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Erschienen in: European Journal of Epidemiology 6/2017

18.07.2016 | CANCER

Prostate-specific antigen testing for prostate cancer: Depleting a limited pool of susceptible individuals?

verfasst von: Morten Valberg, Tom Grotmol, Steinar Tretli, Marit B. Veierød, Tron A. Moger, Susan S. Devesa, Odd O. Aalen

Erschienen in: European Journal of Epidemiology | Ausgabe 6/2017

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Abstract

After the introduction of the prostate specific antigen (PSA) test in the 1980s, a sharp increase in the incidence rate of prostate cancer was seen in the United States. The age-specific incidence patterns exhibited remarkable shifts to younger ages, and declining rates were observed at old ages. Similar trends were seen in Norway. We investigate whether these features could, in combination with PSA testing, be explained by a varying degree of susceptibility to prostate cancer in the populations. We analyzed incidence data from the United States’ Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program for 1973–2010, comprising 511,027 prostate cancers in men ≥40 years old, and Norwegian national incidence data for 1953–2011, comprising 113,837 prostate cancers in men ≥50 years old. We developed a frailty model where only a proportion of the population could develop prostate cancer, and where the increased risk of diagnosis due to the massive use of PSA testing was modelled by encompassing this heterogeneity in risk. The frailty model fits the observed data well, and captures the changing age-specific incidence patterns across birth cohorts. The susceptible proportion of men is \(39.9\,\%\,\left( {95\,\%\,{\text{CI}}\, 38.2, 41.6\,\% } \right)\) in the United States and \(30.4\,\%\, \left( {95\,\%\, {\text{CI}} \,28.9, 32.0\,\% } \right)\) in Norway. Cumulative incidence rates at old age are unchanged across birth cohort exposed to PSA testing at younger and younger ages. The peaking cohort-specific age-incidence curves of prostate cancer may be explained by the underlying heterogeneity in prostate cancer risk. The introduction of the PSA test has led to a larger number of diagnosed men. However, no more cases are being diagnosed in total in birth cohorts exposed to the PSA era at younger and younger ages, even though they are diagnosed at younger ages. Together with the earlier peak in the age-incidence curves for younger cohorts, and the strong familial association of the cancer, this constitutes convincing evidence that the PSA test has led to a higher proportion, and an earlier timing, of diagnoses in a limited pool of susceptible individuals.
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Metadaten
Titel
Prostate-specific antigen testing for prostate cancer: Depleting a limited pool of susceptible individuals?
verfasst von
Morten Valberg
Tom Grotmol
Steinar Tretli
Marit B. Veierød
Tron A. Moger
Susan S. Devesa
Odd O. Aalen
Publikationsdatum
18.07.2016
Verlag
Springer Netherlands
Erschienen in
European Journal of Epidemiology / Ausgabe 6/2017
Print ISSN: 0393-2990
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-7284
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-016-0185-z

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