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Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt 11/2007

01.11.2007 | Übersichten

Psychotherapie bei bipolaren affektiven Störungen

Ein systematischer Überblick kontrollierter Interventionsstudien

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. M. Hautzinger, T.D. Meyer

Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt | Ausgabe 11/2007

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Zusammenfassung

Stimmungsstabilisierende Medikamente weisen bei der Phasenprophylaxe manisch-depressiver Störungen überzeugende empirische Evidenz auf. Dennoch erleiden Betroffene trotz Mitarbeit unverändert Rückfälle. Es ist daher nahe liegend, psychologische Interventionen unterstützend und ergänzend zur Einstellungs- und Verhaltensänderung heranzuziehen, um so entweder Rückfälle und Hospitalisierungen zu vermeiden oder zumindest ihre Häufigkeit zu reduzieren sowie das soziale Funktionieren und die soziale Integration zu fördern.
Gegenstand dieser Übersicht ist es, den aktuellen Forschungsstand zur Psychotherapie bei bipolar affektiven Störungen zusammenzutragen und daraus Schlussfolgerungen für die Praxis und die weitere Forschung zu ziehen. Eine Literaturrecherche erbrachte insgesamt 461 Arbeiten, wovon letztlich 28 kontrollierte Studien verblieben. Schließt man Doppelungen aus, dann wurden insgesamt 2294 Patienten mit fast ausschließlich (über 90%) Bipolar-I-Störungen eingeschlossen. Die Psychotherapien sind meist kognitiv orientierte Verhaltenstherapie in Form der Einzelbehandlung, aber auch der Gruppen- bzw. Familientherapien. Alle Studien unterstreichen die Bedeutung psychoedukativer Maßnahmen, wobei sie meist als Bestandteil einer umfassenderen psychotherapeutischen Betreuung verstanden wird. Es gibt Evidenzen dafür, dass durch Psychotherapie (vor allem verhaltensorientierte und kognitive Interventionen) die Häufigkeit, die Schwere und die Dauer symptomatischer (vor allem depressiver) Phasen (d=0,39) reduziert, die erkrankungsfreie Zeit (d=0,71) verlängert und die soziale Anpassung verbessert werden kann. Offene Fragen drehen sich um die Indikation, die Prädiktion, die Spezifizität, die angemessene Länge und Dauer, die Wirkmechanismen, die Langfristigkeit der Effekte, den idealen Zeitpunkt der Psychotherapie sowie um die Frage der Prävention bei Risikogruppen.
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Metadaten
Titel
Psychotherapie bei bipolaren affektiven Störungen
Ein systematischer Überblick kontrollierter Interventionsstudien
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. M. Hautzinger
T.D. Meyer
Publikationsdatum
01.11.2007
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Der Nervenarzt / Ausgabe 11/2007
Print ISSN: 0028-2804
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-0407
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-007-2306-0

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