Introduction
Methods
Protocol and registration
Search strategy
Selection criteria
Data extraction
Quality assurance
Results
Summary
Author | Year of Publication | Location | Intervention | Length of Time | Category of Intervention | Study Design | SURE | Quality | Sample | Males | Females | Mean Age | Finding |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Guideline Used | Rating | Size | |||||||||||
Kaufman et al. | 2014 | USA | High risk patients reached out to by care management teams composed of registered nurse, licensed practice nurse, community health worker, health coaches, social work staff | 90 day intervention with 6 month follow up | Care | Unclear | Study design | NA | 25 | 36% | 64% | 63 | Reduction in hospital admissions. |
management | unclear- not completed | ||||||||||||
intervention | |||||||||||||
Kearns et al. | 2017 | USA | Care management teams were assigned to intervention practices composed of a physician, care manager, medical assistant | 3 years | Care management team | Randomised prospective cohort study | RCT | Moderate | 19,696 | 48% | 52% | 55 | ER visits and readmissions increased while hospital admissions and urgent care visits decreased across both groups. |
Ginzburg et al. | 2017 | Israel | Nurse managed care management team composed of physician, nurse, social worker, pharmacist, physical exercise consultant, other medical specialists | 6 months | Care management team | Retrospective cross sectional study | Cross sectional | Low | 100 | 52% | 48% | 63 | Decrease in hospitalisations. Increase in dietician, ophthalmologist, family physician visits |
Brophy et al. | 2014 | USA | Collaborative drug therapy management providing health coaching, education, transportation assistance, prescription refills | 1 year | Drug therapy | Retrospective quasi experiment with comparison group | RCT | Moderate | 1764 | 45% | 55% | 58 | Reduction in hospital admissions (significant KF group, non significant ACP group), reduction in ED visits. |
Yeung et al. | 2014 | USA | 6 month low intensity, 24 month high intensity self management and support groups by certified diabetes educator and clinical psychologist | 2.5 years | Education | Single cohort, time series prospective study | Cohort | Moderate | 60 | 30% | 70% | 62 | No significant difference in acute care use, non acute care use, days lost to disability found. Increase in non acute care use approached significance. Decrease in urgent care and ED visits. Improvement in clinical markers and self care. |
Elliott et al. | 2014 | UK | DAFNE | 5 day course | Education | Retrospective observational study | Study design | NA | 939 | 53% | 47% | 41 | Significant reduction in ketoacidosis episodes, hypoglycaemia episodes, hospital admissions, ED visits, paramedic call outs. Improvements in glycaemic control and quality of life. |
doesn't fit- not completed | |||||||||||||
Wong et al. | 2014 | Hong Kong | Patient empowerment programme giving patients greater control over their health through collaboration with the healthcare provdider | 12 month follow up | Enhanced | Observational, matched, cohort study | Cohort | High | 2282 | 50% | 50% | 64 | Significantly improved clinical outcomes in HvA1c, LDL-C, improved clinical outcomes in BP. Significant reductions in GOPC vivits, reduction in SOPC visits, ED visits, inpatient admissions |
primary care program | |||||||||||||
MacKay et al. | 2014 | Canada | Modified role of medical office assistant to do key tasks for people with diabetes | 12 months | Enhanced | Unclear | Study design | NA | 96 | 47% | 53% | 66 | Similar number of patients with ED visits and hospital admissions |
primary care program | unclear- not completed | ||||||||||||
Seidu et al. | 2016 | UK | Enhanced practices used primary care physicians (PCPs) with an interest in diabetes, supported by multidisciplinary primary care teams to provide care to patients dischardged from secondary care in primary care | 12 month follow up | Enhanced | Before and after | Case Control | High | 8366 | 50% | 50% | Unknown | Decrease in admissions and outpatient attendances. |
primary care program | |||||||||||||
Peterson et al. | 2017 | USA | Extension of CareFirst's program to Medicare. Nurses worked with patients’ usual primary care practitioners to coordinate care for high-risk Medicare patients. | 2.5 years | Enhanced | Unclear | Study design | NA | 104,000 | 41% | 59% | 74 | Decline in hospitalisation rates by 10% in intervention group, similar to control group. |
primary care program | unclear- not completed | ||||||||||||
Goff et al. | 2018 | USA | Team based care model using 2 registered nurses, 2 medical assistance trained as outreach workers, case manager | 12 month follow up | Enhanced | Controlled before and after observational study | Case Control | High | 319 | 36% | 64% | 53 | Reduction in unplanned |
primary care program | hospitalisation rates, no change in annual rate of ED visits. | ||||||||||||
Zurovac et al. | 2019 | USA | Behavioural health integrated into primary care with physicians, nurses, medical assistants, practice manager, behavioural health therapists, registered nurse health coaches, panel manager | 24 months | Enhanced | Observational study | Study design | NA | 2001 | 41% | 59% | 72 | No significant reduction in hospitalisations. Reduced ED visits. Improvement in diabetes care |
primary care program | doesn't fit- not completed | ||||||||||||
McLendon et al. | 2019 | USA | Care coordination, telemedicine, education | 12 months | Enhanced | Retrospective study | Study design | NA | 59 | 20% | 80% | Unknown | Statistically significant reduction in ED visits, hospital admissions, statistically significant increase in A1c, increased DSME score |
primary care program | doesn't fit- not completed | ||||||||||||
Chung et al. | 2014 | USA | Clinical pharmacy program following collaborative drug therapy management protocol providing 30 minute visits with pharmacist whenever needed | 30 minute | Integrated care pathway | Retrospective cohort study | Cohort | High | 782 | 45% | 55% | 51 | Statistically significant reduction in hospitalisations, non significant increase in ED visits, significant reduction in HbA1c levels. |
visit with | |||||||||||||
pharmacist whenever needed with 1 year follow up | |||||||||||||
Sampson et al. | 2017 | UK | Severe hypogylcaemic ambulance management team who referred callers to an education teamthey where then had direct face to face or telephone contact education on SH management and avoidance | 17 months | Integrated care pathway | Retrospective study | Study design doesn't fit- not completed | NA | 2000 | 56% | 44% | 67 | Reduction in ambulance transport to hospital and hospital |
admissions | |||||||||||||
Bennett et al. | 2018 | USA | Community paramedicine- implementing a care plan devised by liason nurse over a number of visits | Unknown | Integrated care pathway | Pre and post test evaluation with comparison group | Case Control | High | 68 | 40% | 60% | 58 | Significant decrease in ED visits, ambulance calls, inpatient length of stay, hospitalisations, readmisstion rate and increase in transports compared to comparison group. |
Increase in comparison group. | |||||||||||||
Quan et al. | 2015 | USA | Automated telephone calls with follow up from health staff/ lay person for behavioural action plan | 6 month intervention | Telemedicine | Controlled quasi experimental evaluation trial | RCT | High | 362 | 29% | 71% | 55 | Reduction in ED visits and hospitalizations. |
Due- | 2015 | Denmark | Diabetic specialist nurse answers calls out of hours | 6 months | Telemedicine | Sequential exploratory mixed methods study. Observational study | Study design | NA | 592 | 44% | 56% | 62 | ATC prevented the escalation of severe diabetes related conditions and likely prevented admissions in 15/17 cases. |
Christensen et al. | doesn't fit- not completed | ||||||||||||
Warren et al. | 2017 | Australia | Care coordinator provided additional assistance with | 6 months | Telemedicine | Randomised | RCT | High | 126 | 54% | 46% | 61 | Decrease in GP visits, specialist referrals, hospital admissions. |
control trial |