Introduction
Materials and Methods
Study Design and Sample Groups
Dysphagia Evaluation
Dysphagia Scoring
Progression Index
Statistical Analysis
Results
Descriptive Analysis
Bulbar onset | Spinal onset | pFast | pSlow | Overall | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Total | Total | Total | Total | |
N | 68 (63%)b | 40 (37%) | 63 (58.3%) | 45 (41.7%) | 108 |
Age at T0 (first examination) | 66.6 ± 9.4 (41 to 80) | 64.1 ± 12 (40 to 82) | 67.1 ± 9.6 (40 to 82) | 63.8 ± 11.3 (41 to 82) | 65.75 ± 10.49 (40 to 82) |
Age at ALS symptom onset | 68.7 ± 9.8 (45 to 84)c | 63.9 ± 10.9 (41 to 83) | 68.2 ± 10.4 (41 to 84) | 65.2 ± 10.3 (42 to 81) | 66.95 ± 10.43 (41 to 84) |
Mean Follow upa | 12.7 ± 9.4 (0 to 42) | 21.1 ± 14.5 (6 to 60) | 13.5 ± 9.3 (0 to 42) | 19.1 ± 14.9 (0 to 60) | 15.83 ± 12.2 (0 to 60) |
Time from symptom onset to dysphagia eventa | 15.68 ± 10.19 (3 to 49) | 29.83 ± 17.90 (2 to 96) | 15.29 ± 9.67 (2 to 47) | 28.8 ± 17.77 (6 to 96) | 20.92 ± 15.13 (2 to 96) |
Time from symptom onset to PEG eventa | 20.69 ± 13.48 (0 to 63) | 34.43 ± 16.61 (6 to 61) | 20.41 ± 12.64 (0 to 53) | 33.29 ± 17.47 (0 to 71) | 25.78 ± 16.08 (0 to 71) |
No penetration/aspiration in FEES at T0 | 8 (11.8%) | 19 (47.5%) | 9 (14.3%) | 18 (40%) | 27 (25%) |
Penetration in FEES at T0 | 56 (82.4%) | 21 (52.5%) | 51 (81%) | 26 (57.8%) | 77 (71.3%) |
Aspiration in FEES at T0 | 4 (5.9%) | 0 | 3 (4.8%) | 1 (2.2%) | 4 (3.7%) |
BO/pFast | BO/pSlow | SO/pFast | SO/pSlow | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Total | Total | Total | |
N | 40 (58.8%)b | 28 (41.2%) | 23 (57.5%) | 17 (42.5%) |
Age at T0 (first examination) | 68.2 ± 7.5 (52 to 82)c | 63.9 ± 11.3 (41 to 80) | 64.5 ± 12.4 (40 to 80) | 63.6 ± 11.9 (51 to 82) |
Age at ALS symptom onset | 69.2 ± 9.9 (45 to 84) | 68.1 ± 11.3 (46 to 81) | 66.6 ± 11.2 (41 to 83) | 60.3 ± 9.7 (42 to 79) |
Mean Follow upa | 11.85 ± 9.2 (0 to42) | 13.9 ± 9.8 (0 to 36) | 16.4 ± 9.1 (6 to 36) | 27.5 ± 18.1 (6 to 60) |
Time from symptom onset to dysphagia eventa | 9.75 ± 7.3 (2 to 36) | 14.5 ± 6.7 (5 to 30) | 12.5 ± 10.3 (2 to 47) | 24.5 ± 9.2 (11 to 48) |
Time from symptom onset to PEG eventa | 17.1 ± 11.4 (0 to 48) | 25.9 ± 14.7 (0 to 63) | 26.3 ± 12.8 (6 to 53) | 45.5 ± 14.8 (18 to 71) |
No penetration/aspiration in FEES at T0 | 3 (7.5%) | 5 (17.9%) | 6 (26.1%) | 13 (76.5%) |
Penetration in FEES at T0 | 34 (85%) | 22 (78.6%) | 17 (73.9%) | 4 (23.5%) |
Aspiration in FEES at T0 | 3 (7.5%) | 1 (3.6%) | 0 | 0 |
Six-month person-time incidence of dysphagia onset | 61.54% | 41.28% | 48.08% | 24.52% |
Six-month person-time incidence of PEG indication | 28.15% | 20.69% | 16.89% | 10.09% |
Dysphagia and PEG Person-Time Incidence Rates
Cox Regression Survival Analysis
Regression coefficients* | SEd | P-value | Hazard Ratio | CI 95% HR | Percentage | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender (female)c | 0.217** | 0.204 | 0.288 | 1.243 | 0.832–1.855 | 24.30 |
Age at T0 | 0.004 | 0.01 | 0.702 | 1.004 | 0.985–1.023 | 0.40 |
Slow/Fast (fast)b | 1.034 | 0.221 | 0.000001 | 2.811 | 1.821–4.338 | 181.10 |
Age at ALS symptom onset | − 0.001 | 0.01 | 0.958 | 0.999 | 0.980–1.855 | − 0.10 |
Onset bulbar/spinal (bulbar)a | 1.023 | 0.227 | 0.00001 | 2.781 | 1.782–4.340 | 178.10 |
Regression coefficients* | SE**** | P-value | Hazard Ratio | CI 95% HR | Percentage | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender (female)c | 0.025** | 0.23 | 0.913 | 1.025 | 0.654–1.608 | 2.50 |
Age at T0 | 0.006 | 0.011 | 0.560 | 1.006 | 0.986–1.027 | 0.60 |
Slow/fast (fast)b | 0.906 | 0.246 | 0.000001 | 2.474 | 1.527–4.009 | 147.40 |
Age at ALS symptom onset | 0.007 | 0.012 | 0.559 | 1.007 | 0.984–1.031 | 0.70 |
Onset Bulbar/Spinal (bulbar)a | 0.976 | 0.246 | 0.000001 | 2.654 | 1.618–4.354 | 165.40 |