–79) | S (in ROL1 VS ROL 2 substaging for DP) | Mean: 46 months |
Colombo [8] | Mean: 70 (64–77) | S (for DP in ROL2 vs ROL1 substaging) | Median: of 60 months |
Fransen van de Putte [9] | Median: 71 | S (for PFS and CSS in T1e vs T1 m substaging) | Median: 5.9 years |
Otto [33] | Median: 72 | NS | Median: 42 months |
Turan [43] | Mean: 67.9 | S (in T1a/b substaging for DR) | Mean: 54 months |