Background
Methods
Description of WHO DAS 2.0 36 - item version
Socio demographic and health status Assessment
Statistical analysis
Results
Male | Female | ||
---|---|---|---|
N = 208 | N = 298 | ||
% | % | ||
Demographic information | Total surveyed | 41.11 | 58.89 |
Age | 60 ‐ 64 | 27.88 | 44.30 |
65 ‐ 69 | 35.10 | 33.89 | |
70 and above | 37.02 | 21.81 | |
Marital status | Married (and) Cohabiting | 73.08 | 29.53 |
Divorced (or) Separated | 1.92 | 3.02 | |
Widowed | 25.00 | 67.45 | |
Educational status | No Formal Schooling | 87.02 | 99.33 |
Up to Primary School | 11.06 | 0.34 | |
More than Primary School | 1.92 | 0.34 | |
Living arrangement | Alone | 2.88 | 15.44 |
Spouse | 25.00 | 12.42 | |
Children | 22.12 | 49.33 | |
Joint family | 47.12 | 17.11 | |
Relatives | 2.88 | 5.70 | |
Behavioural measurements | |||
Currently using any tobacco | 81.25 | 57.72 | |
Consumed Alcohol in last 30 days | 80.77 | 47.32 | |
Physical measurements | |||
Body mass index | Under weight | 32.21 | 39.60 |
Healthy | 58.17 | 48.32 | |
Over weight | 5.29 | 4.03 | |
Obese | 3.37 | 1.68 | |
Health indicators | |||
Self rated health | Good | 17.79 | 15.44 |
Moderate | 49.52 | 49.33 | |
Bad | 32.69 | 35.23 | |
Hypertension | 53.85 | 63.42 | |
Social benefit indicators | |||
Visit by health worker | 42.79 | 45.97 | |
Receiving old age pension | 48.56 | 66.78 |
Distribution of disability domains across age categories and gender
Male | Female | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age categories | 60–64 | 65–69 | 70 & 70+ | 60–64 | 65–69 | 70 & 70+ |
N | 58 | 73 | 77 | 132 | 101 | 65 |
Disability domains | % | % | % | % | % | % |
Domain 1 Cognition | ||||||
Concentrating on doing something for 10 min? | 50.00 | 42.47 | 67.53 | 53.79 | 57.43 | 69.23 |
Remembering to do important things? | 50.00 | 53.42 | 63.64 | 62.12 | 62.38 | 61.54 |
Analysing and finding solutions to problems in day-to-day life? | 24.14 | 35.62 | 58.44 | 39.39 | 55.45 | 69.23 |
Learning a new task, for example, learning how to get tp a new place? | 65.52 | 68.49 | 90.91 | 78.03 | 93.07 | 87.69 |
Generally understanding what people say? | 43.10 | 54.79 | 63.64 | 44.70 | 64.36 | 61.54 |
Starting and maintaining a conversation? | 39.66 | 42.47 | 57.14 | 50.76 | 51.49 | 64.62 |
Domain 2 Mobility | ||||||
Standing for long periods such as 30 min? | 79.31 | 78.08 | 97.40 | 90.15 | 92.08 | 96.92 |
Standing up from sitting down? | 68.97 | 73.97 | 94.81 | 78.79 | 86.14 | 92.31 |
Moving around inside your home? | 34.48 | 46.58 | 71.43 | 46.21 | 50.50 | 86.15 |
Getting out of your home? | 63.79 | 58.90 | 88.31 | 64.39 | 73.27 | 90.77 |
Walking a long distance such as a kilometer [or equivalent] | 86.21 | 84.93 | 100.00 | 90.91 | 94.06 | 95.38 |
Domain 3 Self Care | ||||||
Washing your whole body? | 32.76 | 30.14 | 55.84 | 32.58 | 33.66 | 72.31 |
Getting dressed? | 31.03 | 30.14 | 51.95 | 29.55 | 33.66 | 64.62 |
Eating? | 27.59 | 17.81 | 49.35 | 17.42 | 25.74 | 58.46 |
Staying by yourself for a few days? | 29.31 | 27.40 | 19.48 | 27.27 | 19.80 | 21.54 |
Domain 4 Getting Along With People | ||||||
Dealing with people you do not know? | 51.72 | 50.68 | 51.95 | 59.85 | 62.38 | 58.46 |
Maintaining a freindship? | 48.28 | 54.79 | 71.43 | 66.67 | 74.26 | 73.85 |
Getting along with people who are close to you? | 65.52 | 64.38 | 70.13 | 72.73 | 67.33 | 64.62 |
Sexual activities? | 74.14 | 73.97 | 66.23 | 43.18 | 22.77 | 9.23 |
Domain 5 Life Activities | ||||||
Household activities
| ||||||
Taking care of your household responsibilities? | 81.03 | 82.19 | 98.70 | 82.58 | 84.16 | 92.31 |
Doing your most important household tasks well? | 84.48 | 89.04 | 100.00 | 94.70 | 85.15 | 95.38 |
Getting all the household work done that you needed to do ? | 93.10 | 93.15 | 98.70 | 96.97 | 90.10 | 95.38 |
Getting your household work done as quickly as needed? | 93.10 | 93.15 | 100.00 | 99.24 | 97.03 | 100.00 |
Domain 6 Participation | ||||||
How much of a problem did you have joining in community activities in the same way as anyone else can? | 68.97 | 68.49 | 96.1 | 78.03 | 78.22 | 93.85 |
How much of a problem did you have because of barriers or hindrances in the world | 65.52 | 69.86 | 92.21 | 72.73 | 78.22 | 90.77 |
around you? | ||||||
How much of a problem did you have living with dignity because of the attitudes and actions of others? | 29.31 | 34.25 | 57.14 | 43.94 | 58.42 | 69.23 |
How much much time did you spend on your health condition or its consequences? | 74.14 | 72.60 | 87.01 | 71.21 | 77.23 | 93.85 |
How much have you been emotionally affected by your health condition? | 75.86 | 68.49 | 87.01 | 82.58 | 88.12 | 84.62 |
How much has your health been a drain on the financial resources of you or your family? | 24.14 | 15.07 | 27.27 | 17.42 | 17.82 | 49.23 |
How much of a problem did your family have because of your health problems? | 65.52 | 54.79 | 79.22 | 60.61 | 72.28 | 81.54 |
How much of a problem did you have in doing things by yourself for relaxation or pleasure? | 68.97 | 71.23 | 94.81 | 81.06 | 89.11 | 95.38 |
Association of disability with progressive age and gender
Across Men | Across Women | Between Women and Men | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Disability Domains | Ref | 65‐69 Yrs | 70 & 70+ Yrs | Ref | 65‐69 Yrs | 70 & 70+ Yrs | 60‐64 Yrs | 65‐69 Yrs | 70 & 70+ Yrs |
Domain 1 Cognition | |||||||||
Concentrating on doing something for 10 min? | 1 | 0.48*(0.24‐0.97) | 0.36**(0.18‐0.69) | 1 | 1.16(0.69‐1.95) | 1.93*(1.03‐3.62) | 1.16(0.62‐2.15) | 1.82(0.99‐3.36) | 1.08(0.53‐2.20) |
Remembering to do important things? | 1 | 0.57(0.29‐1.14) | 0.66(0.31‐1.26) | 1 | 1.01(0.59‐1.73) | 0.98(0.53‐1.80) | 1.64(0.87‐3.05) | 1.44(0.78‐2.66) | 0.91(0.46‐1.80) |
Analysing and finding solutions to problems in day‐to‐day life? | 1 | 0.23**(0.11‐0.48) | 0.39**(0.20‐0.76) | 1 | 1.92(1.13‐3.24) | 3.4*(1.84‐6.51) | 2.04*(1.01‐4.09) | 2.25*(1.21‐4.17) | 1.6(0.79‐3.20) |
Learning a new task, for example, learning how to get tp a new place? | 1 | 1.14(0.55‐2.38) | 5.26**(2.04‐13.57) | 1 | 3.78(1.58‐9.04) | 2.01(0.86‐4.68) | 1.86(0.94‐3.69) | 6.18**(2.47‐9.39) | 0.71(0.24‐2.08) |
Generally understanding what people say? | 1 | 1.60(0.80‐3.21) | 2.31**(1.15‐4.64) | 1 | 2.23(1.31‐3.81) | 1.98*(1.08‐3.63) | 1.06(0.57‐1.98) | 1.49(0.80‐2.75) | 0.91(0.46‐1.80) |
Starting and maintaining a conversation? | 1 | 1.12(0.56‐2.27) | 2.03*(1.01‐4.06) | 1 | 1.03(0.61‐1.73) | 1.77(0.96‐3.27) | 1.56(0.83‐2.93) | 1.43(0.78‐2.63) | 1.37(0.69‐2.70) |
Domain 2 Mobility | |||||||||
Standing for long periods such as 30 min? | 1 | 0.99(0.42‐2.33) | 9.78**(2.09‐45.69) | 1 | 1.27(0.51‐3.19) | 3.44(0.75‐15.73) | 2.38(1.01‐5.61) | 3.06*(1.22‐7.67) | 0.84(0.11‐6.13) |
Standing up from sitting down? | 1 | 1.35(0.63‐2.92) | 8.21**(2.60‐25.94) | 1 | 1.07(0.83‐3.38) | 3.23*(1.19‐8.81) | 1.67(0.83‐3.35) | 2.07(0.95‐4.50) | 0.65(0.16‐2.55) |
Moving around inside your home? | 1 | 1.66(0.81‐3.37) | 4.75**(2.28‐9.89) | 1 | 1.21(0.72‐2.04) | 7.24**(3.31‐15.84) | 1.63(0.86‐3.09) | 1.19(0.65‐2.18) | 2.49*(1.05‐5.88) |
Getting out of your home? | 1 | 0.81(0.40‐1.66) | 4.29**(1.78‐10.31) | 1 | 1.47(0.83‐2.61) | 5.09**(2.04‐12.65) | 1.09(0.57‐2.09) | 1.99*(1.04‐3.78) | 1.30(0.43‐3.87) |
Walking a long distance such as a kilometer [or equivalent] | 1 | 0.90(0.34‐2.41) | 1 | 1.90(0.65‐5.58) | 13.10(0.67‐14.29) | 1.6(0.61‐4.15) | 3.37*(1.11‐7.17) | ||
Domain 3 Self Care | |||||||||
Washing your whole body? | 1 | 0.89(0.42‐1.86) | 2.60*(1.28‐5.28) | 1 | 1.07(0.62‐1.85) | 5.40**(2.81‐10.39) | 0.99(0.51‐1.91) | 1.19(0.62‐2.28) | 2.07*(1.02‐4.18) |
Getting dressed? | 1 | 0.96(0.45‐2.03) | 2.40*(1.18‐4.90) | 1 | 1.23(0.70‐2.15) | 4.36**(2.32‐8.19) | 0.93(0.47‐1.82) | 1.19(0.62‐2.29) | 1.68(0.85‐3.32) |
Eating? | 1 | 0.57(0.25‐1.31) | 2.56*(1.23‐5.30) | 1 | 1.67(0.88‐3.14) | 6.67**(3.42‐13.00) | 0.54(0.26‐1.15) | 1.62(0.76‐3.42) | 1.44(0.79‐2.81) |
Staying by yourself for a few days? | 1 | 0.80(0.36‐1.78) | 0.56(0.25‐1.29) | 1 | 0.76(0.40‐1.45) | 1.02(0.48‐2.14) | 0.78(0.38‐1.6) | 0.74(0.35‐1.55) | 1.41(0.6‐3.33) |
Domain 4 Getting Along With People | |||||||||
Dealing with people you do not know? | 1 | 0.96(0.48‐1.91) | 1.01(0.51‐2.00) | 1 | 1.11(0.65‐1.89) | 0.94(0.52‐1.73) | 1.39(0.74‐2.59) | 1.61(0.87‐2.97) | 1.30(0.66‐2.53) |
Maintaining a freindship? | 1 | 1.30(0.65‐2.59) | 2.68*(1.31‐5.47) | 1 | 1.44(0.81‐2.56) | 1.41(0.73‐2.73) | 2.14*(1.14‐4.02) | 2.38*(1.25‐4.52) | 1.12(0.53‐2.37) |
Getting along with people who are close to you? | 1 | 0.95(0.46‐1.96) | 1.24(0.60‐2.56) | 1 | 0.77(0.44‐1.36) | 0.69(0.36‐1.29) | 1.40(0.72‐2.72) | 1.14(0.60‐2.15) | 0.78(0.38‐1.57) |
Sexual activities? | 1 | 1 | 1.21(0.12‐12.25) | 1.70(0.18‐16.08) | |||||
Domain 5 Life Activities | |||||||||
Household activities
| |||||||||
Taking care of your household responsibilities? | 1 | 1.08(0.44‐2.63) | 17.79*(2.22‐42.26) | 1 | 1.12(0.56‐2.25) | 2.53(0.92‐7.00) | 1.10(0.5‐2.45) | 1.15(0.51‐2.56) | 0.16(0.01‐1.38) |
Doing your most important household tasks well? | 1 | 1.49(0.54‐4.15) | 1 | 0.32*(0.13‐0.82) | 1.16(0.29‐4.63) | 3.28*(1.15‐9.29) | 0.71(0.28‐1.76) | ||
Getting all the household work done that you needed to do ? | 1 | 1.01(0.26‐3.94) | 1 | 0.28*(0.09‐0.94) | 0.65(0.14‐2.98) | 2.37(0.57‐9.82) | 0.67(0.21‐2.04) | ||
Getting your household work done as quickly as needed? | 1 | 1.01(0.26‐3.94) | 1 | 0.25(0.03‐2.43) | 9.70*(1.06‐18.82) | 2.40(0.55‐10.38) | |||
Domain 6 Participation | |||||||||
How much of a problem did you have joining in community activities in the same way as anyone else can? | 1 | 0.98(0.47‐2.06) | 11.10**(3.08‐19.98) | 1 | 1.01(0.54‐1.89) | 4.29*(1.44‐12.80) | 1.59(0.8‐3.19) | 1.65(0.83‐3.27) | 0.62(0.13‐2.86) |
How much of a problem did you have because of barriers or hindrances in the world around you? | 1 | 1.22(0.58‐2.55) | 6.23**(2.31‐9.82) | 1 | 1.35(0.73‐2.47) | 3.62*(1.47‐9.28) | 1.40(0.72‐2.72) | 1.55(0.77‐3.08) | 0.83(0.25‐2.71) |
How much of a problem did you have living with dignity because of the attitudes and actions of others? | 1 | 1.26(0.60‐2.64) | 3.22*(1.56‐6.63) | 1 | 1.77*(1.05‐2.99) | 2.83*(1.51‐5.32) | 1.91(0.98‐3.71) | 2.70*(1.44‐5.03) | 1.69(0.84‐3.37) |
How much much time did you spend on your health condition or its consequences? | 1 | 0.92(0.42‐2.02) | 2.34(0.96‐5.68) | 1 | 1.34(0.74‐2.43) | 6.00*(2.04‐17.64) | 0.88(0.44‐1.78) | 1.28(0.64‐2.56) | 2.28(0.67‐7.63) |
How much have you been emotionally affected by your health condition? | 1 | 0.69(0.32‐1.51) | 2.13(0.87‐5.22) | 1 | 1.50(0.70‐3.19) | 1.11(0.49‐2.51) | 1.57(0.74‐3.35) | 3.41(1.56‐7.43) | 0.82(0.31‐2.11) |
How much has your health been a drain on the financial resources of you or your family? | 1 | 0.56(0.21‐1.34) | 1.20(0.55‐2.63) | 1 | 1.03(0.52‐2.04) | 1.06(0.49‐2.30) | 0.66(0.31‐1.41) | 1.24*(0.54‐2.80) | 0.59(0.26‐1.32) |
How much of a problem did your family have because of your health problems? | 1 | 0.64(0.31‐1.30) | 2.01(0.93‐4.34) | 1 | 1.66(0.95‐2.91) | 3.07*(1.47‐6.43) | 0.83(0.43‐1.57) | 2.15*(1.14‐4.05) | 1.26(0.53‐2.96) |
How much of a problem did you have in doing things by yourself for relaxation or pleasure? | 1 | 1.11(0.53‐2.37) | 8.21**(2.60‐15.94) | 1 | 1.84(0.85‐3.95) | 4.64*(1.34‐6.02) | 2.00(0.98‐4.08) | 3.30*(1.47‐7.39) | 1.13(0.24‐5.25) |