Introduction
Material and methods
Results
General clinical and demographic features
No | Age years | Entrapment of alveolar respiratory epithelium | Histological pattern | Metastasis (number) vs primary | Site within the lung | Histological diagnosis | History of malignancy |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 33 | No | No | MTS | Both sites | High-grade sarcoma NOS | High malignant epithelioid sarcoma NOS DDx Ewing sarcoma |
2 | 17 | No | No | MTS | Left superior lobe | Angiectatic osteosarcoma | Osteosarcoma right distal femur2014 |
3 | 66 | No | No | MTS (M) | Right lobes, left inferior lobe | Leiomyosarcoma | Leiomyosarcoma |
4 | 18 | No | No | MTS (M) | Both sites | Osteosarcoma | Osteosarcoma 03/2016, resection of lung metastases 03/2017 and 10/2017 |
5 | 51 | Diffuse | Fibroadenoma-like | MTS | Right and left inferior lobe | Leiomyosarcoma | Leiomyosarcoma of the uterus, bone metastasis 01/2017 |
6 | 63 | No | No | MTS (2) | Left superior and inferior lobe | Synovial sarcoma | Synovial sarcoma left popliteal cavity 09/2015 |
7 | 72 | Diffuse | Fibroadenoma-like | MTS (M) | Left superior and inferior lobe | Myxofibrosarcoma | Myxofibrosarcoma with lung metastases 10/2016, resection after radiochemotherapy |
8 | 15 | No | No | MTS | NOS | Osteosarcoma | Osteosarcoma distal tibia 11/2016 |
9 | 75 | No | No | MTS | Right inferior lobe | Pleomorphic sarcoma | Recurrent UPS right shoulder 11/2015, synchronous carcinoid of the right lung, pericardial metastasis of the sarcoma |
10 | 11 | No | No | MTS | NOS | Ewing sarcoma/PNET family | Malignancy of Ewing sarcoma/PNET family 06/2015 |
11 | 72 | No | No | MTS | Left inferior lobe | Synovial sarcoma | Synovial sarcoma right lower leg 2014 |
12 | 84 | Peripheral | No | MTS | Right superior lobe | Leiomyosarcoma | Leiomyosarcoma of the mandible (lung metastases 2014 and 2016 resected), lung metastasized colorectal carcinoma 2014 (status post radiochemotherapy), prostate cancer |
13 | 57 | Peripheral | No | MTS (M) | NOS | Sarcoma NOS | Breast cancer 2015 |
14 | 11 | No | No | MTS (M) | Both sites | Synovial sarcoma | Synovial sarcoma with multiple lung metastases (resected 2014, 2016 and 2017) |
15 | 42 | Diffuse | Adenomyoepithelioma-like | MTS (M, >30) | Right | Sarcomatous transformed atypical fibrous histiocytoma | Sarcomatous transformed atypical fibrous histiocytoma |
16 | 43 | No | No | MTS (M) | Right | Leiomyosarcoma | Leiomyosarcoma of the right parotid |
17 | 50 | No | No | MTS | Left superior lobe | High-grade sarcoma NOS | 1999 leiomyosarcoma of the vagina |
18 | 64 | Peripheral | No | MTS | NOS | High-grade leiomyosarcoma | Status post tumor of the testis |
19 | 58 | No | No | MTS (M) | Right | Osteosarcoma | Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma of left thigh 2013 |
20 | 66 | No | No | MTS | NOS | UPS/myxoid fibrosarcoma grade 3 | Myxoid fibrosarcoma grade 3 of the thigh 2009 |
21 | 14 | Peripheral | No | MTS | Both sites | Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma | Low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma 2008, lung metastases resected 2014 |
22 | 35 | Diffuse | Biphasic synovial sarcoma–like | MTS (M) | Both sites | Synovial sarcoma | Initial diagnosis of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor right foot (retrospectively monophasic synovial sarcoma), status post radiochemotherapy and amputation of the lower leg |
23 | 52 | No | No | MTS | Left superior lobe | Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma/ epithelioid fibrosarcoma | Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma/ epithelioid fibrosarcoma of the thigh |
24 | 56 | No | No | MTS (2) | Right superior and inferior lobe | Osteosarcoma | Osteosarcoma |
25 | 60 | No | No | MTS (M) | Left superior and inferior lobe | Leiomyosarcoma | High grade pleomorphic leiomyosarcoma (non-genital type) pelvic/retroperitoneal 2013, status post radiochemotherapy, resection of primary and of liver metastasis 2014 |
26 | 20 | No | No | MTS | Right inferior lobe | Ewing sarcoma | Ewing sarcoma of the left thoracic wall |
27 | 56 | Diffuse | Fibroadenoma-like | MTS (M) | Right middle and inferior lobe | Sclerosing fibroblastic sarcoma | Sclerosing fibroblastic sarcoma retroperitoneal/pelvic wall, resection of lung metastases 2012 and 2013 |
28 | 70 | Peripheral | No | MTS | Right inferior lobe | High-grade leiomyosarcoma | Leiomyosarcoma of the uterus 1991 |
29 | 48 | No | No | MTS | Right superior lobe | Sarcoma NOS | Retroperitoneal SFT 2006 |
30 | 62 | Diffuse | Fibroadenoma-like | Primary | NOS | Primary myxoid (myoepithelial!) neoplasm NOS (SMARCB1 deficiency) | Unknown |
31 | 57 | Peripheral | No | primary | Left inferior lobe | SFT | Unknown |
32 | 66 | Diffuse | Fibroadenoma-like | Primary | Pleura/lung | Intrapulmonary SFT (fibroadenoma-like variant) | Unknown |
33 | 65 | Peripheral | No | Primary | Pleura/lung | SFT | Malignant melanoma 2014, malignant biphasic mesothelioma (high grade) |
34 | 20 | Diffuse | Pulmonary blastoma–like | MTS | NOS | Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma | Primary diagnosed in 2015, metastasis in 2017 |
35 | 64 | Diffuse | Fibroadenoma-like | Primary | Right inferior lobe | Pulmonary adenofibroma | Unknown |
36 | 2 | Diffuse | Fibroadenoma-like | MTS (M) | Right superior lobe, right inferior lobe, left superior lobe | Wilms tumor | Wilms tumor at age of 2 years (10/2017), stage IV (lung metastases), status post neoadjuvant chemotherapy |
37 | 54 | No | No | MTS | Right middle lobe | Malignant bone tumor DDx osteosarcoma | 1985 diagnosis of malignant “osteoblastoma” (radius), status post extirpation, re-extirpation due to recurrence, radiochemotherapy |
38 | 66 | Diffuse | Fibroadenoma-like | Uncertain | Left inferior lobe | Sclerosing cystic PEComa DD lung clear cell “sugar” tumor DDx metastasis of genital PEComa | Unknown |
39 | 26 | Diffuse | Fibroadenoma-like | MTS (2) | Right and left lung | Testicular teratoma | Concurrent testicular teratoma |
40 | 31 | No | No | MTS | Left inferior lobe | Germ cell tumor (embryonal carcinoma component) | Mixed germ cell tumor of the testis (embryonal carcinoma and seminoma and mature teratoma) with lung metastasis 2018 |
41 | 38 | No | No | MTS | NOS | Atypical fibrous histiocytoma | 2010 histiocytoma, 2014 recurrence, 2016 lung metastases |
42 | 28 | Diffuse | Fibroadenoma-like | MTS (M) | NOS | Sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma of kidney | Unclassified tumor kidney region, treated as Wilms tumor |
43 | 68 | Diffuse | Fibroadenoma-like | Primary | Intrathorakal/lung | Partly intrapulmonary SFT (fibroadenoma like variant) | Unknown |
44 | 48 | Diffuse | Biphasic synovial sarcoma–like | MTS | NOS | Spindle cell sarcoma unclassified (adult fibrosarcoma) | Tumor of the lower extremity |
45 | 41 | No | No | MTS | NOS | MPNST | Recurrent MPNST peroneal nerve |
46 | 62 | No | No | Pleuropulmonary SFT | Lung/pleura (right lower lobe) | Recurrence of SFT with malignant (fibrosarcoma like) features | SFT (2012) |
47 | 48 | Peripheral | No | Primary | Right lower lobe | Intrapulmonary SFT, marked adenofibroma like features | Unknown |
Frequency of respiratory/alveolar epithelium entrapment
Category | Subcategory | No of cases | Entrapment of lung epithelium | No of cases | Number of adenofibroma-like cases | Number of adenomyoepithelial-like cases | Number of biphasic synovial sarcoma–like cases | Number of pulmonary blastoma–like cases |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lung primary | 8 | Peripheral | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Diffuse | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
SFT | 6 | Peripheral | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Diffuse | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Pulmonary adenofibroma | 1 | Diffuse | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Myxoid sarcomatoid neoplasm NOS of the lung (SMARCB1 deficient) | 1 | Diffuse | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Primary or metastasis | Sclerosing cystic PEComa | 1 | Diffuse | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Lung metastasis | 38 | Peripheral | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Diffuse | 10 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 1 | |||
Leiomyosarcoma | 7 | Peripheral | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Diffuse | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Ewing sarcoma/PNET family | 2 | Peripheral | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Diffuse | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Osteosarcoma/malignant bone tumor | 6 | Peripheral | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Diffuse | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Synovial sarcoma | 4 | Peripheral | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Diffuse | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |||
Myxofibrosarcoma | 1 | Diffuse | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Pleomorphic sarcoma/myxoid fibrosarcoma grade 3 | 2 | Peripheral | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Diffuse | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma | 1 | Diffuse | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma | 2 | Peripheral | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Diffuse | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Sarcoma NOS | 5 | Peripheral | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Diffuse | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Atypical fibrous histiocytoma | 2 | Peripheral | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Diffuse | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||
Sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma | 1 | Diffuse | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Wilms tumor | 1 | Diffuse | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Germ cell tumor | 2 | Peripheral | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Diffuse | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Spindle cell sarcoma unclassified (adult fibrosarcoma) | 1 | Diffuse | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
MPNST | 1 | Peripheral | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Diffuse | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |