Background
Methods
Design
Participants
Focus group interview
(1) About one’s experience of a familiar person’s death | |
Have you experienced loss of a family member or another familiar person in the past? | |
Did you take care of those who died? | |
Please tell us in detail about your impressions of the end-of-life care in these cases. | |
Have you had had trouble or difficulty in end-of-life care? | |
On the contrary, was there something good or happy that happened? | |
(2) Your thoughts about “desirable death” | |
What do you want to achieve by the time you die? | |
What does a close family member or friend want to happen when death is near? | |
What conditions would make a desirable death? | |
What are your thoughts with respect to satisfaction and self-determination of medical care? | |
What do you think about the cause of death and whether the family feels it was a convincing death? |
Data analysis
Ethics statement
Results
Characteristics |
n
| % |
---|---|---|
Sex | ||
Male | 8 | 26.7 |
Female | 22 | 73.3 |
Age (years) | ||
20–29 | 6 | 20.0 |
30–39 | 6 | 20.0 |
40–59 | 5 | 16.7 |
65–80 | 13 | 43.3 |
Employment | ||
Unemployed | 12 | 40.0 |
Student | 6 | 20.0 |
Full time | 8 | 26.7 |
Part time | 3 | 10.0 |
Other | 1 | 3.3 |
Family structure | ||
Single person | 4 | 13.3 |
1 generation (couple) | 9 | 30.0 |
2 generations (parent and child) | 11 | 33.3 |
3 generations (parent and child, grandparents) | 6 | 20.0 |
Other | 0 | 0.0 |
Experience of familiar person’s death | ||
Yes | 30 | 100.0 |
No | 0 | 0.0 |
Time interval between familiar person's death and survey (years) | ||
< 1 | 4 | 13.3 |
1–2 | 9 | 30.0 |
3–4 | 6 | 20.0 |
≧ 5 | 11 | 36.7 |
Relationship to familiar person who died (multiple answers) | ||
Parents | 11 | 34.4 |
Grandparents | 10 | 31.3 |
Husband/wife | 4 | 12.5 |
Child | 0 | 0.0 |
Brother/sister | 2 | 6.3 |
Friend | 4 | 12.5 |
Other | 1 | 3.1 |
Experience of attending the deathbed | ||
Yes | 15 | 50.0 |
No | 15 | 50.0 |
8 final categories
(tertiary analysis)
|
19 sub-categories
(secondary analysis)
|
53 important items
(primary analysis)
| Age (years) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
65–80 | 40–59 | 30–39 | 20–29 | |||
(1) Preparation for death | Know medical condition and life expectancy | Know the disease/condition and life expectancy | ● | ● | ||
Be prepared for and accept death | Both patient and family are accepting of death (*) | ● | ● | ● | ● | |
Family can accept death (after it occurs) | ● | ● | ● | |||
To be dead according to the thought of surrounding people (surrounding people's agree) | ● | ● | ||||
Leave thoughts in a will and testament | Do not have to worry about death | ● | ||||
Thinking about own death in daily life | ● | ● | ||||
Write the ending notes, wills, or testaments | ● | ● | ||||
(2) Satisfaction with life | To feel that one has lived until fulfilling one’s life purpose (i.e., not dying prematurely) | Not die earlier than expected (time of death must be as predicted) | ● | |||
To feel that one has lived until fulfilling one’s life purpose (i.e., not dying prematurely) (*) | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||
Having no regrets | Having no regrets (*) | ● | ● | ● | ● | |
I think I did something I wanted to do | ● | |||||
Mourning one’s/your death | Mourning one’s/your death | ● | ● | |||
A life that can be remembered even after death | ● | ● | ||||
(3) Reliable medical environment | Receiving enough treatment | Discussing end-of-life medical care to be provided | ● | |||
Receiving enough treatment | ● | ● | ||||
Participating in decisions about treatment | ● | |||||
Not being treated to prolong life | ● | ● | ||||
Being able to choose dignity in death | ● | |||||
Reliable medical environment and staff | A safe medical environment is in place | ● | ||||
Having a reliable doctor nearby | ● | |||||
(4) Good family relationship | Having family support and people around | Having someone to count on | ● | ● | ||
A person with whom you can be vulnerable will care for you until the end | ● | ● | ||||
Both patient and family consent to enough nursing care | Not being a burden to family members (*) | ● | ● | ● | ● | |
Care period is not long | ● | ● | ||||
Good relationship with family of nursing care (*) | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||
Family members can proactively provide nursing care | ● | |||||
Receiving enough nursing care | ● | ● | ● | |||
(5) Independence for oneself | Being able to do what one hoped at the end | Being able to do what one hoped at the end | ● | ● | ||
Living as usual until the end | ● | |||||
Having fun living | ● | |||||
Independence for oneself in daily activities | Eat by myself until the end | ● | ||||
Go to the bathroom by myself | ● | ● | ||||
Having intention to communicate and move until just before death | Having intention until death (consciousness/communication) | ● | ||||
Being fine until just before death | ● | |||||
Bedridden time is short | ● | ● | ||||
No dementia | ● | ● | ||||
(6) No physical and psychological distress | Being free from physical distress | Being free from physical distress (*) | ● | ● | ● | ● |
Not suffering breathing difficulties | ● | |||||
Being free from emotional distress | Not angry or complaining | ● | ||||
Being free from emotional distress (*) | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||
(7) Dying in a favorite place | Being able to stay in one’s favorite place | Being able to stay in one’s favorite place (*) | ● | ● | ● | ● |
Feel at ease in the environment | Spending time in places and with people without hesitation | ● | ||||
Spend end of life with the family | ● | |||||
Good environment around the deathbed | ● | |||||
(8) Attending the deathbed | Seeing people whom one wants to see | Seeing people whom one wants to see | ● | ● | ||
Saying important things to dear people | Expressing thanks to people | ● | ||||
The family can tell the patient what they want to say | ● | ● | ||||
Telling dear people what one wants to say | ● | ● | ||||
Family present at the deathbed | Family rushes to the deathbed (including those who live far away) | ● | ● | |||
To die surrounded by family | ● | |||||
Family present at the deathbed (*) | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||
To die unexpectedly and effortlessly | To die unexpectedly and effortlessly | ● | ● | |||
Not sudden death | ● | ● |