Background
Methods
Study Sample
Age (y) | Responders (n = 50) | Non-responders (n = 52) | Difference |
---|---|---|---|
Mean (standard deviation) | 50 (12) | 52 (12) | |
Range | 23 - 68 | 19 - 69 | |
T-test |
p = 0.90 | ||
Sex, n (%)
| |||
Male | 23 (46) | 21 (40) | |
Female | 27 (54) | 31 (60) | |
Chi-square test |
p = 0.57 | ||
Diagnosis, n(%)
| |||
Solid tumors
| 19 (38) | 34 (65) | |
Ovarian cancer | 2 (4) | 3 (9) | |
Breast cancer | 4 (8) | 8 (24) | |
Colorectal cancer | 3 (6) | 9 (26) | |
Cervical cancer | 7 (14) | 6 (18) | |
Other | 3 (6) | 8 (24) | |
Hematologic malignancies
| 31 (62) | 18 (35) | |
Multiple myeloma | 5 (10) | 3 (17) | |
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma | 19 (38) | 8 (44) | |
Hodgkin's lymphoma | 7 (14) | 7 (39) | |
Chi-square test |
p = 0.11 | ||
Treatment, n (%)
| |||
Chemotherapy | 50 (100) | ||
+ Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation | 15 (30) | ||
+ Radiotherapy | 10 (20) | ||
+ Surgery | 2 (4) | ||
+ Radiotherapy + Surgery | 1 (1) |
Procedures
Activity Questionnaire for Adults and Adolescents (AQuAA)
Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE)
ActiGraph Accelerometer
Test-retest Reliability
Construct Validity
Content Validity
Results
Test-retest Reliability
Instrument | T0 Median (25;75th percentile) | T1 Median (25;75th percentile) | ICC (95% CI) | SEM | SDD95
| SDD95/range95 ratio |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AQuAA (n = 50) | ||||||
AQuAA Score (MET*min/wk) | 5316 (3263;8317) | 5217 (3953;7491) | 0.70 (0.53 to 0.82) | 2671 | 7405 | 0.39 |
Total physical activities (min/wk) | 1330 (913; 2321) | 1500 (1054;2069) | 0.63 (0.42 to 0.77) | 663 | 1838 | 0.44 |
Light-intensity activities (min/wk) | 1063 (660; 1853) | 1215 (683;1706) | 0.57 (0.35 to 0.73) | 596 | 1653 | 0.40 |
Moderate-to-vigorous intensity activities (min/wk) | 230 (34; 450) | 293 (60;481) | 0.70 (0.52 to 0.82) | 275 | 762 | 0.39 |
Sedentary activities (min/wk) | 3090 (2078; 3720) | 2743 (1841; 3709) | 0.78 (0.65 to 0.87) | 637 | 1767 | 0.30 |
PASE (n = 50)
| ||||||
PASE Sum score (PASEscore) | 86 (49;161) | 97 (55;175) | 0.89 (0.82 to 0.94) | 30 | 84 | 0.22 |
Total physical activities (min/wk) | 1518 (873; 2630) | 1659 (1005;2904) | 0.90 (0.83 to 0.94) | 498 | 1379 | 0.15 |
Sedentary activities (min/wk) | 1079 (542;1802) | 1079 (542;1802) | 0.67 (0.48 to 0.80) | 335 | 928 | 0.79 |
Construct Validity
Instrument | Median (25;75th percentile) | Correlation with the ActiGraph accelerometer | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
rs
|
p
| ICC (95% CI) | ||
ActiGraph (n = 48)
| ||||
Counts/min | 289 (195;337) | |||
Total physical activities (min/wk) | 1348 (1117;1717) | |||
Light-intensity activities (min/wk) | 1120 (935;1448) | |||
Moderate-to-vigorous intensity activities (min/wk) | 223 (132;316) | |||
Sedentary activities (min/wk) | 4329 (3551;4584) | |||
AQuAA (n = 48)
| ||||
AQuAA Score (MET*min/wk) | 5591 (3722;8786) | 0.05 | 0.716 | |
Total physical activities (min/wk) | 1330 (935;2344) | 0.03 (-0.25 to 0.31) | ||
Light-intensity activities (min/wk) | 1063 (668;1898) | -0.001 (-0.28 to 0.28) | ||
Moderate-to-vigorous intensity activities (min/wk) | 238 (60;450) | 0.32 (0.04 to 0.55) | ||
Sedentary activities (min/wk) | 3118 (2150;3720) | 0.44 (0.18 to 0.64) | ||
PASE (n = 48)
| ||||
PASE Sum score (PASE score) | 87 (52; 162) | 0.16 | 0.279 | |
Total physical activities (min/wk) | 1609 (933; 2666) | 0.12 (-0.17 to 0.39) | ||
Sedentary activities (min/wk) | 1079 (542; 1802) | 0.39 (0.12 to 0.61) |
Content Validity
Issue | Difficulty | Questionnaire |
---|---|---|
Examples of activities were seen as an exclusive list | Not all of the examples provided to illustrate the questions were performed or the activities performed were not among the examples. | AQuAA and PASE. |
"I climb the stairs, 7 times a day. I do not clean, but I do carry light loads. I do not know how to fill this out, so I will skip this." (61 year old woman with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma). | ||
Different perception of intensity level. | The intensity level at which a certain activity was classified did not match the perceived intensity level. | AQuAA and PASE. |
"Here it says that making the bed is a light household chore, but because I cannot do it, I find it a strenuous activity." (47 year old woman with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma) | ||
"Jogging is classified as a vigorous intensity sport, however for me it is not more than a moderate intensity activity." (26 year old woman with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma) | ||
Recall of frequency and duration. | Recalling the time spent on PA, other than sports and exercise, was challenging. | AQuAA. |
"I do not constantly keep track of the time while cleaning the house." (46 year old woman with cervical cancer) | ||
Calculating the amount of time spent on activities. | Whether the duration of physical activities should be divided across the actual number of days the activities were performed (e.g. 2 days) or across the whole week (i.e. 7 days). | AQuAA and PASE. |
"If I perform an activity 2 days a week for 2 hours each day, to calculate the amount per week should I divide the total hours by 2 or 7 days?" (59 year old woman with breast cancer) |
Theme | Typical answers provided by participants during the TSTI |
---|---|
Interpretability
|
"Both the AQuAA and the PASE are clear to me, I understand all of the questions." (34 year old man with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma) |
Is the phrasing of the questionnaires clear to you? |
"I think that I was well capable of answering the questions of both questionnaires." (50 year old woman with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma) |
"The questionnaires are clear to me, nevertheless you have to take your time to read the questions well in order to answer them correctly." (62 year old man with colon cancer) | |
Comprehension
|
"All activities which people do in their daily life are asked for in the questionnaires." (48 year old man with Hodgkin's lymphoma) |
Are all (of your) daily physical activities addressed in the questionnaires? |
"Both questionnaires address all of my daily physical activities." (50 year old man with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma) |
"All of the activities I do in my daily life are included in the questionnaires." (62 year old man with colon cancer) | |
Preference
| "I have always had trouble with focusing my attention, but now (after the cancer treatment) it has gotten worse...The PASE has multiple choice questions which is very helpful. This makes it easier for me." (55 year old woman with breast cancer) |
Which questionnaire were you more comfortable with answering? |
"The questions of the AQuAA are clearly arranged. It does however require more effort to fill in the AQuAA compared to the PASE because you really have to think about how much time you spent on the activities in the last week...The PASE is much easier because you can pick an answer which suits you best, you use your intuition to give an answer compared to the AQuAA where you really have to think...Therefore I prefer the PASE." (48 year old man with Hodgkin's lymphoma) |
"When answering the AQuAA I had to be very careful and it took a lot of effort for me to estimate how much time I spent on certain activities in the past week ...Because of this I prefer the PASE since you get an indication of the time you may have spent." (66 year old woman with cervical cancer) | |
"You have to carefully read and think about the questions in the AQuAA, but it is not difficult to interpret...The PASE is much easier and because of the multiple choice questions you can be less precise in your answers, but this makes it somewhat superficial...Personally I prefer the AQuAA because I can identify myself more with the open questions structure." (47 year old woman with Multiple myeloma) |