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Erschienen in: Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing 1/2021

01.02.2021 | Original Research

Pulse oximetry based on photoplethysmography imaging with red and green light

Calibratability and challenges

verfasst von: Andreia Moço, Wim Verkruysse

Erschienen in: Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing | Ausgabe 1/2021

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Abstract

Remotely measuring the arterial blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) in visible light (Vis) involves different probing depths, which may compromise calibratibility. This paper assesses the feasibility of calibrating camera-based SpO2 (SpO2,cam) using red and green light. Camera-based photoplethysmographic (PPG) signals were measured at 46 healthy adults at center wavelengths of 580 nm (green), 675 nm (red), and 840 nm (near-infrared; NIR). Subjects had their faces recorded during normoxia and hypoxia and under gradual cooling. SpO2,cam estimates in Vis were based on the normalized ratio of camera-based PPG amplitudes in red over green light (RoG). SpO2,cam in Vis was validated against contact SpO2 (reference) and compared with SpO2,cam estimated using red-NIR wavelengths. An RoG-based calibration curve for SpO2 was determined based on data with a SpO2 range of 85–100%. We found an \(A^{*}_{rms}\) error of 2.9% (higher than the \(A^{*}_{rms}\) for SpO2,cam in red-NIR). Additional measurements on normoxic subjects under temperature cooling (from \(21\,^{\circ }{\text{C}}\) to \(<15\,^{\circ }{\text{C}}\)) evidenced a significant bias of − 1.7, CI [− 2.7, − 0.7]%. It was also noted that SpO\(_{\text{2,cam}}\) estimated at the cheeks was significantly biased (− 3.6, CI [− 5.7, − 1.5]%) with respect to forehead estimations. Under controlled conditions, SpO\(_{\text{2,cam}}\) can be calibrated with red and green light but the accuracy is less than that of SpO\(_{\text{2,cam}}\) estimated in the usual red-NIR window.
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Fußnoten
1
The saturation of arterial blood is referred to as SaO\(_{\text{2}}\) when measured invasively. The “p” in SpO\(_{\text{2}}\) refers to “peripheral” measurement locations such as the finger, ears or forehead [8, 10].
 
2
IRB contact: PHM Keizer, Senior Ethical & Biomedical Officer, High Tech Campus 34, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
 
3
Note that, while any camera channel could have been used to detect peaks in camera-based PPG signals, normalized amplitudes are highest in green wavelengths and this advantage translates to increased reliability of the detected peaks.
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Pulse oximetry based on photoplethysmography imaging with red and green light
Calibratability and challenges
verfasst von
Andreia Moço
Wim Verkruysse
Publikationsdatum
01.02.2021
Verlag
Springer Netherlands
Erschienen in
Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing / Ausgabe 1/2021
Print ISSN: 1387-1307
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-2614
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10877-019-00449-y

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