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Erschienen in: Der Schmerz 4/2018

26.06.2018 | Rückenschmerzen | Schwerpunkt

Psychosoziale Risikofaktoren für chronischen Rückenschmerz in der Allgemeingesellschaft und im Leistungssport

Von der Modellbildung zum klinischen Screening – ein Review aus dem MiSpEx-Netzwerk

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. M. I. Hasenbring, C. Levenig, D. Hallner, A.-K. Puschmann, A. Weiffen, J. Kleinert, J. Belz, M. Schiltenwolf, A.-C. Pfeifer, J. Heidari, M. Kellmann, P.-M. Wippert

Erschienen in: Der Schmerz | Ausgabe 4/2018

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Lumbale Rückenschmerzen und ihre Neigung zur Chronifizierung stellen nicht nur in der Allgemeinbevölkerung, sondern auch im Leistungssport ein bedeutendes Gesundheitsproblem dar. Im Gegensatz zu Nichtathleten ist die Erforschung psychosozialer Risikofaktoren sowie von Screeningfragebögen, die möglichst frühzeitig die Entwicklung chronischer Schmerzen erkennen und vorhersagen können, im Leistungssport noch in den Anfängen. Das vorliegende systematische Review gibt einen Überblick über den Stand der Risikofaktorenforschung in beiden Feldern und untersucht die prädiktive Qualität verschiedener Screeningfragebögen bei Nichtathleten.

Methodik

Die Literatursuche erfolgte zwischen März und Juni 2016 in den Datenbanken MEDLINE, PubMed und PsycINFO mit den Suchbegriffen „psychosocial screening“, „low back pain“, „sciatica“ und „prognosis“, „athletes“. Eingeschlossen wurden prospektive Studien an Patienten mit lumbalen Rückenschmerzen mit und ohne Ausstrahlung in das Bein, ≥18 Jahre und mit einem Follow-up von mindestens 3‑monatiger Dauer.

Ergebnisse

In das Review zu Screeninginstrumenten wurden 16 Studien einbezogen. Alle waren an klinischen Stichproben der Allgemeingesellschaft durchgeführt worden. Zu den am häufigsten publizierten Screeningfragebögen gehören der Örebro Musculoskeletal Pain Screening Questionnaire (ÖMPSQ) mit einer zufriedenstellenden Früherkennung der Wiederherstellung der Arbeitsfähigkeit sowie das STarT Back Screening Tool (SBT) mit guter Vorhersage schmerzbedingter Beeinträchtigung. Für die Vorhersage künftiger Schmerzen eignen sich die Risikoanalyse der Schmerzchronifizierung (RISC-R) und der Heidelberger Kurzfragebogen (HKF).

Schlussfolgerungen

Psychosoziale Risikofaktoren für chronische Rückenschmerzen, wie z. B. chronischer Stress, ungünstige Schmerzverarbeitung und depressive Stimmungslagen, werden zunehmend auch im Leistungssport erkannt. Screeninginstrumente, die sich in der Allgemeingesellschaft als hinreichend vorhersagestark erwiesen haben, werden aktuell im MiSpEx-Forschungsverbund auf ihre Eignung überprüft.
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Metadaten
Titel
Psychosoziale Risikofaktoren für chronischen Rückenschmerz in der Allgemeingesellschaft und im Leistungssport
Von der Modellbildung zum klinischen Screening – ein Review aus dem MiSpEx-Netzwerk
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. M. I. Hasenbring
C. Levenig
D. Hallner
A.-K. Puschmann
A. Weiffen
J. Kleinert
J. Belz
M. Schiltenwolf
A.-C. Pfeifer
J. Heidari
M. Kellmann
P.-M. Wippert
Publikationsdatum
26.06.2018
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Der Schmerz / Ausgabe 4/2018
Print ISSN: 0932-433X
Elektronische ISSN: 1432-2129
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00482-018-0307-5

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