Introduction
Methods
Study Population
Diagnostic Workup and Treatment Algorithm
Outcomes
Statistical Analysis
Results
Patient Characteristics Prior to First TACE
Characteristic | All patients (N = 166) |
---|---|
Age—years (IQR) | 69 (61–74) |
Males—n (%) | 129 (78) |
Etiology—n (%) | |
Alcohol | 63 (38) |
HBV | 24 (15) |
HCV | 53 (32) |
NAFLD/NASH | 16 (10) |
Other/unknown | 10/19 (6/11) |
Cirrhosis—n (%) | 146 (89) |
Child–Pugh class—n (%) | |
A/B7 | 133/13 (91/9) |
ECOG PS—n (%) | |
0/1/2 | 94/58/12 (57/35/7) |
BCLC stage—n (%) | |
0 or A/B/C | 67/88/11 (40/53/7) |
Number of tumor nodules—n (%) | |
1/2–3/> 3 | 54/68/44 (33/41/27) |
Size of largest nodule—mm (IQR) | 46 (34–61) |
Macroscopic vascular invasion—n (%) | 11 (7) |
Treatment Details and Reason of unTACEable Progression
Overall Survival, Time to unTACEable Progression and Post-Progression Survival
Impact of Reason of UTP, Pattern of Progression and Subsequent Treatment on OS and PPS
Whole cohort n = 166 | unTACEable progression n = 116 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
HR [CI 95%] | p value* | HR [CI 95%] | p value* | |
Prior to first TACE
| ||||
ECOG PS 2 (Ref: 0–1) | 2.54 (1.26–5.12) |
0.009
| 1.69 (0.70–4.07) | 0.242 |
Number of nodules (Ref: 1) | Ref | – | Ref | – |
2–3 | 1.58 (0.91–2.73) | 0.104 | 1.17 (0.65–2.11) | 0.598 |
> 3/diffuse | 3.04 (1.71–5.40) |
< 0.001
| 2.02 (1.07–3.81) |
0.031
|
Tumor size > 46 mm | 1.25 (0.83–1.88) | 0.282 | 1.40 (0.89–2.21) | 0.149 |
Macrovascular invasion | 2.56 (1.20–5.47) |
0.015
| 2.44 (1.00–6.00) | 0.051 |
Log10 AFP | 1.51 (1.26–1.82) |
< 0.001
| 1.59 (1.31–1.94) |
< 0.001
|
At unTACEable progression
| ||||
unTACEable progression | 1.88 (1.06–3.32) |
0.031
| NA (all progressors) | |
Main reason (Ref: radiological PD) | – | – | Ref | – |
Liver dysfunction | – | – | 2.20 (1.23–4.01) |
0.008
|
ECOG PS > 2 | – | – | 2.09 (1.10–4.00) |
0.025
|
Univariable | Multivariable | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
HR [CI 95%] | p value* | HR [CI 95%] | p value** | |
Prior to TACE-1
| ||||
Female sex | 1.46 (0.92–2.33) | 0.108 | ||
Age > 65 | 1.02 (0.68–1.53) | 0.914 | ||
HBV | 1.02 (0.58–1.81) | 0.935 | ||
HCV | 1.07 (0.69–1.67) | 0.769 | ||
Alcohol | 1.10 (0.73–1.67) | 0.641 | ||
ECOG PS 2 (Ref: 0–1) | 1.70 (0.81–3.58) | 0.160 | ||
Child–Pugh score B7 (Ref: A5–A6) | 1.51 (0.73–3.14) | 0.267 | ||
BCLC stage (Ref: 0/A) | Ref | – | ||
B | 1.32 (0.86–2.04) | 0.284 | ||
C | 1.82 (0.80–4.16) | 0.153 | ||
Number of nodules (Ref: 1) | Ref | – | Ref | – |
2–3 | 1.36 (0.82–2.26) | 0.238 | 1.44 (0.84–2.45) | 0.185 |
> 3/diffuse | 1.62 (0.96–2.74) |
0.071
| 1.21 (0.66–2.21) | 0.544 |
Tumor size > 46 mm | 0.83 (0.56–1.25) | 0.372 | ||
Macrovascular invasion | 1.53 (0.71–3.32) | 0.280 | ||
Log10 AFP | 1.30 (1.10–1.53) |
0.003
| 1.36 (1.14–1.62) |
0.001
|
At unTACEable progression
| ||||
unTACEable progression | NA (all progressors) | NA (all progressors) | ||
Reason (Ref: radiological PD) | Ref | – | Ref | – |
Liver dysfunction | 3.10 (1.88–5.11) |
< 0.001
| 3.24 (1.82–5.74) |
< 0.001
|
ECOG PS > 2 | 3.74 (2.07–6.75) |
< 0.001
| 3.83 (2.09–7.01) |
< 0.001
|