Background
Methods
Subjects
Study protocol
Three-dimensional analysis
Body composition and blood pressure
Statistical analysis
Results
Study population characteristics
Women | Men | |
---|---|---|
n = 839
|
n = 691
| |
Age (years) | 41.5 ± 13.4 | 40.9 ± 12.5 |
Race / Ethnicity: | ||
Caucasian | 626 (74.6 %) | 518 (75.0 %) |
Asian | 97 (11.6 %) | 97 (14.0 %) |
African | 65 (7.7 %) | 39 (5.6 %) |
Other | 51 (6.1 %) | 37 (5.4 %) |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.3 ± 4.2 | 25.1 ± 3.3 |
Underweight (BMI <18.5) | 22 (2.6 %) | 8 (1.2 %) |
Normal weight (18.5 ≤ BMI < 25) | 528 (62.9 %) | 359 (52.0 %) |
Overweight (25 ≤ BMI < 30) | 200 (23.8 %) | 270 (39.1 %) |
Obese (BMI ≥ 30) | 89 (10.6 %) | 54 (7.8 %) |
Lean Mass (kg) | 44.9 ± 6.0 | 62.6 ± 8.5 |
BMI <18.5 | 36.9 ± 4.5 | 48.5 ± 4.4 |
18.5 ≤ BMI < 25 | 44.1 ± 5.2 | 59.8 ± 7.5 |
25 ≤ BMI < 30 | 46.4 ± 6.1 | 65.0 ± 8.5 |
BMI ≥ 30 | 50.5 ± 6.9 | 70.9 ± 8.1 |
Fat Mass (kg) | 20.3 ± 8.5 | 15.9 ± 7.3 |
BMI <18.5 | 9.0 ± 2.3 | 5.0 ± 2.3 |
18.5 ≤ BMI < 25 | 16.1 ± 4.0 | 11.5 ± 3.9 |
25 ≤ BMI < 30 | 26.2 ± 5.1 | 18.9 ± 6.0 |
BMI ≥ 30 | 36.4 ± 8.0 | 29.8 ± 6.1 |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 114.0 ± 13.5 | 123.5 ± 12.9 |
BMI <18.5 | 103.7 ± 9.3 | 106.8 ± 8.3 |
18.5 ≤ BMI < 25 | 111.8 ± 12.3 | 122.9 ± 13.8 |
25 ≤ BMI < 30 | 118.7 ± 14.1 | 125.2 ± 12.5 |
BMI ≥ 30 | 123.9 ± 14.9 | 128.7 ± 15.9 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 77.2 ± 9.3 | 79.8 ± 9.5 |
BMI <18.5 | 73.5 ± 8.7 | 72.5 ± 7.9 |
18.5 ≤ BMI < 25 | 75.6 ± 8.9 | 78.6 ± 8.9 |
25 ≤ BMI < 30 | 80.6 ± 9.3 | 81.6 ± 9.1 |
BMI ≥ 30 | 83.4 ± 10.2 | 85.5 ± 12.1 |
LV Mass (g) | 99.3 ± 19.3 | 79.8 ± 9.5 |
LV EDV (mls) | 128.9 ± 21.6 | 165.4 ± 31.1 |
LV SV (mls) | 85.8 ± 14.0 | 105.6 ± 19.4 |
LV EF (%) | 66.8 ± 5.0 | 64.1 ± 5.4 |
Cardiac Output (L/min) | 5.6 ± 1.2 | 6.6 ± 1.5 |
Relationships between fat mass and LV geometry
Men | Women | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B | β |
P
| B | β |
p
|
p for interaction | |
LV mass (g) | |||||||
Lean Mass | 1.91 | 0.53 | <.0001 | 1.65 | 0.51 | <.0001 | .005 |
Fat Mass | −0.03 | −0.01 | .82 | 0.26 | 0.11 | <.0001 | .02 |
LV EDV (ml) | |||||||
Lean Mass | 1.80 | 0.49 | <.0001 | 1.56 | 0.43 | <.0001 | .11 |
Fat Mass | −0.29 | −0.07 | .02 | 0.34 | 0.13 | <.0001 | <.0001 |
Concentricity (LV mass/volume) | |||||||
Lean Mass | 0.002 | 0.11 | .03 | 0.004 | 0.19 | <.0001 | .65 |
Fat Mass | 0.002 | 0.09 | .03 | −6×10−6
| −0.0004 | .99 | .03 |
Stroke Volume (ml) | |||||||
Lean Mass | 1.01 | 0.44 | <.0001 | 1.07 | 0.46 | <.0001 | .86 |
Fat Mass | −0.1 | −0.04 | .23 | 0.28 | 0.17 | <.0001 | <.0001 |
Heart Rate (bpm) | |||||||
Lean Mass | −0.26 | −0.20 | .0003 | −0.15 | −0.10 | .04 | .48 |
Fat Mass | 0.26 | 0.17 | <.0001 | 0.09 | 0.08 | .04 | .04 |
Cardiac Output (L/min) | |||||||
Lean Mass | 0.03 | 0.18 | .0002 | 0.06 | 0.29 | <.0001 | .19 |
Fat Mass | 0.02 | 0.10 | .006 | 0.03 | 0.20 | <.0001 | .09 |