Rare case of primary thyroid lymphoma of the thyroid gland

Primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL) is a rare disease and presents less than 1–5% of all thyroid gland malignancies. PTL is a different group and can present itself in diverse ways and histomorphologic features. The aim of this paper is to document the occurrence of a rare case of primary thyroid lymphoma of the thyroid gland. We present a case of PTL diagnosed in a 63-year-old man in our hospital. The patient complained from a rapidly enlarging cervical mass associated with dyspnea for 5 months. On physical examination, the thyroid gland size was diffusely increased with a prominence of the right side. Cervical lymphadenopathy was not palpable. The patient underwent total thyroidectomy. Histomorphologic review of the excised thyroid and immunohistochemical studies confirmed diffuse large B cell lymphoma. The patient underwent systemic chemotherapy. The diagnosis of primary thyroid lymphoma should be considered when thyroid gland size shows to rapidly increased. Fine needle aspiration cytology is a practical laboratory method in detection of thyroid gland neoplasms. The surgical intervention is saving for critical main airway compression and also tissue confirmatory diagnosis. A combination treatment including chemotherapy and radiotherapy is the gold standard of suitable patient management.