Background
Methods
Study population
Variables | Isolated LVNC (n = 24) | Non-isolated LVNC (n = 33) | DCMNC (n = 30) | DCM (n = 27) | Control (n = 31) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 51.2 ± 12.8 | 55.1 ± 16.5 (P = 0.179) | 53.0 ± 14.1 (P = 0.688) | 59.2 ± 15.8 (P = 0.026) | 55.4 ± 7.8 (P = 0.137) |
Sex, male (%) | 50.0 | 57.6 | 60.0 | 70.4 | 74.2 |
Height, cm | 164.7 ± 7.5 | 167.0 ± 9.0 (P = 0.303) | 162.3 ± 8.2 (P = 0.280) | 164.4 ± 10.5 (P = 0.962) | 166.2 ± 8.7 (P = 0.518) |
Weight, kg | 62.9 ± 12.3 | 65.2 ± 10.7 (P = 0.593) | 63.4 ± 13.7 (P = 0.896) | 63.3 ± 14.1 (P = 0.992) | 68.0 ± 12.2 (P = 0.166) |
BSA, m2
| 1.68 ± 0.19 | 1.73 ± 0.17 (P = 0.460) | 1.67 ± 0.18 (P = 0.501) | 1.69 ± 0.23 (P = 0.879) | 1.76 ± 0.19 (P = 0.205) |
SBP, mmHg | 117.9 ± 11.6 | 118.0 ± 17.2 (P = 0.935) | 114.0 ± 18.7 (P = 0.061) | 113.0 ± 15.1 (P = 0.274) | 127.9 ± 13.0* |
DBP, mmHg | 66.7 ± 8.4 | 67.7 ± 10.8 (P = 0.446) | 68.8 ± 11.3 (P = 0.500) | 67.6±12.0 (P = 0.992) | 75.3 ± 8.5* |
TC, mg/dL | 195.6 ± 46.6 | 168.8 ± 30.6 (P = 0.028) | 170.7 ± 41.2 (P = 0.023) | 165.1±35.2 (P = 0.020) | 197.1 ± 33.0 (P = 0.812) |
TG, mg/dL | 148.5 ± 147.0 | 117.1 ± 59.2 (P = 0.992) | 125.5 ± 99.1 (P = 0.726) | 118.0±82.2 (P = 0.725) | 125.6 ± 72.1 (P = 0.926) |
LDL-C, mg/dL | 119.6 ± 36.0 | 104.9 ± 33.3 (P = 0.114) | 105.7 ± 28.9 (P = 0.105) | 94.7 ± 27.5 (P = 0.018) | 127.0 ± 28.4 (P = 0.441) |
HDL-C, mg/dL | 58.7 ± 19.6 | 51.0 ± 12.2 (P = 0.166) | 46.5 ± 15.2 (P = 0.038) | 52.3 ± 23.9 (P = 0.080) | 53.0 ± 14.1 (P = 0.244) |
FBS, mg/dL | 99.3 ± 11.7 | 104.9 ± 20.1 (P = 0.321) | 122.6 ± 52.6 (P = 0.052) | 115.0 ± 45.3 (P = 0.253) | 101.1 ± 14.6 (P = 0.634) |
Hypertension (%) | 12.5 | 18.2 (P = 0.720) | 26.7 (P = 0.310) | 25.9 (P = 0.300) | 22.6 (P = 0.486) |
Diabetes (%) | 8.3 | 15.2 (P = 0.687) | 20.0 (P = 0.277) | 33.3** | 6.5 (P = 1.000) |
Dyslipidemia (%) | 41.7 | 33.3 (P = 0.585) | 16.7 (P = 0.066) | 18.5 (P = 0.123) | 45.2 (P = 1.000) |
CHF (%) | 0 | 18.2** | 46.7** | 59.3** | 0.0 |
CAD (%) | 0 | 18.2 ** | 3.3 (P = 1.000) | 7.4 (P = 0.492) | 3.2 (P = 1.000) |
CVA/TIA (%) | 0 | 0 | 3.3 (P = 1.000) | 11.1 (P = 0.238) | 0.0 |
Arrhythmia (%) | 0 | 30.3** | 20.0** | 18.5 (P = 0.052) | 0.0 |
Characteristics of patients
Acquisition of CMR data
CMR analysis
Non-compaction distribution analysis
Semi-quantitative measurement
Trabeculated volume measurement
Statistical analysis
Results
Characteristics of patients
Distribution of non-compacted area
Semi-quantitative non-compaction criteria, LV volumes, and LGE according to groups
Variables | Isolated LVNC (n = 24) | Non-isolated LVNC (n = 33) | DCMNC (n = 30) | DCM (n = 27) | Control (n = 31) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
LVEF, % | 64.7 ± 6.4 | 47.6 ± 17.0* | 24.8 ± 9.2* | 27.9 ± 10.1* | 66.5 ± 5.9 (P = 0.430) |
LVEDV, mL | 131.1 ± 28.5 | 186.8 ± 60.9* | 293.0 ± 120.2* | 277.0 ± 92.7* | 134.4 ± 22.9 (P = 0.722) |
LVEDVi, mL/m2
| 77.6 ± 12.9 | 107.8 ± 33.6* | 173.0 ± 56.4* | 165.9 ± 57.8* | 76.5 ± 8.8 (P = 0.754) |
LVESV, mL | 47.1 ± 17.0 | 101.0 ± 54.0* | 225.6 ± 110.7* | 203.9 ± 83.1* | 45.5 ± 12.4 (P = 1.000) |
LVESVi, mL/m2
| 27.7 ± 8.3 | 58.6 ± 31.2* | 132.8 ± 53.9* | 122.0 ± 51.0* | 25.7 ± 5.9 (P = 0.635) |
SV, mL | 84.0 ± 16.7 | 85.8 ± 32.7 (p = 0.518) | 67.4 ± 30.7* | 73.0 ± 29.2 (P = 0.045) | 89.0 ± 14.5 (P = 0.235) |
NC/C ratioa
| 3.08 ± 0.80 | 2.90 ± 0.53 (p = 0.593) | 2.92 ± 0.77 (P = 0.342) | 1.71 ± 0.34* | 1.40 ± 0.39* |
NC/septum ratio | 1.45 ± 0.28 | 1.37 ± 0.34 (p = 0.304) | 1.52 ± 0.44 (P = 0.566) | 1.07 ± 0.29* | 0.93 ± 0.22* |
Apex/C ratio | 4.84 ± 1.89 | 3.57 ± 1.89 (p = 0.056) | 3.26 ± 1.80* | 1.25 ± 1.15* | 1.96 ± 1.01* |
Apex/septum ratio | 2.28 ± 0.84 | 1.69 ± 0.96 (P = 0.023) | 1.71 ± 0.95 (P = 0.065) | 0.83 ± 0.89* | 1.31 ± 0.73* |
Apex/mid-lat ratio | 4.53 ± 2.51 | 3.00 ± 1.70 (P = 0.048) | 2.99 ± 1.69 (P = 0.049) | 1.24 ± 1.18* | 1.89 ± 0.99* |
Trab. Vol., mL | 32.1 ± 13.8 | 45.1 ± 15.3* | 61.6 ± 25.5* | 41.9 ± 18.4* | 23.9 ± 6.9* |
Trab. Vol., %LV | 42.6 ± 14.8 | 44.2 ± 15.4 (p = 0.891) | 47.1 ± 17.3 (P = 0.210) | 30.3 ± 14.3* | 24.8 ± 7.1* |
Correlation between trabeculated LV volume and LV function measurements
Distribution of the percentage of trabeculated LV volume and reproducibility
Value of the percentage of trabeculated LV volume and semi-quantitative methods in LVNC diagnosis
Refined CMR criteria | Standard references | Area under curve [CI] | Specificity (%)[CI] | Sensitivity (%)[CI] | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
TV (%LV) | 34.6 % | Jenni’s | 0.843 [0.760-0.926] | 89.7 [72.6 - 97.8] | 66.1 [52.6 - 77.9] |
32.3 % | Petersen’s | 0.894 [0.826-0.962] | 90.3 [74.2 - 98.0] | 79.0 [66.1 - 88.6] | |
Apex/C ratio | 3.15 | Jenni’s | 0.820 [0.732-0.907] | 93.1 [77.2 - 99.2] | 69.5 [56.1 - 80.8] |
3.11 | Petersen’s | 0.849 [0.769-0.930] | 93.6 [78.6 - 99.2] | 73.7 [60.3 - 84.5] | |
NC/septum ratio | 1.27 | Jenni’s | 0.750 [0.638-0.863] | 82.8 [64.2 - 94.2] | 57.6 [44.1 - 70.4] |
1.05 | Petersen’s | 0.892 [0.822-0.962] | 80.7 [62.5 - 92.5] | 87.7 [76.3 - 94.9] |