Introduction
Material and Methods
Study Design
Treatment Protocol
Quality of Life Assessment
Statistical Analysis
Results
Material
Parameter | All | LSG | LRYGB | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total, n (%) | 65 (100) | 34 (52.3) | 31 (47.7) | – |
Sex (females), n (%) | 39 (60)/26 (40) | 22 (64.7) | 17 (54.8) | 0.456 |
Median initial body weight, kg (IQR) | 146.2 (120.0–157.0) | 130.0 (120.0–140.0) | 149.5 (124.5–173.5) | 0.400 |
Mean BMI before surgery, kg/m2 (range) | 50.4 ± 7.3 | 47.7 ± 5.6 | 52.6 ± 8.7 | 0.700 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 58 (89.2) | 28 (82.4) | 30 (96.8) | 0.107 |
Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 44 (67.7) | 21 (61.8) | 23 (74.2) | 0.304 |
T2D, n (%) | 34 (52.3) | 14 (41.2) | 20 (64.5) | 0.083 |
Metabolic syndrome, n (%) | 13 (20) | 5 (14.7) | 8 (25.8) | 0.356 |
Sleep apnea, n (%) | 11 (16.9) | 6 (17.6) | 5 (16.1) | 0.999 |
Weight Loss Effect
Parameter | Type of surgery | Before surgery | 1 year after surgery | 10 years after surgery | p value* |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Weight, kg (IQR) | All | 146.2 (120.0–157.0) | 86.5 (882.0–105.0) | 93.5 (82.0–110.0) | 0.003 |
LSG | 130.0 (120.0–140.0) | 86.0 (81.0–95.0) | 95.5 (90.0–110.0) | ||
LRYGB | 149.5 (124.5–173.5) | 99.0 (82.0–112.5) | 87.0 (75.5–111.5) | ||
BMI, kg/m2 ± SD | All | 50.4 ± 7.3 | 33.2 ± 5.9 | 34.8 ± 6.9 | < 0.001 |
LSG | 47.7 ± 5.6 | 31.4 ± 4.9 | 35.7 ± 6.6 | ||
LRYGB | 52.6 ± 8.7 | 35.8 ± 6.7 | 33.3 ± 7.4 | ||
%TWL ± SD | All | N/A | 33.3 ± 6.8 | 29.7 ± 11.5 | < 0.001 |
LSG | 34.3 ± 5.5 | 25.2 ± 9.6 | |||
LRYGB | 31.8 ± 8.4 | 36.5 ± 11.1 | |||
%EWL ± SD | All | N/A | 58.7 ± 13.4 | 52.1 ± 19.9 | < 0.001 |
LSG | 61.7 ± 11.9 | 45.4 ± 17.9 | |||
LRYGB | 54.1 ± 14.7 | 62.2 ± 19.4 | |||
%EBMIL ± SD | All | N/A | 69.7 ± 16.7 | 61.7 ± 23.2 | < 0.001 |
LSG | 74.0 ± 14.6 | 54.4 ± 20.8 | |||
LRYGB | 63.3 ± 18.2 | 72.7 ± 23.1 |
Quality of Life Assessment
Parameter | Type of surgery | Before surgery (1) | 1 year after surgery (2) | 10 years after surgery (3) | p value (all) | p value (LSG) | p value +(LRYGB) | p value LSG vs. LRYGB* |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Global quality of life—physical health, ± SD | All | 45.6 ± 20.7 | 80.9 ± 11 | 62.3 ± 23 | (1–2) < 0.001 (1–3) 0.003 (2–3) < 0.001 | (1–2) < 0.001 (1–3) < 0.001 (2–3) 0.005 | (1–2) 0.016 (1–3) 0.678 (2–3) 0.108 | 0.571 |
LSG | 51.3 ± 22.1 | 76.5 ± 15.3 | 58.6 ± 24.5 | |||||
LRYGB | 41.8 ± 19.5 | 83.8 ± 5.8 | 64.8 ± 22.2 | |||||
Global quality of life—mental health, ± SD | All | 49.5 ± 17.7 | 73.7 ± 9.3 | 62.2 ± 17.8 | (1–2) < 0.001 (1–3) 0.006 (2–3) 0.014 | (1–2) < 0.001 (1–3) 0.013 (2–3) 0.038 | (1–2) 0.02 (1–3) 0.352 (2–3) 0.326 | 0.159 |
LSG | 54.9 ± 19.1 | 73.1 ± 10.4 | 63.8 ± 16.1 | |||||
LRYGB | 45.9 ± 16.2 | 74.1 ± 8.7 | 61.1 ± 19.3 | |||||
Global—total, ± SD | All | 48.3 ± 20.6 | 79.7 ± 9.8 | 65.1 ± 21.4 | (1–2) < 0.001 (1–3) 0.001 (2–3) 0.007 | (1–2) < 0.001 (1–3) 0.001 (2–3) 0.031 | (1–2) 0.014 (1–3) 0.450 (2–3) 0.196 | 0.371 |
LSG | 54 ± 21 | 77.3 ± 13.4 | 63.5 ± 21.7 | |||||
LRYGB | 44.6 ± 20 | 81.4 ± 6.5 | 66.2 ± 21.7 | |||||
Physical function, ± SD | All | 45.8 ± 29.4 | 93.2 ± 11.2 | 76.3 ± 30.2 | (1–2) < 0.001 (1–3) < 0.001 (2–3) 0.03 | (1–2) < 0.001 (1–3) < 0.001 (2–3) 0.048 | (1–2) 0.011 (1–3) 0.156 (2–3) 0.468 | 0.207 |
LSG | 53.8 ± 31.1 | 88.3 ± 15.7 | 75 ± 32.4 | |||||
LRYGB | 40.6 ± 27.8 | 96.4 ± 5.1 | 77.2 ± 29.6 | |||||
Role physical, ± SD | All | 39.2 ± 4.9 | 92.5 ± 25.6 | 68.2 ± 43 | (1–2) < 0.001 (1–3) 0.011 (2–3) 0.042 | (1–2) < 0.001 (1–3) < 0.001 (2–3) 0.164 | (1–2) 0.170 (1–3) 0.992 (2–3) 0.209 | 0.147 |
LSG | 47.9 ± 4.5 | 81.3 ± 38.6 | 50 ± 48.9 | |||||
LRYGB | 33.3 ± 4.2 | 100 ± 0 | 80.6 ± 34.9 | |||||
Body pain, ± SD | All | 54.8 ± 31.1 | 83.7 ± 19.8 | 64.7 ± 30.9 | (1–2) < 0.001 (1–3) 0.355 (2–3) 0.026 | (1–2) 0.002 (1–3) 0.352 (2–3) 0.081 | (1–2) 0.135 (1–3) 0.869 (2–3) 0.319 | 0.825 |
LSG | 57.1 ± 34.8 | 81.8 ± 20.5 | 63.4 ± 34.6 | |||||
LRYGB | 53.3 ± 29.1 | 85 ± 19.7 | 65.5 ± 29.3 | |||||
General health, ± SD | All | 40.9 ± 17.7 | 70.6 ± 13.4 | 49.1 ± 20.4 | (1–2) < 0.001 (1–3) 0.168 (2–3) < 0.001 | (1–2) < 0.001 (1–3) 0.11 (2–3) < 0.001 | (1–2) 0.064 (1–3) 0.824 (2–3) 0.204 | 0.180 |
LSG | 45.7 ± 20.7 | 65 ± 16.4 | 50.6 ± 23 | |||||
LRYGB | 37.7 ± 15.2 | 74.3 ± 9.9 | 48.1 ± 19 | |||||
Vitality, ± SD | All | 47.8 ± 13.2 | 64.5 ± 7.6 | 54 ± 18.7 | (1–2) < 0.001 (1–3) 0.206 (2–3) 0.012 | (1–2) < 0.001 (1–3) 0.147 (2–3) 0.045 | (1–2) 0.124 (1–3) 0.908 (2–3) 0.26 | 0.424 |
LSG | 52.5 ± 15 | 64.6 ± 7.2 | 55 ± 19.2 | |||||
LRYGB | 44.7 ± 11.3 | 64.4 ± 8 | 53.3 ± 18.9 | |||||
Social function, ± SD | All | 57 ± 19.6 | 74.4 ± 10.4 | 74.4 ± 24.5 | (1–2) 0.002 (1–3) 0.002 (2–3) 0.999 | (1–2) 0.026 (1–3) 0.098 (2–3) 0.839 | (1–2) 0.071 (1–3) 0.017 (2–3) 0.810 | 0.344 |
LSG | 56.5 ± 22.2 | 75.3 ± 12 | 80.3 ± 23.9 | |||||
LRYGB | 57.3 ± 18.3 | 73.9 ± 9.4 | 70.4 ± 24.7 | |||||
Role emotional, ± SD | All | 50 ± 47 | 92.2 ± 21 | 71.1 ± 38.9 | (1–2) < 0.001 (1–3) 0.076 (2–3) 0.078 | (1–2) < 0.001 (1–3) 0.027 (2–3) 0.273 | (1–2) 0.165 (1–3) 0.938 (2–3) 0.293 | 0.623 |
LSG | 61.1 ± 48.9 | 91.7 ± 20.8 | 66.7 ± 45 | |||||
LRYGB | 42.6 ± 45.5 | 92.6 ± 21.7 | 74.1 ± 35.4 | |||||
Mental health, ± SD | All | 51.7 ± 11.9 | 65.3 ± 9.2 | 62.5 ± 17 | (1–2) < 0.001 (1–3) 0.006 (2–3) 0.688 | (1–2) < 0.001 (1–3) 0.022 (2–3) 0.519 | (1–2) 0.208 (1–3) 0.184 (2–3) 0.997 | 0.231 |
LSG | 58.3 ± 11.1 | 66.7 ± 8.1 | 67 ± 15.1 | |||||
LRYGB | 47.3 ± 10.6 | 64.4 ± 10 | 59.6 ± 18 |
Parameter | Before surgery (1) | 1 year after surgery (2) | 10 years after surgery (3) | p value (LRYGB) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Global quality of life—physical health, ± SD | 51.33 ± 22.07 | 76.50 ± 15.32 | 58.58 ± 24.53 | (1 vs. 2) 0.001 (1 vs. 3) 0.467 (2 vs. 3) 0.019 |
Global quality of life—mental health, ± SD | 54.92 ± 19.06 | 73.08 ± 10.36 | 63.83 ± 16.07 | (1 vs. 2) 0.002 (1 vs. 3) 0.148 (2 vs. 3) 0.130 |
Global—total, ± SD | 54 ± 21.01 | 77.25 ± 13.36 | 63.5 ± 21.67 | (1 vs. 2) 0.001 (1 vs. 3) 0.222 (2 vs. 3) 0.053 |
Physical function, ± SD | 53.75 ± 31.12 | 88.33 ± 15.72 | 75 ± 32.4 | (1 vs. 2) 0.001 (1 vs. 3) 0.047 (2 vs. 3) 0.269 |
Role physical, ± SD | 47.92 ± 44.54 | 81.25 ± 38.62 | 50 ± 48.85 | (1 vs. 2) 0.073 (1 vs. 3) 0.989 (2 vs. 3) 0.097 |
Body pain, ± SD | 57.08 ± 34.83 | 81.83 ± 29.55 | 63.42 ± 34.57 | (1 vs. 2) 0.079 (1 vs. 3) 0.829 (2 vs. 3) 0.227 |
General health, ± SD | 45.67 ± 20.74 | 65.00 ± 16.4 | 50.58 ± 22.99 | (1 vs. 2) 0.008 (1 vs. 3) 0.680 (2 vs. 3) 0.054 |
Vitality, ± SD | 52.5 ± 15 | 64.58 ± 7.22 | 55 ± 19.19 | (1 vs. 2) 0.044 (1 vs. 3) 0.856 (2 vs. 3)0.126 |
Social function, ± SD | 56.5 ± 22.17 | 75.25 ± 12.02 | 80.33 ± 23.91 | (1 vs. 2) 0.015 (1 vs. 3) 0.002 (2 vs. 3) 0.690 |
Role emotional, ± SD | 61.08 ± 48.91 | 91.67 ± 20.77 | 66.67 ± 44.97 | (1 vs. 2) 0.094 (1 vs. 3) 0.915 (2 vs. 3) 0.194 |
Mental health, ± SD | 58.33 ± 11.11 | 66.67 ± 8.06 | 67.00 ± 15.08 | (1 vs. 2) 0.091 (1 vs. 3) 0.077 (2 vs. 3) 0.996 |
Parameter ± SD | p value | |
---|---|---|
Females vs. males | 2.03 ± 4.1 | 0.624 |
LSG vs. LRYGB | 6.79 ± 3.63 | 0.072 |
BMI | − 0.03 ± 0.53 | 0.951 |
T2D | 0.36 ± 3.78 | 0.096 |
Insulin therapy | 0.87 ± 3.77 | 0.820 |
Complications of T2D | − 0.89 ± 6.28 | 0.889 |
Hyperlipidemia | − 0.08 ± 4 | 0.985 |
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease | 4.09 ± 3.73 | 0.282 |
Hypertension | − 5.83 ± 3.96 | 0.153 |
Other cardiovascular comorbidity | − 2.17 ± 8.99 | 0.811 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | − 1.45 ± 10.10 | 0.887 |
Obstructive sleep apnea | 0.3 ± 10.1 | 0.977 |
Parameter ± SD | p value | |
---|---|---|
Univariate | ||
Females vs. males | 5.06 ± 4.71 | 0.289 |
LSG vs. LRYGB | 6.08 ± 4.35 | 0.173 |
BMI | − 0.49 ± 0.61 | 0.428 |
T2D | − 6.84 ± 4,22 | 0.116 |
Insulin therapy | − 5.2 ± 4.3 | 0.236 |
Complications of T2D | 0.48 ± 7.35 | 0.948 |
Hyperlipidemia | − 9.3 ± 4.33 | 0.041 |
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease | 2.06 ± 4.43 | 0.645 |
Hypertension | − 11.17 ± 4.32 | 0.015 |
Other cardiovascular comorbidity | − 10.73 ± 10.57 | 0.319 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 6.01 ± 11.03 | 0.591 |
Obstructive sleep apnea | − 16.99 ± 11.03 | 0.136 |
Multivariate | ||
Hyperlipidemia | − 10.87 ± 9.42 | − 0.259 |
Hypertension | − 17.17 ± 9.69 | 0.088 |