Introduction
Materials and methods
Subjects
Self-reported measures
Muscle trigger point examination
Assessment of referred pain area and quality
Statistical analysis
Results
Demographic and clinical data of the sample
Muscle TrPs
Children with chronic tension type headache (CTTH) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Upper trapezius muscle | Sternocleidomastoid muscle | Temporalis | ||||
Dominant side | Non dominant side | Dominant side | Non dominant side | Dominant side | Non dominant side | |
Active TrPs (n) | 10 | 10 | 13 | 6 | 38 | 16 |
No TrPs (n) | 40 | 40 | 37 | 44 | 12 | 34 |
Superficial masseter muscle | Superior oblique muscle | Levator scapulae muscle | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dominant side | Non dominant side | Dominant side | Non dominant side | Dominant side | Non dominant side | |
Active TrPs (n) | 8 | 5 | 14 | 15 | 6 | 4 |
No TrPs (n) | 42 | 45 | 36 | 35 | 44 | 46 |
Healthy control children | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Upper trapezius muscle | Sternocleidomastoid muscle | Temporalis | ||||
Dominant side | Non dominant side | Dominant side | Non dominant side | Dominant side | Non dominant side | |
Latent TrPs (n) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
No TrPs (n) | 50 | 50 | 49 | 50 | 47 | 50 |
Superficial masseter muscle | Superior oblique muscle | Levator scapulae muscle | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dominant side | Non dominant side | Dominant side | Non dominant side | Dominant side | Non dominant side | |
Latent TrPs (n) | 1 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 2 |
No TrPs (n) | 49 | 50 | 46 | 46 | 50 | 48 |
Referred pain area
Children with chronic tension type headache# | Healthy controls children | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Upper trapezius | Dominant side (n = 10) | 32.5 ± 15.8 (21.8–39.2) | Dominant side (n = 0) | – |
Non dominant side (n = 10) | 28.8 ± 18.1 (18.6–39.1) | Non dominant side (n = 0) | – | |
Sternocleidomastoid | Dominant side (n = 13) | 27.1 ± 14.6 (16.1–38.2) | Dominant side (n = 1) | 12.2 |
Non dominant side (n = 6) | 29.1 ± 14.9 (19.7–38.5) | Non dominant side (n = 0) | – | |
Temporalis | Dominant side (n = 38) | 32.6 ± 16.9 (26.7–38.6) | Dominant side (n = 3) | 14.6 ± 8.1 (10.1–19.3) |
Non dominant side (n = 16) | 31.1 ± 18.1 (25.4–36.9) | Non dominant side (n = 0) | – | |
Superficial masseter | Dominant side (n = 8) | 22.9 ± 9.3 (14.4–31.5) | Dominant side (n = 1) | 3.4 |
Non dominant side (n = 5) | 28.7 ± 12.9 (20.6–36.8) | Non dominant side (n = 0) | – | |
Superior oblique | Dominant side (n = 14) | 38.2 ± 18.8 (26.9–49.4) | Dominant side (n = 4) | 25.4 ± 9.1 (15.2–35.6) |
Non dominant side (n = 15) | 35.5 ± 14.4 (24.7–46.3) | Non dominant side (n = 4) | 26.6 ± 8.9 (18.5–34.7) | |
Levator scapulae | Dominant side (n = 6) | 52.0 ± 11.5 (32.4–71.6) | Dominant side (n = 0) | – |
Non dominant side (n = 4) | 55.1 ± 16.6 (29.7–70.4) | Non dominant side (n = 2) | 22.8 ± 6.1 (11.1–36.7) | |
Suboccipital* | Bilateral (n = 10) | 75.4 ± 18.3 (64.2–86.6) | Bilateral (n = 1) | 16.2 |