Background
Methods
Participants and procedure
Measurements
-
IAQ- I: Questionnaire on Basic socio-demographic and clinical characteristics
-
IAQ- II: MacNew HRQL questionnaire (MacNew)
-
IAQ- III: World Health Organization’s quality of life—brief questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF)
Data Analysis
Results
Patients
Characteristic | Frequency | % |
---|---|---|
Sex | ||
Male | 100 | 50 % |
Female | 100 | 50 % |
Age (years) | ||
≤ 40 | 8 | 4.0 |
41–50 | 31 | 15.5 |
51–60 | 83 | 41.5 |
> 60 | 78 | 39.0 |
Treatment Option (n = 200) | ||
Medical | 66 | 33.0 |
Surgical | 134 | 67.0 |
Type of Revascularization (n = 134) | ||
CABG | 65 | 48.5 |
PTCA | 69 | 51.5 |
Surgical Status (n = 134) | ||
Pre-operative | 67 | 50.0 |
Post-operative | 67 | 50.0 |
Anginal Status (n = 200)a
| ||
Angina present | 112 | 56.0 |
No Angina | 88 | 44.0 |
CCS Grading of Angina (n = 112) | ||
Grade I | 50 | 44.7 |
Grade II | 35 | 31.3 |
Grade III | 20 | 17.9 |
Grade IV | 7 | 6.1 |
MacNew HRQL scores
Statistics | MacNew scores | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Global | Emotional | Physical | Social | |
Mean (SD) | 4.96 (0.93) | 5.15 (1.04) | 4.86 (1.02) | 4.84 (1.00) |
Median | 5.07 | 5.36 | 5.00 | 4.92 |
(IQR) | (4.33–5.74) | (4.36–5.93) | (4.08–5.60) | (4.17–5.62) |
Skewness (SD) | −0.46 (0.17) | −0.52 (0.17) | −0.39 (0.17) | −0.38 (0.17) |
Kurtosis (SD) | −0.41 (0.34) | −0.51 (0.34) | −0.32 (0.34) | −0.49 (0.34) |
Minimum | Maximum | 2.30 | 6.89 | 2.21 | 6.79 | 1.70 | 7.00 | 2.15 | 7.00 |
Construct Validity
Exploratory Factor Analysis
Item | Pattern Matrix | Structure Matrix | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Component | Component | |||||
1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | |
MAC4 |
.899
| −.205 | .036 |
.811
| .208 | .118 |
MAC7 |
.845
| −.118 | .061 |
.800
| .276 | .152 |
MAC1 |
.806
| −.091 | −.112 |
.750
| .253 | −.021 |
MAC2 |
.748
| .098 | −.025 |
.789
| .432 | .092 |
MAC8 |
.743
| −.004 | .042 |
.746
| .339 | .140 |
MAC5 |
.727
| −.206 | .203 |
.770
| .577 | .092 |
MAC15 |
.643
| .295 | −.048 |
.661
| .160 | .261 |
MAC3 |
.608
| .101 | −.070 |
.645
| .364 | .030 |
MAC20 |
.546
| .181 | .159 |
.649
| .458 | .265 |
MAC10 |
.492
| .426 | −.342 |
.639
| .585 | −.199 |
MAC21 |
.473
| .152 | .114 |
.557
| .387 | .204 |
MAC13 |
.453
| .258 |
−.423
|
.514
| .385 | −.315 |
MAC18 |
.448
| .356 | .110 |
.624
| .579 | .236 |
MAC6 |
.433
|
.360
| .018 |
.598
| .559 | .142 |
MAC9 | .003 |
.772
| −.006 | .352 |
.772
| .137 |
MAC19 | −.176 |
.722
| .103 | .165 |
.661
| .212 |
MAC16 | −.054 |
.683
| −.012 | .253 |
.656
| .106 |
MAC14 | .052 |
.639
| .269 | .378 |
.712
| .394 |
MAC11 | .329 |
.480
| −.015 | .545 |
.626
| .117 |
MAC23 |
.398
|
.468
| −.106 | .596 |
.629
| .034 |
MAC 17 | .275 |
.451
| .015 | .394 |
.520
| −.318 |
MAC22 | −.067 | .018 |
.758
| .042 | .128 |
.753
|
MAC24 | .189 | .113 |
.517
| .309 | .294 |
.563
|
MAC12 | .233 |
.342
|
.467
| .451 | .534 |
.562
|
MAC25 | .308 |
.304
|
.445
| .504 | .525 |
.542
|
MAC26 | .234 |
.425
|
.439
| .484 | .511 |
.549
|
Item | Domain | ||
---|---|---|---|
Emotional
|
Physical
|
Social
| |
MAC1 - Frustrated
| × | ||
MAC2 - Worthless
| × | ||
MAC3 - Confident
| × | ||
MAC4 - Down in the dump
| × | ||
MAC5 - Relaxed
| × | ||
MAC6 - Worn out
| × | ||
MAC7 - Happy with personal life
| × | ||
MAC8 - Restless
| × | ||
MAC9 - Shortness of breath
| × | ||
MAC10 - Tearful
| × | ||
MAC11 - More dependent
|
×
| ||
MAC12 - Social activities
| × | ||
MAC13 - Others less confidence in you
| × | ||
MAC14 - Chest pain
| × | ||
MAC15 - Lack self confidence
| × | ||
MAC16 - Aching legs
| × | ||
MAC17 - Sports/exercise limited
| × | ||
MAC18 - Frightened
| × | ||
MAC19 - Dizzy or light-headed
| × | ||
MAC20 - Restricted or limited
|
×
| ||
MAC21 - Unsure about exercise
|
×
| ||
MAC22 - Overprotective family
| × | ||
MAC23 - Burden on others
|
×
| ||
MAC24 - Excluded
| × | ||
MAC25 - Unable to socialize
| × | ||
MAC26 - Physically restricted
| × | ||
Total | 14 | 7 | 5 |
Confirmatory factor analysis
Emotional domain: | Items # 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 13, 15, 18, 20, 21 |
Physical domain: | Items # 9, 11, 14, 16, 17, 19, 23 |
Social domain: | Items # 12, 22, 24, 25, 26 |
Emotional domain: | Items # 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 13, 15, 18, 20, 21 |
Physical domain: | Items # 9, 10, 11, 14, 16, 17, 19, 23, 26
|
Social domain: | Items # 12, 13, 22, 24, 25, 26
|
Model | Fit indices | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
χ2
| df | p | CFI | RMSEA | |
Model 1 | 289.80 | 209 | 0.00018 | 0.99 | 0.044 |
Model 2 | 319.83 | 210 | <0.00001 | 0.99 | 0.051 |
Known group comparison
Clinical category | No: | Median (IQR) | Significancea
|
---|---|---|---|
Angina severity (n = 200) | |||
CCSb grade < II | 138 | 5.35 (4.43–5.84) | U = 1556.5 Z = -2.092
p = 0.036 |
CCS grade ≥ II | 62 | 5.17 (4.34–5.69) | |
Revascularization status (n = 134) | |||
Pre-revascularization | 67 | 4.78 (4.11–5.18) | U = 1646.5 Z = 2.78
p = 0.005 |
Post-revascularization | 67 | 5.11 (4.44–5.62) |
Concurrent Validity
Reliability of The MacNew
Internal consistency
Internal Consistency | No. of items | Cronbach's α |
Global | 26 | 0.92 |
Emotional | 14 | 0.91 |
Physical | 13 | 0.85 |
Social | 13 | 0.86 |
Test-retest reliability | ICCa
| |
Global | 0.99 | |
Emotional | 0.99 | |
Physical | 0.99 | |
Social | 0.99 |