Background
Methods
Study design
Participants and recruitment
Survey
Data collection
Analysis
Patient and public involvement
Results
Participant characteristic | n (%) or mean (± s.d.) |
---|---|
Age | |
45–54 | 590 (57.7) |
55–64 | 328 (32.1) |
> 65 | 103 (10.1) |
Mean (± s.d.) | 54.3 (± 7.1) |
Sex (n, % female) | 513 (50.2) |
Country | |
UK | 668 (65.4) |
US | 183 (17.9) |
Europe | 77 (7.5) |
University level education | 471 (46.1) |
Ethnicity (n, % White) | 973 (95.3) |
General health measure | |
Excellent, very good, good | 811 (79.4) |
Fair, poor | 210 (20.6) |
Smoking status | |
Non-smoker | 512 (50.1) |
Ex-smoker | 345 (33.8) |
Current smoker | 164 (16.1) |
BMI (kg/m2) (mean ± s.d) | 27.4 (± 5.7) |
Previous diagnosis of cancer | 63 (6.2) |
Family history of kidney cancer | 29 (2.8) |
Social group* | |
ABC1 | 778 (76.2) |
C2DE | 188 (18.4) |
Kidney cancer knowledge | |
I am very familiar with it | 6 (0.6) |
I have only heard of the term before | 497 (48.7) |
I know a little about the disease | 180 (17.6) |
Nothing at all | 338 (33.1) |
Cancer worry (mean ± s.d)** | 5.6 (± 2.3) |
Cancer risk perception (mean ± s.d)*** | 34.1 (± 23.2) |
Kidney cancer symptom awareness**** | |
High symptom awareness (≥ 5) | 547 (53.6) |
Low symptom awareness (< 5) | 474 (46.4) |
Kidney cancer risk factor awareness**** | |
High risk factor awareness (≥ 43) | 585 (57.3) |
Low risk factor awareness (< 43) | 436 (42.7) |
Cancer beliefs and attitudes towards kidney cancer screening
Strongly agree /agree (n, %) | Neither agree nor disagree (n, %) | Disagree or Strongly disagree (n, %) | |
---|---|---|---|
General cancer beliefs | |||
“These days, many people with cancer can expect to continue with normal activities and responsibilities”* | 704 (69.0) | 206 (20.2) | 110 (10.9) |
“Cancer can often be cured”* | 740 (72.5) | 199 (19.5) | 82 (8.1) |
“Some people think a diagnosis of cancer is a death sentence. To what extent do you agree or disagree that cancer is a death sentence?”* | 138 (13.5) | 310 (30.4) | 573 (56.1) |
Beliefs about cancer treatment: “Most cancer treatment is worse than the cancer itself” | 406 (40.1) | 343 (33.6) | 272 (26.6) |
Cancer fatalism: “I would NOT want to know if I have cancer” | 68 (6.7) | 109 (10.7) | 844 (82.7) |
Attitudes towards kidney cancer screening | |||
“I would be so worried about what might be found at kidney cancer screening that I would prefer not to have it.” | 72 (7.1) | 83 (8.1) | 866 (84.8) |
“Kidney cancer screening is only necessary if I have symptom” | 80 (7.8) | 149 (14.6) | 792 (77.6) |
“I don’t think there is any point going for kidney cancer screening because it won’t affect the outcome” | 13 (1.3) | 71 (7) | 937 (91.8) |
“Kidney cancer screening could reduce my chance of dying from kidney cancer.” | 937 (91.8) | 45 (4.4) | 39 (3.8) |
Intention to attend screening
Screening test | Mean Burden/ inconvenience (mean ± sd)* | Worry (mean ± sd)* | Intention to take up screening | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Unlikely n (%) | Likely n (%) | |||
Urine test | 1.2 (± 0.5) | 1.2 (± 0.6) | 60 (5.9) | 961 (94.1) |
Blood test | 1.6 (± 0.7) | 1.4 (± 0.7) | 99 (9.7) | 922 (90.3) |
Ultrasound scan | 1.6 (± 0.8) | 1.3 (± 0.7) | 107 (10.5) | 914 (89.5) |
Low dose CT scan | 1.9 (± 0.9) | 1.7 (± 0.9) | 217 (21.3) | 804 (78.8) |
Low dose CT scan combined with lung screening** | – | – | 49 (4.8) | 962 (94.2) |
Influence on intention to take up screening | |||
---|---|---|---|
Much/slightly less likely (n, %) | No influence (n, %) | Much/slightly more likely (n, %) | |
If it was recommended by my GP? | 11 (1.1) | 129 (12.6) | 881 (86.3) |
If I had symptoms of kidney cancer? | 13 (1.3) | 45 (4.4) | 963 (94.3) |
If I could do the test at home? | 26 (2.5) | 277 (27.1) | 718 (70.3) |
If I could do the test at the GP? | 20 (2) | 278 (27.2) | 723 (70.8) |
If I had to go to the hospital for the test? | 244 (23.9) | 377 (36.9) | 400 (39.2) |
If I could make an appointment at the weekend or in the evenings? | 28 (2.7) | 465 (45.5) | 528 (51.7) |
If I had to leave work early? | 179 (17.5) | 657 (64.3) | 185 (18.1) |
If I could book the appointment online? | 19 (1.9) | 449 (44) | 553 (54.2) |