Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Der Unfallchirurg 9/2016

03.08.2016 | Komplexes regionales Schmerzsyndrom | Leitthema

Komplexes regionales Schmerzsyndrom nach distaler Radiusfraktur

Aktuelle Epidemiologie, pathophysiologische Modelle, Diagnostik und Therapie

verfasst von: PD Dr. L. Harhaus, F. Neubrech, C. Hirche, T. Schilling, H. Kohler, A. Mayr, A. Riesmeier, B. Bickert, U. Kneser

Erschienen in: Die Unfallchirurgie | Ausgabe 9/2016

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Zusammenfassung

Das „complex regional pain syndrome“ (CRPS) stellt nach wie vor eine nicht abschließend ätiologisch geklärte Komplikation nach distalen Radiusfrakturen dar. Die Inzidenz des Auftretens eines CRPS nach distalen Radiusfrakturen variiert zwischen 1 und 37 %. Pathophysiologisch wird nach aktuellen Erkenntnissen ein komplexes Zusammenspiel von inflammatorischen, somatosensorischen, motorischen und vegetativ-autonomen Veränderungen angenommen, die zu einer persistierenden maladaptiven Antwort und Sensibilisierung des zentralen und peripheren Nervensystems mit den entsprechenden Symptomen führen. Entscheidend für die Diagnosestellung sind eine detaillierte Anamneseerhebung sowie die klinisch-handchirurgische, neurologische und schmerzmedizinische Untersuchung mit Bestätigung der „Budapest-Kriterien“. Unter den apparativen Möglichkeiten haben die Dreiphasenskelettszintigraphie wie auch die Temperaturmessung einen gewissen Stellenwert. Eine möglichst früh begonnene multimodale Therapie ist am erfolgversprechendsten. Dabei stehen in aller Regel schmerzmedizinische und funktionelle Aspekte im Rahmen einer multimodalen Rehabilitation im Vordergrund.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Beerthuizen A, Stronks DL, Van’t Spijker A, Yaksh A, Hanraets BM, Klein J, Huygen FJ (2012) Demographic and medical parameters in the development of complex regional pain syndrome type 1 (CRPS1): prospective study on 596 patients with a fracture. Pain 153:1187–1192PubMedCrossRef Beerthuizen A, Stronks DL, Van’t Spijker A, Yaksh A, Hanraets BM, Klein J, Huygen FJ (2012) Demographic and medical parameters in the development of complex regional pain syndrome type 1 (CRPS1): prospective study on 596 patients with a fracture. Pain 153:1187–1192PubMedCrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Zollinger PE, Tuinebreijer WE, Kreis RW, Breederveld RS (1999) Effect of vitamin C on frequency of reflex sympathetic dystrophy in wrist fractures: a randomised trial. Lancet 354:2025–2028PubMedCrossRef Zollinger PE, Tuinebreijer WE, Kreis RW, Breederveld RS (1999) Effect of vitamin C on frequency of reflex sympathetic dystrophy in wrist fractures: a randomised trial. Lancet 354:2025–2028PubMedCrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Roumen RM, Hesp WL, Bruggink ED (1991) Unstable Colles’ fractures in elderly patients. A randomised trial of external fixation for redisplacement. J Bone Joint Surg Br 73:307–311PubMed Roumen RM, Hesp WL, Bruggink ED (1991) Unstable Colles’ fractures in elderly patients. A randomised trial of external fixation for redisplacement. J Bone Joint Surg Br 73:307–311PubMed
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Veldman PH, Reynen HM, Arntz IE, Goris RJ (1993) Signs and symptoms of reflex sympathetic dystrophy: prospective study of 829 patients. Lancet 342:1012–1016PubMedCrossRef Veldman PH, Reynen HM, Arntz IE, Goris RJ (1993) Signs and symptoms of reflex sympathetic dystrophy: prospective study of 829 patients. Lancet 342:1012–1016PubMedCrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Dijkstra PU, Groothoff JW, ten Duis HJ, Geertzen JH (2003) Incidence of complex regional pain syndrome type I after fractures of the distal radius. Eur J Pain 7:457–462PubMedCrossRef Dijkstra PU, Groothoff JW, ten Duis HJ, Geertzen JH (2003) Incidence of complex regional pain syndrome type I after fractures of the distal radius. Eur J Pain 7:457–462PubMedCrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Gradl G, Gradl G, Wendt M, Mittlmeier T, Kundt G, Jupiter JB (2013) Non-bridging external fixation employing multiplanar K‑wires versus volar locked plating for dorsally displaced fractures of the distal radius. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 133:595–602PubMedCrossRef Gradl G, Gradl G, Wendt M, Mittlmeier T, Kundt G, Jupiter JB (2013) Non-bridging external fixation employing multiplanar K‑wires versus volar locked plating for dorsally displaced fractures of the distal radius. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 133:595–602PubMedCrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Bickerstaff DR, Kanis JA (1994) Algodystrophy: an under-recognized complication of minor trauma. Br J Rheumatol 33:240–248PubMedCrossRef Bickerstaff DR, Kanis JA (1994) Algodystrophy: an under-recognized complication of minor trauma. Br J Rheumatol 33:240–248PubMedCrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Roh YH, Lee BK, Noh JH, Baek JR, Oh JH, Gong HS, Baek GH (2014) Factors associated with complex regional pain syndrome type I in patients with surgically treated distal radius fracture. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 134:1775–1781PubMedCrossRef Roh YH, Lee BK, Noh JH, Baek JR, Oh JH, Gong HS, Baek GH (2014) Factors associated with complex regional pain syndrome type I in patients with surgically treated distal radius fracture. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 134:1775–1781PubMedCrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Jellad A, Salah S, Salah Frih ZB (2014) Complex regional pain syndrome type I: incidence and risk factors in patients with fracture of the distal radius. Arch Phys Med Rehab 95:487–492CrossRef Jellad A, Salah S, Salah Frih ZB (2014) Complex regional pain syndrome type I: incidence and risk factors in patients with fracture of the distal radius. Arch Phys Med Rehab 95:487–492CrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Suso S, Combalia A, Segur JM, Garcia-Ramiro S, Ramon R (1993) Comminuted intra-articular fractures of the distal end of the radius treated with the Hoffmann external fixator. J Trauma 35:61–66PubMedCrossRef Suso S, Combalia A, Segur JM, Garcia-Ramiro S, Ramon R (1993) Comminuted intra-articular fractures of the distal end of the radius treated with the Hoffmann external fixator. J Trauma 35:61–66PubMedCrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Hegeman JH, Oskam J, Vierhout PA, Ten Duis HJ (2005) External fixation for unstable intra-articular distal radial fractures in women older than 55 years. Acceptable functional end results in the majority of the patients despite significant secondary displacement. Injury 36:339–344PubMedCrossRef Hegeman JH, Oskam J, Vierhout PA, Ten Duis HJ (2005) External fixation for unstable intra-articular distal radial fractures in women older than 55 years. Acceptable functional end results in the majority of the patients despite significant secondary displacement. Injury 36:339–344PubMedCrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Zollinger PE, Kreis RW, van der Meulen HG, van der Elst M, Breederveld RS, van der Tuinebreijer WE (2010) No higher risk of CRPS after external fixation of distal radial fractures – subgroup analysis under randomised vitamin C prophylaxis. Open Orthop J 4:71–75PubMedPubMedCentral Zollinger PE, Kreis RW, van der Meulen HG, van der Elst M, Breederveld RS, van der Tuinebreijer WE (2010) No higher risk of CRPS after external fixation of distal radial fractures – subgroup analysis under randomised vitamin C prophylaxis. Open Orthop J 4:71–75PubMedPubMedCentral
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Marx C, Wiedersheim P, Michel BA, Stucki G (2001) Preventing recurrence of reflex sympathetic dystrophy in patients requiring an operative intervention at the site of dystrophy after surgery. Clin Rheumatol 20:114–118PubMedCrossRef Marx C, Wiedersheim P, Michel BA, Stucki G (2001) Preventing recurrence of reflex sympathetic dystrophy in patients requiring an operative intervention at the site of dystrophy after surgery. Clin Rheumatol 20:114–118PubMedCrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Zyluk A (2004) Complex regional pain syndrome type I. Risk factors, prevention and risk of recurrence. J Hand Surg Br 29:334–337PubMedCrossRef Zyluk A (2004) Complex regional pain syndrome type I. Risk factors, prevention and risk of recurrence. J Hand Surg Br 29:334–337PubMedCrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen S, Roffey DM, Dion CA, Arab A, Wai EK (2016) Effect of Perioperative vitamin C supplementation on postoperative pain and the incidence of chronic regional pain syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin J Pain 32(2):179–185PubMedCrossRef Chen S, Roffey DM, Dion CA, Arab A, Wai EK (2016) Effect of Perioperative vitamin C supplementation on postoperative pain and the incidence of chronic regional pain syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin J Pain 32(2):179–185PubMedCrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Meena S, Sharma P, Gangary SK, Chowdhury B (2015) Role of vitamin C in prevention of complex regional pain syndrome after distal radius fractures: a meta-analysis. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 25(4):637–641PubMedCrossRef Meena S, Sharma P, Gangary SK, Chowdhury B (2015) Role of vitamin C in prevention of complex regional pain syndrome after distal radius fractures: a meta-analysis. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 25(4):637–641PubMedCrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Nickel FT, Maihöfner C (2010) Current concepts in pathophysiology of CRPS I. Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir 42:8–14PubMedCrossRef Nickel FT, Maihöfner C (2010) Current concepts in pathophysiology of CRPS I. Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir 42:8–14PubMedCrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Woolf CJ, Mannion RJ (1999) Neuropathic pain: aetiology, symptoms, mechanisms, and management. Lancet 353(9168):1959–1964PubMedCrossRef Woolf CJ, Mannion RJ (1999) Neuropathic pain: aetiology, symptoms, mechanisms, and management. Lancet 353(9168):1959–1964PubMedCrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Lanz S, Maihöfner C (2009) Symptoms and pathophysiological mechanisms of neuropathic pain syndromes. Nervenarzt 80(4):430–444PubMedCrossRef Lanz S, Maihöfner C (2009) Symptoms and pathophysiological mechanisms of neuropathic pain syndromes. Nervenarzt 80(4):430–444PubMedCrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Woolf CJ, Salter MW (2000) Neuronal plasticity: increasing the gain in pain. Science 288(5472):1765–1769PubMedCrossRef Woolf CJ, Salter MW (2000) Neuronal plasticity: increasing the gain in pain. Science 288(5472):1765–1769PubMedCrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Kiefer RT, Rohr P, Ploppa A, Dieterich HJ, Grothusen J, Koffler S, Altemeyer KH, Unertl K, Schwartzman RJ (2008) Efficacy of ketamine in anesthetic dosage for the treatment of refractory complex regional pain syndrome: an open-label phase II study. Pain Med 9(8):1173–1201PubMedCrossRef Kiefer RT, Rohr P, Ploppa A, Dieterich HJ, Grothusen J, Koffler S, Altemeyer KH, Unertl K, Schwartzman RJ (2008) Efficacy of ketamine in anesthetic dosage for the treatment of refractory complex regional pain syndrome: an open-label phase II study. Pain Med 9(8):1173–1201PubMedCrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Kiefer RT, Rohr P, Ploppa A, Nohé B, Dieterich HJ, Grothusen J, Altemeyer KH, Unertl K, Schwartzman RJ (2008) A pilot open-label study of the efficacy of subanesthetic isomeric S(+)-ketamine in refractory CRPS patients. Pain Med 9(1):44–54PubMedCrossRef Kiefer RT, Rohr P, Ploppa A, Nohé B, Dieterich HJ, Grothusen J, Altemeyer KH, Unertl K, Schwartzman RJ (2008) A pilot open-label study of the efficacy of subanesthetic isomeric S(+)-ketamine in refractory CRPS patients. Pain Med 9(1):44–54PubMedCrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Sigtermans MJ, van Hilten JJ, Bauer MC, Arbous MS, Marinus J, Sarton EY, Dahan A (2009) Ketamine produces effective and long-term pain relief in patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type 1. Pain 145(3):304–311PubMedCrossRef Sigtermans MJ, van Hilten JJ, Bauer MC, Arbous MS, Marinus J, Sarton EY, Dahan A (2009) Ketamine produces effective and long-term pain relief in patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type 1. Pain 145(3):304–311PubMedCrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Huygen FJ, De Bruijn AG, De Bruin MT, Groeneweg JG, Klein J, Zijlstra FJ (2002) Evidence for local inflammation in complex regional pain syndrome type 1. Mediators Inflamm 11(1):47–51PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Huygen FJ, De Bruijn AG, De Bruin MT, Groeneweg JG, Klein J, Zijlstra FJ (2002) Evidence for local inflammation in complex regional pain syndrome type 1. Mediators Inflamm 11(1):47–51PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Heijmans-Antonissen C, Wesseldijk F, Munnikes RJ, Huygen FJ, van der Meijden P, Hop WC, Hooijkaas H, Zijlstra FJ (2006) Multiplex bead array assay for detection of 25 soluble cytokines in blister fluid of patients with complex regional pain syndrome type 1. Mediators Inflamm 1:28398 Heijmans-Antonissen C, Wesseldijk F, Munnikes RJ, Huygen FJ, van der Meijden P, Hop WC, Hooijkaas H, Zijlstra FJ (2006) Multiplex bead array assay for detection of 25 soluble cytokines in blister fluid of patients with complex regional pain syndrome type 1. Mediators Inflamm 1:28398
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Uçeyler N, Eberle T, Rolke R, Birklein F, Sommer C (2007) Differential expression patterns of cytokines in complex regional pain syndrome. Pain 132(1–2):195–205PubMedCrossRef Uçeyler N, Eberle T, Rolke R, Birklein F, Sommer C (2007) Differential expression patterns of cytokines in complex regional pain syndrome. Pain 132(1–2):195–205PubMedCrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Blaes F, Tschernatsch M, Braeu ME, Matz O, Schmitz K, Nascimento D, Kaps M, Birklein F (2007) Autoimmunity in complex-regional pain syndrome. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1107:168–173PubMedCrossRef Blaes F, Tschernatsch M, Braeu ME, Matz O, Schmitz K, Nascimento D, Kaps M, Birklein F (2007) Autoimmunity in complex-regional pain syndrome. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1107:168–173PubMedCrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Birklein F, Schmelz M (2008) Neuropeptides, neurogenic inflammation and complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). Neurosci Lett 437(3):199–202PubMedCrossRef Birklein F, Schmelz M (2008) Neuropeptides, neurogenic inflammation and complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). Neurosci Lett 437(3):199–202PubMedCrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Borsook D, Sava S (2009) Pain: Do ACE inhibitors exacerbate complex regional pain syndrome? Nat Rev Neurol 5(6):306–308PubMedCrossRef Borsook D, Sava S (2009) Pain: Do ACE inhibitors exacerbate complex regional pain syndrome? Nat Rev Neurol 5(6):306–308PubMedCrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat de Rooij AM, Gosso FM, Haasnoot GW, Marinus J, Verduijn W, Claas FH, van den Maagdenberg AM, van Hilten JJ (2009) HLA-B62 and HLA-DQ8 are associated with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome with fixed dystonia. Pain 145(1–2):82–85PubMedCrossRef de Rooij AM, Gosso FM, Haasnoot GW, Marinus J, Verduijn W, Claas FH, van den Maagdenberg AM, van Hilten JJ (2009) HLA-B62 and HLA-DQ8 are associated with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome with fixed dystonia. Pain 145(1–2):82–85PubMedCrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Kemler MA, van de Vusse AC, van den Berg-Loonen EM, Barendse GA, van Kleef M, Weber WE (1999) HLA-DQ1 associated with reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Neurology 53(6):1350–1351PubMedCrossRef Kemler MA, van de Vusse AC, van den Berg-Loonen EM, Barendse GA, van Kleef M, Weber WE (1999) HLA-DQ1 associated with reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Neurology 53(6):1350–1351PubMedCrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Drummond PD (2001) Mechanism of complex regional pain syndrome: no longer excessive sympathetic outflow? Lancet 358(9277):168–170PubMedCrossRef Drummond PD (2001) Mechanism of complex regional pain syndrome: no longer excessive sympathetic outflow? Lancet 358(9277):168–170PubMedCrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Drummond PD, Skipworth S, Finch PM (1996) Alpha 1‑adrenoceptors in normal and hyperalgesic human skin. Clin Sci (Lond) 91(1):73–77CrossRef Drummond PD, Skipworth S, Finch PM (1996) Alpha 1‑adrenoceptors in normal and hyperalgesic human skin. Clin Sci (Lond) 91(1):73–77CrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Drummond PD, Finch PM, Smythe GA (1991) Reflex sympathetic dystrophy: the significance of differing plasma catecholamine concentrations in affected and unaffected limbs. Brain 114:2025–2036PubMedCrossRef Drummond PD, Finch PM, Smythe GA (1991) Reflex sympathetic dystrophy: the significance of differing plasma catecholamine concentrations in affected and unaffected limbs. Brain 114:2025–2036PubMedCrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Birklein F, Weber M, Ernst M, Riedl B, Neundörfer B, Handwerker HO (2000) Experimental tissue acidosis leads to increased pain in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). Pain 87(2):227–234PubMedCrossRef Birklein F, Weber M, Ernst M, Riedl B, Neundörfer B, Handwerker HO (2000) Experimental tissue acidosis leads to increased pain in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). Pain 87(2):227–234PubMedCrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Eisenberg E, Shtahl S, Geller R, Reznick AZ, Sharf O, Ravbinovich M, Erenreich A, Nagler RM (2008) Serum and salivary oxidative analysis in complex regional pain syndrome. Pain 138(1):226–232PubMedCrossRef Eisenberg E, Shtahl S, Geller R, Reznick AZ, Sharf O, Ravbinovich M, Erenreich A, Nagler RM (2008) Serum and salivary oxidative analysis in complex regional pain syndrome. Pain 138(1):226–232PubMedCrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Ali Z, Raja SN, Wesselmann U, Fuchs PN, Meyer RA, Campbell JN (2000) Intradermal injection of norepinephrine evokes pain in patients with sympathetically maintained pain. Pain 88(2):161–168PubMedCrossRef Ali Z, Raja SN, Wesselmann U, Fuchs PN, Meyer RA, Campbell JN (2000) Intradermal injection of norepinephrine evokes pain in patients with sympathetically maintained pain. Pain 88(2):161–168PubMedCrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Schlereth T, Dittmar JO, Seewald B, Birklein F (2006) Peripheral amplification of sweating – a role for calcitonin gene-related peptide. J Physiol 576:823–832PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Schlereth T, Dittmar JO, Seewald B, Birklein F (2006) Peripheral amplification of sweating – a role for calcitonin gene-related peptide. J Physiol 576:823–832PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Birklein F, Riedl B, Sieweke N, Weber M, Neundörfer B (2000) Neurological findings in complex regional pain syndromes – analysis of 145 cases. Acta Neurol Scand 101(4):262–269PubMedCrossRef Birklein F, Riedl B, Sieweke N, Weber M, Neundörfer B (2000) Neurological findings in complex regional pain syndromes – analysis of 145 cases. Acta Neurol Scand 101(4):262–269PubMedCrossRef
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Galer BS, Jensen M (1999) Neglect-like symptoms in complex regional pain syndrome: results of a self-administered survey. J Pain Symptom Manage 18:213–217PubMedCrossRef Galer BS, Jensen M (1999) Neglect-like symptoms in complex regional pain syndrome: results of a self-administered survey. J Pain Symptom Manage 18:213–217PubMedCrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Maihöfner C, Baron R, DeCol R, Binder A, Birklein F, Deuschl G, Handwerker HO, Schattschneider J (2007) The motor system shows adaptive changes in complex regional pain syndrome. Brain 130:2671–2687PubMedCrossRef Maihöfner C, Baron R, DeCol R, Binder A, Birklein F, Deuschl G, Handwerker HO, Schattschneider J (2007) The motor system shows adaptive changes in complex regional pain syndrome. Brain 130:2671–2687PubMedCrossRef
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Desmurget M, Epstein CM, Turner RS, Prablanc C, Alexander GE, Grafton ST (1999) Role of the posterior parietal cortex in updating reaching movements to a visual target. Nat Neurosci 2(6):563–567PubMedCrossRef Desmurget M, Epstein CM, Turner RS, Prablanc C, Alexander GE, Grafton ST (1999) Role of the posterior parietal cortex in updating reaching movements to a visual target. Nat Neurosci 2(6):563–567PubMedCrossRef
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Schwenkreis P, Janssen F, Rommel O, Pleger B, Völker B, Hosbach I, Dertwinkel R, Maier C, Tegenthoff M (2003) Bilateral motor cortex disinhibition in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) type I of the hand. Neurology 61(4):515–519PubMedCrossRef Schwenkreis P, Janssen F, Rommel O, Pleger B, Völker B, Hosbach I, Dertwinkel R, Maier C, Tegenthoff M (2003) Bilateral motor cortex disinhibition in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) type I of the hand. Neurology 61(4):515–519PubMedCrossRef
44.
Zurück zum Zitat van de Beek WJ, Vein A, Hilgevoord AA, van Dijk JG, van Hilten BJ (2002) Neurophysiologic aspects of patients with generalized or multifocal tonic dystonia of reflex sympathetic dystrophy. J Clin Neurophysiol 19(1):77–83PubMedCrossRef van de Beek WJ, Vein A, Hilgevoord AA, van Dijk JG, van Hilten BJ (2002) Neurophysiologic aspects of patients with generalized or multifocal tonic dystonia of reflex sympathetic dystrophy. J Clin Neurophysiol 19(1):77–83PubMedCrossRef
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Bialas P (2013) Die Diagnose Komplexes Regionales Schmerzsyndrom. Angew Schmerzther Palliativmed 6:28–33CrossRef Bialas P (2013) Die Diagnose Komplexes Regionales Schmerzsyndrom. Angew Schmerzther Palliativmed 6:28–33CrossRef
46.
Zurück zum Zitat S1 Leitlinie „Diagnostik und Therapie komplexer regionaler Schmerzsyndrome (CRPS)“, AWMF-Registernummer 030/116, Stand: September 2012 S1 Leitlinie „Diagnostik und Therapie komplexer regionaler Schmerzsyndrome (CRPS)“, AWMF-Registernummer 030/116, Stand: September 2012
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Harden RN, Bruehl S, Perez RS, Birklein F, Marinus J, Maihofner C, Lubenow T, Buvanendran A, Mackey S, Graciosa J, Mogilevski M, Ramsden C, Chont M, Vatine JJ (2010) Validation of proposed diagnostic criteria (the “Budapest Criteria”) for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome. Pain 150(2):268–274PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Harden RN, Bruehl S, Perez RS, Birklein F, Marinus J, Maihofner C, Lubenow T, Buvanendran A, Mackey S, Graciosa J, Mogilevski M, Ramsden C, Chont M, Vatine JJ (2010) Validation of proposed diagnostic criteria (the “Budapest Criteria”) for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome. Pain 150(2):268–274PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Pennekamp W, Krumova EK, Maier C (2011) Bilateral metachronous complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS I) of the lands – diagnosis with quantitative TPBS (3 phase scintigraphy). Rofo 183(5):478–480PubMedCrossRef Pennekamp W, Krumova EK, Maier C (2011) Bilateral metachronous complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS I) of the lands – diagnosis with quantitative TPBS (3 phase scintigraphy). Rofo 183(5):478–480PubMedCrossRef
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Wüppenhorst N, Maier C, Frettlöh J, Pennekamp W, Nicolas V (2010) Sensitivity and specificity of 3‑phase bone scintigraphy in the diagnosis of complex regional pain syndrome of the upper extremity. Clin J Pain 26(3):182–189PubMedCrossRef Wüppenhorst N, Maier C, Frettlöh J, Pennekamp W, Nicolas V (2010) Sensitivity and specificity of 3‑phase bone scintigraphy in the diagnosis of complex regional pain syndrome of the upper extremity. Clin J Pain 26(3):182–189PubMedCrossRef
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Schürmann M, Gradl G, Rommel O (2007) Early diagnosis in post-traumatic complex regional pain syndrome. Orthopedics 30(6):450–456PubMed Schürmann M, Gradl G, Rommel O (2007) Early diagnosis in post-traumatic complex regional pain syndrome. Orthopedics 30(6):450–456PubMed
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Cohen SP, Raja SN (2009) Does prolonged skin temperature measurement improve the diagnosis of complex regional pain syndrome? Nat Clin Pract Neurol 5(1):14–15PubMedCrossRef Cohen SP, Raja SN (2009) Does prolonged skin temperature measurement improve the diagnosis of complex regional pain syndrome? Nat Clin Pract Neurol 5(1):14–15PubMedCrossRef
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Krumova EK, Frettlöh J, Klauenberg S, Richter H, Wasner G, Maier C (2008) Long-term skin temperature measurements – a practical diagnostic tool in complex regional pain syndrome. Pain 140(1):8–22PubMedCrossRef Krumova EK, Frettlöh J, Klauenberg S, Richter H, Wasner G, Maier C (2008) Long-term skin temperature measurements – a practical diagnostic tool in complex regional pain syndrome. Pain 140(1):8–22PubMedCrossRef
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Gradl G, Steinborn M, Wizgall I, Mittlmeier T, Schürmann M (2003) Acute CRPS I (morbus sudeck) following distal radial fractures – methods for early diagnosis. Zentralbl Chir 128(12):1020–1026PubMedCrossRef Gradl G, Steinborn M, Wizgall I, Mittlmeier T, Schürmann M (2003) Acute CRPS I (morbus sudeck) following distal radial fractures – methods for early diagnosis. Zentralbl Chir 128(12):1020–1026PubMedCrossRef
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Perez RS, Zollinger PE, Dijkstra PU, Thomassen-Hilgersom IL, Zuurmond WW, Rosenbrand KCJ, Geertzen JH, the task force CRPSI (2010) Evidence based guidelines for complex regional pain syndrome type 1. BMC Neurol 10(20):1–14 Perez RS, Zollinger PE, Dijkstra PU, Thomassen-Hilgersom IL, Zuurmond WW, Rosenbrand KCJ, Geertzen JH, the task force CRPSI (2010) Evidence based guidelines for complex regional pain syndrome type 1. BMC Neurol 10(20):1–14
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Oerlemans HM, Oostendorp RA, de Boo I, Goris PJ (1999) Pain and reduced mobility in complex regional pain syndrome I: outcome of a prospective randomised controlled trial of adjuvant physical therapy versus occupational therapy. Pain 83:77–83PubMedCrossRef Oerlemans HM, Oostendorp RA, de Boo I, Goris PJ (1999) Pain and reduced mobility in complex regional pain syndrome I: outcome of a prospective randomised controlled trial of adjuvant physical therapy versus occupational therapy. Pain 83:77–83PubMedCrossRef
56.
Zurück zum Zitat McCabe CS, Haigh RC, Ring EF, Halligan PW, Wall PD, Blake DR (2003) A controlled pilot study of the utility of mirror visual feedback in the treatment of complex regional pain syndrome (type 1). Rheumatology (Oxford) 42(1):97–101CrossRef McCabe CS, Haigh RC, Ring EF, Halligan PW, Wall PD, Blake DR (2003) A controlled pilot study of the utility of mirror visual feedback in the treatment of complex regional pain syndrome (type 1). Rheumatology (Oxford) 42(1):97–101CrossRef
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Moseley GL (2004) Graded motor imagery is effective for long-standing complex regional pain syndrome: a randomised controlled trial. Pain 108(1–2):192–198PubMedCrossRef Moseley GL (2004) Graded motor imagery is effective for long-standing complex regional pain syndrome: a randomised controlled trial. Pain 108(1–2):192–198PubMedCrossRef
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Ek JW, van Gijn JC, Samwel H, van Egmond J, Klomp FP, van Dongen RT (2009) Pain exposure physical therapy may be a safe and effective treatment for longstanding complex regional pain syndrome type 1: a case series. Clin Rehabil 23(12):1059–1066PubMedCrossRef Ek JW, van Gijn JC, Samwel H, van Egmond J, Klomp FP, van Dongen RT (2009) Pain exposure physical therapy may be a safe and effective treatment for longstanding complex regional pain syndrome type 1: a case series. Clin Rehabil 23(12):1059–1066PubMedCrossRef
59.
Zurück zum Zitat van de Vusse AC, Stomp-van den Berg SG, Kessels AH, Weber WE (2004) Randomised controlled trial of gabapentin in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome type 1 [ISRCTN84121379]. BMC Neurol 29(4):13CrossRef van de Vusse AC, Stomp-van den Berg SG, Kessels AH, Weber WE (2004) Randomised controlled trial of gabapentin in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome type 1 [ISRCTN84121379]. BMC Neurol 29(4):13CrossRef
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Sigtermans MJ, van Hilten JJ, Bauer MC, Arbous MS, Marinus J, Sarton EY, Dahan A (2009) Ketamine produces effective and long-term pain relief in patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type 1. Pain 145(3):304–311PubMedCrossRef Sigtermans MJ, van Hilten JJ, Bauer MC, Arbous MS, Marinus J, Sarton EY, Dahan A (2009) Ketamine produces effective and long-term pain relief in patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type 1. Pain 145(3):304–311PubMedCrossRef
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Schwartzman RJ, Alexander GM, Grothusen JR, Paylor T, Reichenberger E, Perreault M (2009) Outpatient intravenous ketamine for the treatment of complex regional pain syndrome: a double-blind placebo controlled study. Pain 147(1–3):107–115PubMedCrossRef Schwartzman RJ, Alexander GM, Grothusen JR, Paylor T, Reichenberger E, Perreault M (2009) Outpatient intravenous ketamine for the treatment of complex regional pain syndrome: a double-blind placebo controlled study. Pain 147(1–3):107–115PubMedCrossRef
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Duhmke RM, Cornblath DD, Hollingshead JR (2004) Tramadol for neuropathic pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2:CD003726PubMed Duhmke RM, Cornblath DD, Hollingshead JR (2004) Tramadol for neuropathic pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2:CD003726PubMed
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Kalso E, Edwards JE, Moore RA, McQuay HJ (2004) Opioids in chronic non-cancer pain: systematic review of efficacy and safety. Pain 112(3):372–380PubMedCrossRef Kalso E, Edwards JE, Moore RA, McQuay HJ (2004) Opioids in chronic non-cancer pain: systematic review of efficacy and safety. Pain 112(3):372–380PubMedCrossRef
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Adami S, Fossaluzza V, Gatti D, Fracassi E, Braga V (1997) Bisphosphonate therapy of reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 56(3):201–204PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Adami S, Fossaluzza V, Gatti D, Fracassi E, Braga V (1997) Bisphosphonate therapy of reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 56(3):201–204PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Manicourt DH, Brasseur JP, Boutsen Y, Depreseux G, Devogelaer JP (2004) Role of alendronate in therapy for posttraumatic complex regional pain syndrome type I of the lower extremity. Arthritis Rheum 50(11):3690–3697PubMedCrossRef Manicourt DH, Brasseur JP, Boutsen Y, Depreseux G, Devogelaer JP (2004) Role of alendronate in therapy for posttraumatic complex regional pain syndrome type I of the lower extremity. Arthritis Rheum 50(11):3690–3697PubMedCrossRef
66.
Zurück zum Zitat Varenna M, Zucchi F, Ghiringhelli D, Binelli L, Bevilacqua M, Bettica P, Sinigaglia L (2000) Intravenous clodronate in the treatment of reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome. A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study. J Rheumatol 27(6):1477–1483PubMed Varenna M, Zucchi F, Ghiringhelli D, Binelli L, Bevilacqua M, Bettica P, Sinigaglia L (2000) Intravenous clodronate in the treatment of reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome. A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study. J Rheumatol 27(6):1477–1483PubMed
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Robinson JN, Sandom J, Chapman PT (2004) Efficacy of pamidronate in complex regional pain syndrome type I. Pain Med 5(3):276–280PubMedCrossRef Robinson JN, Sandom J, Chapman PT (2004) Efficacy of pamidronate in complex regional pain syndrome type I. Pain Med 5(3):276–280PubMedCrossRef
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Kozin F, Ryan LM, Carerra GF, Soin JS, Wortmann RL (1981) The reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome (RSDS). III. Scintigraphic studies, further evidence for the therapeutic efficacy of systemic corticosteroids, and proposed diagnostic criteria. Am J Med 70(1):23–30PubMedCrossRef Kozin F, Ryan LM, Carerra GF, Soin JS, Wortmann RL (1981) The reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome (RSDS). III. Scintigraphic studies, further evidence for the therapeutic efficacy of systemic corticosteroids, and proposed diagnostic criteria. Am J Med 70(1):23–30PubMedCrossRef
69.
Zurück zum Zitat Grundberg AB (1996) Reflex sympathetic dystrophy: treatment with long-acting intramuscular corticosteroids. J Hand Surg Am 21(4):667–670PubMedCrossRef Grundberg AB (1996) Reflex sympathetic dystrophy: treatment with long-acting intramuscular corticosteroids. J Hand Surg Am 21(4):667–670PubMedCrossRef
70.
Zurück zum Zitat Christensen K, Jensen EM, Noer I (1982) The reflex dystrophy syndrome response to treatment with systemic corticosteroids. Acta Chir Scand 148(8):653–655PubMed Christensen K, Jensen EM, Noer I (1982) The reflex dystrophy syndrome response to treatment with systemic corticosteroids. Acta Chir Scand 148(8):653–655PubMed
71.
Zurück zum Zitat Kalita J, Vajpayee A, Misra UK (2006) Comparison of prednisolone with piroxicam in complex regional pain syndrome following stroke: a randomized controlled trial. QJM 99(2):89–95PubMedCrossRef Kalita J, Vajpayee A, Misra UK (2006) Comparison of prednisolone with piroxicam in complex regional pain syndrome following stroke: a randomized controlled trial. QJM 99(2):89–95PubMedCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Komplexes regionales Schmerzsyndrom nach distaler Radiusfraktur
Aktuelle Epidemiologie, pathophysiologische Modelle, Diagnostik und Therapie
verfasst von
PD Dr. L. Harhaus
F. Neubrech
C. Hirche
T. Schilling
H. Kohler
A. Mayr
A. Riesmeier
B. Bickert
U. Kneser
Publikationsdatum
03.08.2016
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Die Unfallchirurgie / Ausgabe 9/2016
Print ISSN: 2731-7021
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-703X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00113-016-0217-x

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 9/2016

Der Unfallchirurg 9/2016 Zur Ausgabe

Update Unfallchirurgie

Kinderorthopädie

Arthropedia

Grundlagenwissen der Arthroskopie und Gelenkchirurgie. Erweitert durch Fallbeispiele, Videos und Abbildungen. 
» Jetzt entdecken

Update Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.