Background
Methods
Study design
Variables | Score | |
---|---|---|
Age, years | < 60 | 0 |
60–79 | 1 | |
≥ 80 | 2 | |
Shock | Pulse < 100 bpm, SBP > 100 mmHg | 0 |
Pulse > 100 bpm, SBP > 100 mmHg | 1 | |
Pulse < 100 bpm, SBP < 100 mmHg | 2 | |
Comorbidity | None | 0 |
IHD, CHF, major morbidity | 2 | |
Renal/hepatic failure | 3 |
Sample size estimation
Statistical analysis
Results
Characteristics | qSOFA = 0 (n = 145) | qSOFA = 1 (n = 45) | qSOFA = 2 (n = 19) | qSOFA = 3 (n = 9) | P valuea |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender male, n (%) | 100 (69.0) | 28 (62.2) | 11 (57.9) | 6 (66.7) | 0.706 |
Age, years, median (IQR) | 57 (43–70) | 60 (46–67) | 62 (43–76) | 64 (58–67) | 0.519 |
CCI, median (IQR) | 3 (1–4) | 2 (1–4) | 4 (1–5) | 4 (3–5) | 0.036 |
Diagnosis | |||||
– Peptic gastric/duodenal ulcer, n (%) | 50 (34.5) | 15 (33.3) | 8 (42.1) | 6 (66.7) | 0.247 |
– Gastric/duodenal erosion, n (%) | 42 (28.9) | 17 (37.8) | 3 (15.8) | 2 (22.2) | 0.356 |
– Mallory-Weiss tear, n (%) | 28 (19.3) | 7 (15.6) | 3 (15.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0.647 |
– Malignancy, n (%) | 15 (10.3) | 1 (2.2) | 3 (15.3) | 1 (11.1) | 0.158 |
– Erosive gastritis, n (%) | 8 (5.5) | 5 (11.1) | 1 (5.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.527 |
– Other, n (%) | 2 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (5.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.432 |
Hemoglobin level, g/dL, median (IQR) | 101.0 (76.0–123.0) | 88.0 (75.0–105.0) | 70.0 (58.0–76.0) | 68.0 (60.0–80.0) | < 0.001 |
Hemoglobin level < 7 g/dL, n (%) | 24 (16.6) | 8 (17.8) | 10 (52.6) | 5 (55.6) | < 0.001 |
Vasopressors, n (%) | 4 (2.8) | 7 (15.6) | 7 (36.8) | 5 (55.6) | < 0.001 |
Endoscopic therapy, n (%) | 35 (24.1) | 13 (28.9) | 7 (36.8) | 2 (22.2) | 0.642 |
Outcomes | qSOFA = 0 (n = 145) | qSOFA = 1 (n = 45) | qSOFA = 2 (n = 19) | qSOFA = 3 (n = 9) | P valuea |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ICU admission, n (%) | 51 (35.2) | 36 (80.0) | 19 (100.0) | 9 (100.0) | < 0.001 |
Rebleeding, n (%) | 16 (11.0) | 11 (24.4) | 7 (36.8) | 3 (33.3) | 0.006 |
Surgery required, n (%) | 8 (5.5) | 6 (13.3) | 6 (31.6) | 2 (22.2) | 0.002 |
In-hospital mortality, n (%) | 5 (3.4) | 7 (15.6) | 8 (42.1) | 8 (88.9) | < 0.001 |
Outcomes | Rockall ≤ 3 (n = 150) | Rockall = 4 (n = 31) | Rockall = 5 (n = 23) | Rockall = 6 (n = 10) | Rockall = 7 (n = 4) | P valuea |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ICU admission, n (%) | 63 (42.0) | 18 (58.1) | 20 (87.0) | 10 (100.0) | 4 (100.0) | < 0.001 |
Rebleeding, n (%) | 12 (8.0) | 9 (29.0) | 12 (52.2) | 3 (30.0) | 1 (25.0) | < 0.001 |
Surgery required, n (%) | 6 (4.0) | 5 (16.1) | 7 (30.4) | 3 (30.0) | 1 (25.0) | < 0.001 |
In-hospital mortality, n (%) | 2 (1.3) | 3 (9.7) | 11 (47.8) | 8 (80.0) | 4 (100.0) | < 0.001 |
Score | Se, %, (95% CI) | Sp, %, (95% CI) | +LR (95% CI) | −LR (95% CI) | +PV, %, (95% CI) | −PV, %, (95% CI) | Youden’s index |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
qSOFA score | |||||||
≥ 0 | 100.0 (87.7–100.0) | 0.0 (0.0–1.9) | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | – | 12.8 (8.7–18.0) | – | 0.000 |
≥ 1a | 82.1 (63.1–93.9) | 73.7 (66.8–79.8) | 3.1 (2.3–4.2) | 0.2 (0.1–0.5) | 31.5 (21.1–43.4) | 96.6 (92.1–98.9) | 0.558 |
≥ 2 | 57.1 (37.2–75.5) | 93.7 (89.2–96.7) | 9.1 (4.8–17.1) | 0.5 (0.3–0.7) | 57.1 (37.2–75.5 | 93.7 (89.2–96.7) | 0.508 |
3 | 28.6 (13.2–48.7) | 99.5 (97.1–100.0) | 54.3 (7.1–417.8) | 0.7 (0.6–0.9) | 88.9 (51.8–99.7) | 90.4 (85.6–94.1) | 0.281 |
Rockall preendoscopic score | |||||||
≥ 0 | 100.0 (87.7–100.0) | 0.0 (0.0–1.9) | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | – | 12.8 (8.7–18.0) | – | 0.000 |
≥ 1 | 100.0 (87.7–100.0) | 23.7 (17.8–30.4) | 1.3 (1.2–1.4) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 16.2 (11.0–22.5) | 100.0 (92.1–100.0) | 0.237 |
≥ 2 | 100.0 (87.7–100.0) | 44.2 (37.0–51.6) | 1.8 (1.6–2.0) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 20.9 (14.4–28.8) | 100.0 (95.7–100.0) | 0.442 |
≥ 3 | 92.9 (76.5–99.1) | 61.1 (53.7–68.0) | 2.4 (1.9–2.9) | 0.12 (0.0–0.4) | 26.0 (17.7–35.7) | 98.3 (94.0–99.8) | 0.540 |
≥ 4 | 92.9 (76.5–99.1) | 77.9 (71.3–83.6) | 4.2 (3.2–5.6) | 0.1 (0.0–0.3) | 38.2 (26.7–50.8) | 98.7 (95.3–99.8) | 0.708 |
≥ 5a | 82.1 (63.1–93.9) | 92.6 (87.9–95.9) | 11.2 (6.5–19.0) | 0.2 (0.1–0.4) | 62.2 (44.8–77.5) | 97.2 (93.7–99.1) | 0.748 |
≥ 6 | 42.9 (24.5–62.8) | 99.0 (96.2–99.9) | 40.7 (9.6–172.4) | 0.6 (0.4–0.8) | 85.7 (57.2–98.2) | 92.2 (87.6–95.5) | 0.419 |
7 | 14.3 (4.0–32.7) | 100.0 (98.1–100.0) | – | 0.9 (0.7–1.0) | 100.0 (39.8–100.0) | 88.8 (83.8–92.7) | 0.143 |